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Asphyxial_Deaths-Asphyxial_Death
Asphyxial_Deaths-Previous_Year_Questions
Ballistics-Forensic_Ballistics
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Forensic_Identification-Forensic_Identification
Forensic_Identification-Previous_Year_Questions
Forensic_Psychiatry-Forensic_Psychiatry
Forensic_Psychiatry-Previous_Year_Questions
Forensic_Thanatology-Previous_Year_Questions
Forensic_Thanatology-Thanatology
Forensic_Toxicology-Forensic_Toxicology_1
Forensic_Toxicology-Forensic_Toxicology_2
Forensic_Toxicology-Previous_Year_Questions
Forensic_Traumatology-Mechanical_injuries
Forensic_Traumatology-Previous_Year_Questions
Forensic_Traumatology-Regional_injuries
Forensic_Traumatology-Thermal_injuries_and_RTA
IPC_Sections-BNS_Sections
IPC_Sections-Previous_Year_Questions
Indian_Legal_System___Medical_Jurisprudence-Previous_Year_Questions
Infanticide-Infanticide
Infanticide-Previous_Year_Questions
Medical_Jurisprudence-Medical_Jurisprudence
Medical_Jurisprudence-Previous_Year_Questions
Miscellaneous-Previous_Year_Questions
Post_Mortem_Techniques-Postmortem_autopsy_and_torture
Post_Mortem_Techniques-Previous_Year_Questions
Previous_Year_Questions_13
Previous_Year_Questions_6
Sexual_Jurisprudence-Previous_Year_Questions
Sexual_Jurisprudence-Sexual_Jurisprudence
Toxicology_-_General-General_Toxicology
Toxicology_-_General-Previous_Year_Questions
Traces_of_Evidences-Previous_Year_Questions
Traces_of_Evidences-Traces_of_evidence___Sexual_offences
Violent_Asphyxia_Deaths-Previous_Year_Questions
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It can cause death through asphyxia and vagal inhibition, requiring at least 2 minutes of pressure.", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8t3d8DInrUGmbp2FydXP1735839341.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/uKCYEqL6tUlEvS4MeYMC1735839386.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Examination Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>External Examination</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bruises and Abrasions:</strong> On the front and sides of the neck.</li>\n<li><strong>Signs of Asphyxia:</strong> Cyanosis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9fdd7489051692777202cffe3f24cc\">facial</span> swelling, Tardieu's spots, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> from nose and ears.</li>\n<li><strong>Injuries on Other Body Parts:</strong> Additional signs of violence (abrasions, bruises, scratches).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Internal Examination </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haemorrhages:</strong> In <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> tissues under bruises.</li>\n<li><strong>Muscle Damage:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">Tears</span> or lacerations in neck muscles.</li>\n<li><strong>Hyoid Bone Fracture:</strong> Significant <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"552e9ef8811692777186997018b858\">diagnostic</span> indicator, typically from inward compression.</li>\n<li><strong>Laryngeal and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c739a6fb2b1692777200e2ada8023c\">Tracheal</span> Damage:</strong> Fractures of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"799202e6fe16927772009a1501b0a8\">thyroid</span> and potentially <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba164bcd07169277718502f7ba3457\">cricoid</span> cartilages.</li>\n<li><strong>Haemorrhages in Mouth/Throat:</strong> Bruising and lacerations on the tongue, haemorrhages in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membranes.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/QKSpfBddSBtT570bOqlb1739544872.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist examines a drowning victim’s dead body and conducts tests for diatoms and chloride levels in the heart. The victim was found in a lake, and a water sample from the scene was collected for analysis. Which of the following statements is false ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "In freshwater drowning, chloride levels in the left heart are lower.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "In saltwater drowning, chloride levels in the left heart are higher.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Finding diatoms in bone marrow indicates that the individual ingested water while alive.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The absence of diatoms in tissues can definitively rule out drowning.", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. The absence of diatoms in tissues can definitively rule out drowning.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:729px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diatom Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gettler Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Diatoms are <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"79067cb33316927771926965c3c0b5\">microscopic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3e6d74e4e16927772019e9f2febe0\">unicellular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4fe0eda1241692777181d7dbba279a\">algae</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b997a5071169277719884af60a5b7\">silicon</span> skeletons that are chemically <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"250ba87fdc16927771905e3fb92448\">inert</span> and resistant to strong acids.</li>\n<li>In <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> drowning, diatoms enter the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a813884d6016927771838d2d1f9d1d\">bloodstream</span> through ruptured alveolar walls, reaching organs like the lungs, heart, brain, liver, and bone marrow.</li>\n<li>Diatoms resist putrefaction, making the test useful even in decomposed bodies.</li>\n<li>A 50g tissue sample is treated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5536b77611169277719356d32e638a\">nitric</span> acid and examined for diatoms.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>A water sample from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> site is collected for comparison of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e81896c7a1692777186188b07a0cf\">diatom</span> species and proportions.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Limitations</strong>: Possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"22b9188ade169277718581ce9dc589\">contamination</span> from food, air, or environment.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>The test cannot rule out contamination, but it is still the <strong>\"gold standard\" </strong>for diagnosing typical drowning.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">Chloride</span> Levels:</strong> The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> content in the right and left sides of the heart is typically similar, around 600 mg/100 ml.</li>\n<li>A 25 mg% or more difference in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> levels between the two sides suggests <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> drowning.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Interpretation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Presence: </strong>Finding diatoms in tissues (<strong>bone marrow</strong>, blood, etc.) strongly indicates <strong>antemortem</strong> drowning, suggesting the individual inhales diatom-rich water. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"723fdec66b1692777186e92f0c6fdf\">Detection</span> in multiple tissues enhances reliability, indicating <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> and confirming drowning. <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Absence:</strong> While the absence of diatoms does not rule out drowning, it raises questions about the death's circumstances. Prior water <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eba893313f16927771906290ce7e79\">ingestion</span> or contact with diatom-rich environments could allow diatoms to enter <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"337d16dac5169277718474b97f6e4a\">circulation</span> without drowning.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Freshwater Drowning:</strong> The <strong>chloride content in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a065f288c1692777191f5b93fa49b\">left heart</span> is lower</strong> than in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72421e3a581692777197a98d00066c\">right heart</span> due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"409e887c94169277718652d5db3c32\">dilution</span> from the water. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Saltwater Drowning:</strong> In saltwater drowning, the <strong>chloride content in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a065f288c1692777191f5b93fa49b\">left heart</span> is higher</strong> than in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72421e3a581692777197a98d00066c\">right heart</span> due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"497d18ff781692777188c39a4648d6\">hemoconcentration</span> and mixing with saltwater. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>No Change in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">Chloride</span> Content:</strong> Observed in deaths from laryngeal spasm, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> inhibition, putrefaction, patent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9f027343dd16927772039cf6b0c8e4\">foramen</span> ovale, or when the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> content of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> medium is similar to that of blood.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SdBUhx1yY5Fsw0JQvOJR1739841060.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following signs of drowning. 1. Sehrt's Sign a) Free liquid in the paranasal sinus. 2. Sveshnikov's sign b) Water in the middle ear due to violent respiratory efforts while drowning. 3. Sabinsky's Sign c) Micro rupture in gastric mucosa due to stretching. 4. Ueno's Sign d) Small and anaemic spleen due to vasoconstriction.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2,c, 3-d, 4-a", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Reference:</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs in Drowning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sehrt's Sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Micro <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">mucosa</span> due to over-stretching on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eba893313f16927771906290ce7e79\">ingestion</span> of fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sveshnikov's sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Free liquid in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e23ca9914316927771948eba43a1e9\">paranasal</span> sinus.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sabinsky's Sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small and anemic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6a4861c8d71692777199aeb1d55c85\">spleen</span> due to vasoconstriction.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ueno's Sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Water in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> due to violent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> efforts while drowning.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wydler's Sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gastric content in a container with three layers (Foam- top, liquid- middle, solid- bottom).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Drowning Index</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Weight of both lungs + weight of pleural <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"73909075e71692777187f08d3c9b7e\">effusion</span> / Weight of spleen</p>\n<p>If &gt; 14.1%, it suggests AM drowning.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/BOxUnQNrfLYhbmWFVQsM1739841266.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is conducting an autopsy on a body recovered from a body of water. During the examination, several findings are noted. Based on the following statements regarding postmortem findings in drowning, which of the following is true? Frothy fluid, resulting from the churning of water, mucus, and air, is present at the mouth and nostrils, indicating drowning. Cutis anserina indicates prolonged immersion in warm water. Washerwoman’s hand appears as wrinkled and sodden skin due to prolonged submersion. A cadaveric spasm is the immediate stiffening of muscles holding debris, indicating drowning. Paltauf’s hemorrhage is a postmortem finding not associated with drowning. Water and bleeding in the middle ear confirm antemortem drowning. The heart shows equal amounts of blood on both sides in drowning victims.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "2, 5, 6, 7", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 3, 4, 6", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, 4, 5, 6", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "2, 3, 5, 7", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1, 3, 4, 6", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>PM Findings in Drowning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>External Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Internal Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pale &amp; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7fe6b1949b16927771852c56e807f5\">cyanosed</span> face</strong> from putrefaction.</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Eyes</strong> half-open/closed, suffused conjunctiva, dilated pupils, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"335f16a33c16927771992f5c55bc4d\">subconjunctival</span> hemorrhages (<em>Antemortem</em> drowning).</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Froth</strong>: Fine, copious, tenacious, lathery froth at mouth and nostrils is characteristic of <em>antemortem</em> drowning, and reappears after wiping or chest pressure.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mechanism: The<strong> churning </strong>of water, mucus, and retained air in airways creates froth. <strong>(Statement 1)</strong></li>\n<li>In other conditions like strangulation, and electric shock, the froth is not as fine or tenacious.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Cutis anserina</strong> (goose flesh): The puckered appearance of skin due to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ca2289e348169277718516017eb2ba\">contraction</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ac45bd32a169277718722c633169f\">erector</span> muscles in <strong>cold water</strong>, occurs immediately after <em>antemortem</em> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"add1ce48501692777199e24a617b0c\">submersion</span> or by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis. <strong>(Statement 2)</strong></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Washerwomen’s hand</strong>: Wrinkled, sodden, and bleached appearance of hands and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> due to prolonged submersion, occurring <em>postmortem</em> in 3–4 hours and fully affecting the hands by 24 hours. <strong>(Statement 3)</strong></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Cadaveric spasm</strong>: Immediate stiffening of muscles holding grass, sand, or debris in clenched hands—<em>antemortem</em> proof of drowning. <strong>(Statement 4)</strong></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Rigor mortis</strong> appears early after a violent struggle (<em>Antemortem</em> drowning).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lungs</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d20ef4049169277718261e9075cbc\">Ballooning</span> with frothy fluid, rib indentations, heavy and waterlogged.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paltauf's hemorrhage</strong>: Red-gray <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20e85583701692777192ab33ca1399\">mottling</span> with areas of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4642acfc0c16927771880b34fa5174\">hemorrhage</span> due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"73909075e71692777187f08d3c9b7e\">effusion</span> of blood along <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"acc571bff61692777190b2fc43f406\">interlobular</span> septa. <strong>(Statement 5)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Heart</strong>: Right side full of dark <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> blood, left side empty (a sign of asphyxia). <strong>(Statement 7)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gettler test:</strong> Measures <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> content to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c9001edbf216927771860f3475b44c\">differentiate</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> drowning.\n\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Freshwater: Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> in the left heart.</li>\n<li>Saltwater: Higher <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> in the left heart.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Stomach</strong>: Water is present in 70% of cases, indicating <em>antemortem</em> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> if liquid was not swallowed voluntarily.</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Brain</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8edfbdf9211692777184ea95263168\">Congested</span> with softened grey-white <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9f0942c0b51692777190ee876713e5\">junction</span> (<em>Antemortem</em>).</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Middle ear</strong>: The presence of water and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> confirms <em>antemortem</em> drowning. <strong>(Statement 6)</strong></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Diatom test</strong>: The presence of diatoms in lungs and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b9831f3aa169277718395d7361df6\">bone marrow</span> suggests <em>antemortem</em> drowning.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Lf7vGEkSUxCW6SThZ7kz1739841548.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30 y/o man is found dead after an incident where he fell into cold water. Witnesses report that he surfaced briefly, then collapsed and became unresponsive. No significant water is found in his lungs upon autopsy, but signs of cardiac arrest are evident. Which of the following is the most likely cause of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Wet drowning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hydrocution", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Dry drowning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Near drowning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hydrocution", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of Drowning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Dry Drowning</strong></h3>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Death from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2fb02de7de1692777191c8ed75b7f5\">laryngeal spasm</span> with minimal water entering the lungs.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Asphyxia occurs without significant water inhalation.</li>\n<li>Diagnosis is made by inference and exclusion, as no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"116f86834a1692777181a914379270\">anatomical</span> evidence is present.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Occurrence</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>May occur with relatively dry lungs if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"337d16dac5169277718474b97f6e4a\">circulation</span> continues briefly after water removal.</li>\n<li>Resuscitative efforts may lead to water <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> into <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f97c39ea7a1692777189ea0ea68b49\">hypertonic</span> plasma, keeping lungs distended.</li>\n<li>Laryngeal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0338b655da16927771984b872baabb\">spasm</span> may prevent further water entry, allowing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3739d892c1692777184b2e134615c\">circulatory</span> function to clear intra-alveolar fluid.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Hydrocution (Immersion Syndrome)</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Sudden death due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrest from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> caused by cold water exposure.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Cold water stimulates nerve endings on the skin.</li>\n<li>Water impact on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2332a96a2169277718756eb10e3e7\">epigastrium</span> can trigger the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> reflex.</li>\n<li>Cold water in the ear, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31c5d0e75f16927771938d8e2daa4c\">nasal</span> passages, pharynx, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"80452d1746169277719165b097dc7a\">larynx</span> stimulates mucosal nerve endings.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Risk Factors</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Inexperienced divers or those diving <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> first.</li>\n<li>Alcohol consumption increases the risk due to vasodilation.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Near/Post <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a41dc7c0d41692777189383fa9a445\">Immersion</span> Syndrome (Secondary Drowning)</strong><br/>\n<strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Refers to a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"add1ce48501692777199e24a617b0c\">submersion</span> victim resuscitated and surviving for 24 hours.</li>\n<li><strong>Complications</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Hypoxemia leads to potential brain damage.</li>\n<li>Electrolyte disturbances and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema.</li>\n<li>Haemoglobinuria, sepsis-pneumonia, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> acidosis, and chemical pneumonitis.</li>\n<li>Cerebral oedema, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias, and myocardial anoxia.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/XmJnBYPrJGLHGz7cOMEG1746631784.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25 y/o man is found dead near a water body after being submerged for an unknown period. Autopsy reveals ballooned, pale pink lungs that retain their shape and do not collapse after removal. Blood tests show significant hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Which of the following best describes his condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Dry drowning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Seawater drowning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Freshwater drowning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hydrocution", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Freshwater drowning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:664px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Freshwater Drowning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seawater Drowning</strong><br/>\n<strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pathophysiology</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haemodilution</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">Inhalation</span> increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9b690b70c16927771833aae799b33\">blood volume</span> by 50%, causing anemia, hemolysis, and myocardial hypoxia.</li>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte Changes</strong>: Marked <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44b22766411692777189eb80d6416e\">hyponatremia</span> and hyperkalemia; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> decrease leads to arrhythmias.</li>\n<li><strong>Surfactant Dysfunction</strong>: Freshwater denatures the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e42f69176a1692777199d38657a9c3\">surfactant</span> which causes alveolar collapse and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema.</li>\n<li><strong>Cardiac Load</strong>: Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e0552462e16927771871413861fb7\">electrolyte</span> imbalances decrease <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> output and cause hypotension.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haemoconcentration</strong>: High salinity (≥3% NaCl) draws water into the lungs, causing severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema and elevated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0e40688fa169277719572bdb48c92\">plasma</span> sodium.</li>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte Changes</strong>: Increased blood <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2313fc54841692777202a008c72950\">viscosity</span> leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c933e533971692777183b764d960d0\">bradycardia</span> and myocardial failure; altered <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> and sodium levels(hypernatremia)</li>\n<li><strong>Red Cell Changes</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b4a7e29a61692777185bfbd695997\">Crenation</span> of red blood cells impairs oxygen transport.</li>\n<li><strong>Myocardial Anoxia</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">Asphyxia</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> stress results in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a249eeb5551692777189661d39c1b2\">hypoxia</span> and potential arrest.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lung characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Size</strong>: Ballooned but light; pale pink colour; emphysematous consistency.</li>\n<li><strong>Shape after Removal</strong>: Retained, no collapse; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> with little froth and no fluid.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Size</strong>: Ballooned and heavy; purplish or bluish colour; soft, jelly-like consistency.</li>\n<li><strong>Shape after Removal</strong>: Flattened; no crepitus; copious fluid and froth.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal period</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Death typically occurs within 4-5 minutes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Death may take 8-10 minutes.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/4J5yAeWaTimBOfycpuQl1746539404.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 3-month-old infant is found unresponsive in bed next to a sleeping adult who has a strong odor of alcohol. The infant's nose appears flattened, and there are pale areas around the face. Which type of suffocation is most likely responsible for the infant's death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Burking", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Overlaying", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Traumatic Asphyxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Positional Asphyxia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Overlaying", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8XUB5ppfOPatm64zf4Ia1735839962.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/3yrFzpQbSHQfieZ51TCS1735840012.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Overlaying</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Burking</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wedging</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">Compression</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e0548ff4a1692777199fc352dfa49\">suffocation</span> due to the weight of an adult (e.g., mother) on an infant during sleep.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Limits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c6021096816927772007954fcc158\">thoracic</span> movements, reducing or preventing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> exchange.</li>\n<li>Commonly occurs when the adult is under the influence of alcohol.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Findings</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>May show <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13d0edf82916927772021bfc7f9aeb\">flattening</span> of the nose and face.</li>\n<li>The pale appearance of the affected areas; nostrils may be filled with frothy, possibly blood-stained fluid.</li>\n<li>Typical signs of asphyxia.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Cause of Death</strong>: May result from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fec88fc386169277719326fdef547f\">neurogenic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrest</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: A method of homicidal smothering and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18034e0517169277720002aaa66d36\">traumatic</span> asphyxia.</li>\n<li><strong>Historical Context</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Named after William Burke and William Hare, who killed 16 people in the late 1820s in Edinburgh for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"116f86834a1692777181a914379270\">anatomical</span> dissection.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Method</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Victims were lured, given alcohol, and then subdued by kneeling or sitting on their chests to close their mouths and noses.</li>\n<li>One <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5935b43791692777180ffdea69fc4\">accomplice</span> would drag the victim's body, aiding in concealment. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e0548ff4a1692777199fc352dfa49\">Suffocation</span> caused by the body being compressed between two firm surfaces.</li>\n<li><strong>Common Observations</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Often seen in children.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism</strong>: Prevents normal breathing due to the physical pressure from both sides.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3645\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/8XUB5ppfOPatm64zf4Ia1735839962.png\" width=\"677\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Robert Peel; Arthur Wellesley; William Burke; William Hare; Mrs Docherty; Robert Knox; William Heath\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Burking_Poor_Old_Mrs_Constitution._Wellcome_L0019663.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1587\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/3yrFzpQbSHQfieZ51TCS1735840012.png\" width=\"797\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZPnXFHU0rZje22hUSktU1746631695.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28 y/o construction worker is trapped under a heavy beam and found unresponsive. He has deep purple discolouration above the compression point, pale skin below, and petechiae on his face and neck. He is pronounced dead at the scene. What type of asphyxia is most likely?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Traumatic Asphyxia", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Positional Asphyxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Drowning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gagging", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Traumatic Asphyxia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/495owb33jn0csxobNKhO1735839808.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/9zb2joO1IOUXuZLXZoGl1735839902.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Traumatic Asphyxia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Positional Asphyxia</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Respiratory arrest due to mechanical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"71fd4297541692777202797b7596b9\">fixation</span> of the chest by unyielding substances or external pressure. <strong>(Perthe’s syndrome)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Asphyxia results from the body being in a position that impairs breathing, often due to neck twisting or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> of the trachea.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Prevents normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"06e0403a9c16927771846fde1c53f8\">chest wall</span> movements, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> failure.</li>\n<li>Often associated with significant <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> of the chest and abdomen</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal weight compresses the diaphragm, hindering <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c6021096816927772007954fcc158\">thoracic</span> organ function and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> movement.</li>\n<li>Impaired <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> return to the heart can contribute to asphyxia.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Common Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Crowded situations leading to trampling</li>\n<li>Crushing accidents (e.g., falls of earth/stones in mines, building collapses).</li>\n<li>Heavy objects (e.g., vehicles or machinery) pressing on the body.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Physical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cff53074aa1692777197de61c598a4\">restraint</span> in a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"607476ab371692777196d0cb2f13bc\">prone</span> position (face down).</li>\n<li>Falling and wedging in a well or narrow space.</li>\n<li>Indirect <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> <strong>(jack-knife position) </strong>where thighs and knees push against the chest.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Intense <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2dd9736fdf16927771849f5a925f7d\">congestion</span> and petechial hemorrhages in the head, neck, and upper chest.</li>\n<li>Skin colour above the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> level: deep purple or purple-red; below this level: pale or mildly cyanosed.-<strong>Masque ecchymotique</strong></li>\n<li>Swelling, congestion, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> on the face, lips, and scalp.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ertok, I., Çelik, G.K., Haydar, G.E., Karakayalı, O., Yılmaz, M.U., &amp; Ersen, T. (2013). \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Review-of-Traumatic-Asphyxia-Syndrome-with-a-Case-Ertok-%C3%87elik/0f4fb84a0fbeb612e6a49fd20bec7e6e0947aa91/figure/0\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/495owb33jn0csxobNKhO1735839808.png\" width=\"272\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Marked <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2dd9736fdf16927771849f5a925f7d\">congestion</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3b66d8ec4169277718566066add68\">cyanosis</span> in the face and neck.</li>\n<li>Presence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> on the face.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/9zb2joO1IOUXuZLXZoGl1735839902.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xpGlPaQdgl161wDJRmmd1746631471.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following methods of suffocation is most commonly associated with a reflex vagal inhibition that can lead to sudden cardiac arrest?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Smothering", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Gagging", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Choking", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Café Coronary", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Café Coronary", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/6gzd0dIrxn1gc7apKdnk1735839653.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/DQX4xK0qwWmM1wxdlPeC1735839694.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:670px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Methods of Suffocation</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Smothering</strong></h4>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/6gzd0dIrxn1gc7apKdnk1735839653.png\" width=\"1000\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Closing the nose and mouth using hands or foreign substances (e.g., mud, cloth).</li>\n<li><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>External</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd5d862f051692777194647422e1c9\">Pallor</span> may be present around the mouth/nose, pressure marks, distinct nail marks, petechiae, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87fe0f103316927771851931d55a3a\">contusion</span> on the inner lip, and stains on the bedding.</li>\n<li><strong>Internal</strong>: Potential internal organ haemorrhages.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Gagging </strong><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></h4>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"M. ChauhanM. PradhanC. BeheraA. AggrawalS. NaagarT.D. Dogra\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Gag-Deadens-but-doesn't-Mute-the-Crime%3A-a-Case-of-Tyagi-Kumar-Vashisht/0f0ac04c22613b3091dfdd840ee9dab6c9a6d09b\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/DQX4xK0qwWmM1wxdlPeC1735839694.png\" width=\"4017\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">Asphyxia</span> caused by a cloth or material obstructing the mouth and nose.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism</strong>: A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9859613acd1692777187a2aaacae71\">gag</span> can block the pharynx, initially allowing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31c5d0e75f16927771938d8e2daa4c\">nasal</span> airflow. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39f44b27bf169277719416f29a74ee\">Obstruction</span> worsens due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b0184a84d16927771981289924c2a\">saliva</span> and mucus, leading to complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">airway</span> blockage.</li>\n<li><strong>Symptoms</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Facial congestion.</li>\n<li>Fine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> on the face, sclerae, and conjunctivae.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Intent</strong>: Always homicidal.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Choking</strong></h4>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">Airway</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39f44b27bf169277719416f29a74ee\">obstruction</span> due to an object lodged in the hypopharynx.</li>\n<li><strong>Accidental Choking</strong>: Often occurs during meals, especially while laughing or crying; vomited matter may be inhaled under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fa5fbbb509169277719078b91cffd9\">intoxication</span> or unconsciousness.</li>\n<li><strong>Immediate Symptoms</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">Acute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> distress; complications may develop later.</li>\n<li><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Thickened <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7056fd87c916927771872a0a0c6ece\">epiglottis</span> and folds</li>\n<li>Mucus accumulation in the throat.</li>\n<li>Lungs exhibit <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c786e441741692777190f1b32162c2\">interalveolar</span> oedema, congestion, and haemorrhages.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Café Coronary</strong></h4>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Sudden collapse and death while eating, often in intoxicated individuals.</li>\n<li><strong>Symptoms</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Cyanosis and violent coughing.</li>\n<li>Collapse without significant distress.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Cause of Death</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">Reflex</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> leading to sudden <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrest; high blood alcohol content anaesthetises the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9859613acd1692777187a2aaacae71\">gag</span> reflex. A poorly chewed food <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d138d554c16927771835be732558c\">bolus</span> may obstruct the larynx.</li>\n<li><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39f44b27bf169277719416f29a74ee\">Obstruction</span> may be found in the mouth, larynx, or trachea, with food particles in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab75ea330616927771938a64f8ebd6\">mucus</span> in the trachea/bronchi, differentiating from cases of post-mortem oesophagal food forcing. Signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">asphyxia</span> may be absent.</li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Treatment: Heimlich Maneuver</strong>: Stand behind the patient, interlock fingers, and apply pressure to the stomach.</h4>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Kq9cSIvjogpPBQUXa4G71739545001.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35 y/o man is found unresponsive in his apartment. The scene suggests possible asphyxia due to a hanging. Upon examination, the forensic team notes several physical findings. Which of the following findings would most likely not be observed in this case of asphyxial death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tardieu spots", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bright red discolouration of the skin", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cyanosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Congestion of viscera", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Bright red discolouration of the skin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/BGjjrnKxdmZC0zzKgxye1735838603.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/TvCBAvCg5jiDGxe3D5gw1746630665.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following findings is most characteristic of ligature strangulation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Distinct bruising of subcutaneous tissues beneath the ligature", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Presence of Tardieu's spots primarily on the chest and abdomen", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Significant cervical vertebrae fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Absence of postmortem staining above the ligature", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Distinct bruising of subcutaneous tissues beneath the ligature", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Finding</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Face</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Congested, swollen, and cyanosed.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Tardieu's spots (petechiae) on the forehead, temples, eyelids, and conjunctiva. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Prominent eyes with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8edfbdf9211692777184ea95263168\">congested</span> conjunctiva, dilated pupils, and possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"335f16a33c16927771992f5c55bc4d\">subconjunctival</span> haemorrhages.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Cyanosis of lips, fingernails, and earlobes.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Postmortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> above the ligature. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Swollen, dark-coloured, protruding tongue, possibly bitten.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Bloodstained frothy fluid and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab75ea330616927771938a64f8ebd6\">mucus</span> in mouth and nostrils.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Neck</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ligature mark ('furrow'): well-defined groove, typically the same <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> as the ligature, often horizontal.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>More prominent on the front and sides of the neck.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Red base with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8edfbdf9211692777184ea95263168\">congested</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dbd45d28f31692777186226570e867\">ecchymosed</span> margins; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"522f9728161692777189dac58f3dfd\">imprint</span> pattern may be present.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Can be indistinct if the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> is soft; it may appear as a deep <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21ee3a5f911692777188099a3310c4\">groove</span> with a narrow cord ('cheese cutter method').</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>May show an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd88c7c9741692777194fe0cc9abaa\">oblique</span> appearance if the victim was dragged post-strangulation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Other Body Parts</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Deep, prominent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Involuntary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> and faecal matter; less common seminal ejaculation.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Clenched hands; possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e919a208b16927771885d9c1f6662\">genital</span> turgidity.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Possible abrasions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5089296e801692777202c49d61e9f4\">fingernail</span> marks, and contusions on face, and arms, indicating struggle.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Horizontal, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> abrasions on the neck may indicate attempts to remove ligature.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:657px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hanging</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Strangulation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Face</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Usually, pale, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> are less common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Congested, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0e7b4cc771692777191d9238fdce1\">livid</span> with petechiae</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Tongue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3d212ebd316927771996e0c472d4a\">swelling</span> and protrusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Less marked</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More marked</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bleeding from nose, ears, mouth</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Less common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Ligature mark ('furrow')</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Direction</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Continuity</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Level in the neck</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Base</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Oblique</li>\n<li>Noncontinuous</li>\n<li>Above thyroid</li>\n<li>Pale, hard, parchment-like</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Transverse</li>\n<li>Continuous</li>\n<li>Below thyroid</li>\n<li>Soft and reddish</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Abrasions and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8ae06fb05116927771863f729ea53c\">ecchymoses</span> about the edges of the mark</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Not common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Involuntary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f789a76331692777202a90df3adb4\">feces</span> and urine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Less common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Involuntary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> of seminal fluid</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Less common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bruising of neck muscles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Less common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Subcutaneous tissue under the mark</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>White, hard, glistening</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Ecchymosed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hyoid bone fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>May occur</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Uncommon</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Thyroid fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Unlikely</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Larynx and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ebd78bd471692777200ede69e8ed1\">trachea</span> fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Unlikely</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>May be found</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Emphysematous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc2efe08081692777183a5a07d6101\">bullae</span> on lungs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sometimes present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Very common</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Carotid arteries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Damage may be seen in the intima</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Rare</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Design</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>History of previous unsuccessful attempts of suicide may be available</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>No such history is available</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Signs of struggle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Always present, unless taken unaware</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/YoOvWn8DEexjYudTYEsm1746631259.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45 y/o man is found unconscious in an alley with marks around his neck suggesting strangulation. The police suspect the use of a ligature tightened rapidly with a lever. Which of the following types of strangulation best describes this scenario?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Throttling", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mugging", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Bansdola", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Garroting", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Garroting", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/B3xW8h7OyWv16KEh0vH01735839146.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cgFz3mSBN57mWmlLnJ8r1735839193.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Manual Strangulation (Throttling) </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> of the victim's neck using fingers, palms, or hands.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>About 50% of deaths result from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> due to pressure on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8593e48e0416927771834eaedb0bfd\">carotid</span> nerve plexus.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Pressure needs to be applied for at least 2 minutes for death to occur.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Mugging </strong><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves compressing the victim's neck using the bend of the elbow or knee.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Typically a surprise attack from behind, often leaving minimal injury marks.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Also known as a \"chokehold,\" which is prohibited in wrestling due to its danger.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bansdola </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/B3xW8h7OyWv16KEh0vH01735839146.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A brutal method using a bamboo stick or similar object to crush the neck.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Involves tying sticks across the neck or pressing a foot or knee against the throat while lying down.</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Leaves a distinct <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> across the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ebd78bd471692777200ede69e8ed1\">trachea</span> corresponding to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> of the object used.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Garroting</strong><strong> (Option D)</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Underwood &amp; Underwood\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"OPEN ACESS\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garrote_Execution_-_1901.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"342\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/cgFz3mSBN57mWmlLnJ8r1735839193.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Uses a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> that is tightened by twisting with a lever (<strong>Spanish windlass</strong>).</li>\n<li>Causes rapid loss of consciousness and collapse.</li>\n<li>Historically, it has been used as a method of execution in countries like Spain, Portugal, and Turkey.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hLUXRoEyiaHRbqMEy86X1746539150.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is a common characteristic of sexual asphyxia that differentiates it from judicial hanging?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Intent to cause death", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Use of elaborate setups and self-release mechanisms", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Resulting cervical spine fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Presence of distinct ligature marks", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Use of elaborate setups and self-release mechanisms", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:563px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Asphyxia Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Both involve <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">asphyxia</span> caused by a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> around the neck.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>External Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May include a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> mark, cyanosis, and petechiae.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">Asphyxia</span> (Autoerotic Asphyxia) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Judicial Hanging </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Intent </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Achieve sexual gratification; death is accidental.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Capital punishment; is intended to cause death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Execution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Involves elaborate setups, bondage, and self-release mechanisms. <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Highly controlled; specific <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"98a26a969a169277719066f5ac85ea\">knot</span> placement (submental) and calculated drop height.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually less severe; <strong>aims to induce <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a249eeb5551692777189661d39c1b2\">hypoxia</span> without fatal damage</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Designed to cause rapid death through forceful <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> spine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> (hangman‘s fracture-spondylolisthesis of C2 over C3).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Ligature Mark </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May be less prominent due to padding; often not distinctive.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically distinct, located below the chin or ear.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cervical Spine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rarely occurs.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A <strong>hallmark feature.</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Scene Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Evidence of sexual activity is often present.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Takes place in a controlled environment; no signs of sexual activity.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aYGjnz9lOOf5OddcJRc61746631047.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30 y/o male is brought to the emergency department after being found hanging from a ceiling fan. On physical examination, which of the following findings is most indicative of antemortem hanging?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Protrusion of the tongue", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Dribbling of saliva", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Subconjunctival hemorrhages", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Blue lips and oral mucous membrane", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Dribbling of saliva", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/nq0eOHkkneeRslrESEY11735839059.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Finding</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Face </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Swollen and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7fe6b1949b16927771852c56e807f5\">cyanosed</span> due to impaired <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> return.</li>\n<li>Prominent eyeballs from increased pressure.</li>\n<li>Dilated pupils (indicative of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> hanging).</li>\n<li>Subconjunctival hemorrhages.</li>\n<li>Protrusion and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3d212ebd316927771996e0c472d4a\">swelling</span> of the tongue may show bite marks and small hemorrhages.</li>\n<li>Bleeding from nose and/or ears.</li>\n<li>Blue lips and oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membranes.</li>\n<li>Dribbling of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b0184a84d16927771981289924c2a\">saliva</span> indicates excessive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3c45b71f616927771983a1da80a25\">salivation</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> pressure (indicative of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> hanging). <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Neck </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ligature mark ('furrow') typically above the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e441c1e2d16927771892158232a2c\">hyoid</span> bone; size/shape depends on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> material.</li>\n<li>The skin at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> site is initially pale, later yellowish-brown, dry, and parchment-like.</li>\n<li>Postmortem blisters may appear on the skin near the furrow.</li>\n<li>Neck veins above the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27efa994461692777203a9c1696153\">furrow</span> may be distended.</li>\n<li>The neck becomes slender and elongated due to suspension.</li>\n<li>Flexed neck to the side opposite the knot.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Other Body Parts </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tardieu's spots on the forehead, eyelids, conjunctiva, and temples.</li>\n<li>Cyanosis of fingernails.</li>\n<li>Purple <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> in lower limbs (glove and stocking pattern).</li>\n<li>Clenched hands.</li>\n<li>Penile turgidity and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42b110efe11692777190ea5720c867\">involuntary</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"613e5acf29169277719839af208a78\">semen</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> in males.</li>\n<li>Involuntary fecal and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> in both sexes.</li>\n<li>Signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">asphyxia</span> may be absent in complete hanging.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8NdqMsmMUMNfmJfC3Oea1739544286.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic team is called to investigate a case of judicial hanging in an obese individual. The victim was found suspended from a significant height with the knot positioned at the back of the neck. During the autopsy, a transverse tear in the carotid artery is observed, consistent with a long drop hanging. Which of the following findings is most likely associated with this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Dribbling of saliva", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ligature marks", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Amussat's Sign", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Simon's Sign", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Amussat's Sign", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/X4GoWdzCD43C9KfYQyEj1735838813.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RZdcIUQ4xTDubuJrcFc51735838901.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/oWHJZTqSdvyer4N54QUH1735838960.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5TqBFE6syGQjEXVkF87Y1739544154.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is NOT a cause of early death in hanging?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Asphyxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Brain Infarction", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Venous Congestion", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Reflex Vagal Inhibition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Brain Infarction", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/XDdsgQMzWPuZL3EurawF1739543921.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following neck structure compressed with their respective pressures needed to cause death in hanging. 1.Jugular Veins a) 10 kg 2.Carotid Arteries b) 30 kg 3.Trachea c) 2 kg 4.Vertebral Arteries d) 15 kg", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Neck structure compressed</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Compression Pressure</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Result</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Jugular Veins</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>2 kg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Venous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2dd9736fdf16927771849f5a925f7d\">congestion</span> leading to cessation of cerebral circulation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Carotid Arteries</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>2.5 - 10 kg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Cerebral anemia/ anoxia</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Trachea</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15 kg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Asphyxia</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Vertebral Arteries</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>8 - 30 kg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Cerebral anemia/ anoxia</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZO4aMD2QpgSoQ07UecOp1739543814.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In which type of hanging is the knot positioned at the nape of the neck?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incomplete Hanging", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Typical Hanging", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Atypical Hanging", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Near-Hanging", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Typical Hanging", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/jOepD1dE8Da5AncYHvRB1735838723.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hRjdIGvQnH9gzx4cj4IR1746630849.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 28 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "An autopsy was conducted on a male with a history of drowning. No water was found in his lungs, and he was labeled a case of dry drowning. What is the cause of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Asphyxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Vagal inhibition", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Laryngospasm", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Ventricular fibrillation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Laryngospasm", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"06123ff61a1692777182e19b790ebc\">atypical</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dry <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>In dry drowning, water does not enter the lungs due to<strong> laryngeal spasms</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3063c1d8b169277719018bf869980\">induced</span> by small amounts of water entering the larynx.</li>\n<li>Cause of death: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">Reflex</span> <strong>cardiac arrest</strong> due to <strong>vasovagal stimulation</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immersion syndrome (Cold water drowning)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It refers to<strong> syncope</strong> resulting from <strong>cardiac arrhythmias</strong> on sudden</li>\n<li>contact with water that is at least <strong>5°C lower</strong> than the body temperature.</li>\n<li>Also called <strong>hydrocution </strong>or <strong>submersion inhibition</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Near <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong>(<strong>post-immersion syndrome or secondary drowning)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Near <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> refers to <strong>survival beyond 24 hours</strong> after a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"add1ce48501692777199e24a617b0c\">submersion</span> episode.</li>\n<li>Death is caused by complications or sequelae like ARDS, pneumonia, sepsis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and DIC.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Freshwater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seawater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cause of death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ventricular fibrillation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac arrest </strong>due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"104c254ce81692777203458937f730\">fulminant</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> edema.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Changes in blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemodilution</strong>, hyponatremia, <strong>hyperkalemia, hypochloremia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemoconcentration</strong>, <strong>hypernatremia</strong>, hypovolemia, <strong>hypochloremia</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lungs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pinkish</strong> in colour, <strong>emphysematous</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purplish </strong>or<strong> bluish colour</strong>, <strong>soft </strong>in consistency, no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard.</p>\n<p><strong>Copious fluid</strong> and <strong>froth</strong> are seen.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatal period</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4-5 minutes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8-12 minutes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A girl was found deceased in a lake, and her body was retrieved. Which of the following is false regarding ante-mortem drowning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Water in the stomach", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Froth on nose and mouth", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "No mud and vegetation in the respiratory tract", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Cadaveric spasm in hand muscle", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. No mud and vegetation in the respiratory tract", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Freshwater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seawater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cause of death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ventricular fibrillation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac arrest </strong>due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"104c254ce81692777203458937f730\">fulminant</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> edema.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Changes in blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemodilution</strong>, hyponatremia, <strong>hyperkalemia, hypochloremia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemoconcentration</strong>, <strong>hypernatremia</strong>, hypovolemia, <strong>hypochloremia</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lungs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pinkish</strong> in colour, <strong>emphysematous</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purplish </strong>or<strong> bluish colour</strong>, <strong>soft </strong>in consistency, no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard.</p>\n<p><strong>Copious fluid</strong> and <strong>froth</strong> are seen.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatal period</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4-5 minutes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8-12 minutes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the type of homicide:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Mugging", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Burking", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Garrotting", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Bansdola", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Burking", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/RtoW016uMkrMbHsU7YMR1747391223.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/RtoW016uMkrMbHsU7YMR1747391223.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer B - Burking\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is this finding suggestive of?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Drowning after organophosphate poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Antemortem drowning", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Drowning after arsenic poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "None of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Antemortem drowning", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/EP57ku4INWHf0oQm5w7D1746706069.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Freshwater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seawater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cause of death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ventricular fibrillation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac arrest </strong>due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"104c254ce81692777203458937f730\">fulminant</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> edema.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Changes in blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemodilution</strong>, hyponatremia, <strong>hyperkalemia, hypochloremia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemoconcentration</strong>, <strong>hypernatremia</strong>, hypovolemia, <strong>hypochloremia</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lungs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pinkish</strong> in colour, <strong>emphysematous</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purplish </strong>or<strong> bluish colour</strong>, <strong>soft </strong>in consistency, no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard.</p>\n<p><strong>Copious fluid</strong> and <strong>froth</strong> are seen.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatal period</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4-5 minutes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8-12 minutes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is seen in freshwater drowning? A. Haemodilution B. Hypokalemia C. Hyponatremia D. Arrhythmia", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A, B, C &amp;amp; D", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "A, B &amp;amp; C", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "B, C &amp;amp; D", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A, C &amp;amp; D", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. A, C &amp; D", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Freshwater Drowning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Seawater Drowning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pathophysiology</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haemodilution </strong><strong>(Statement A)</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">Inhalation</span> increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9b690b70c16927771833aae799b33\">blood volume</span> by 50%, causing anemia, hemolysis, and myocardial hypoxia.</li>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte Changes</strong>: Marked <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44b22766411692777189eb80d6416e\">hyponatremia</span> <strong>(Statement C)</strong><strong> </strong>and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8bf09336411692777189d1a79bf6a5\">hyperkalemia</span> <strong>(Statement B ruled out)</strong>; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> decrease leads to arrhythmias. <strong>(Statement D)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Surfactant Dysfunction</strong>: Freshwater denatures the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e42f69176a1692777199d38657a9c3\">surfactant</span> which causes alveolar collapse and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema.</li>\n<li><strong>Cardiac Load</strong>: Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e0552462e16927771871413861fb7\">electrolyte</span> imbalances decrease <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> output and cause hypotension.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haemoconcentration</strong>: High salinity (≥3% NaCl) draws water into the lungs, causing severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema and elevated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0e40688fa169277719572bdb48c92\">plasma</span> sodium.</li>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte Changes</strong>: Increased blood <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2313fc54841692777202a008c72950\">viscosity</span> leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c933e533971692777183b764d960d0\">bradycardia</span> and myocardial failure; altered <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> and sodium levels(hypernatremia)</li>\n<li><strong>Red Cell Changes</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b4a7e29a61692777185bfbd695997\">Crenation</span> of red blood cells impairs oxygen transport.</li>\n<li><strong>Myocardial Anoxia</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">Asphyxia</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> stress results in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a249eeb5551692777189661d39c1b2\">hypoxia</span> and potential arrest.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lung characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Size</strong>: Ballooned but light; pale pink colour; emphysematous consistency.</li>\n<li><strong>Shape after Removal</strong>: Retained, no collapse; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> with little froth and no fluid.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Size</strong>: Ballooned and heavy; purplish or bluish colour; soft, jelly-like consistency.</li>\n<li><strong>Shape after Removal</strong>: Flattened; no crepitus; copious fluid and froth.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal period</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Death typically occurs within 4-5 minutes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Death may take 8-10 minutes.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "You are posted as an intern in casualty when an MLC (Medico-Legal Case) is brought by the police. The deceased has the following appearance and was declared brought dead. What is the likely cause of death before sending the body for postmortem?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Drowning", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hanging", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Strangulation", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Traumatic asphyxia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Drowning", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/Xkw1EQl3dzKtVfDAvPto1746453030.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Freshwater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Seawater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cause of death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ventricular fibrillation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac arrest </strong>due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"104c254ce81692777203458937f730\">fulminant</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> edema.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Changes in blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemodilution</strong>, hyponatremia, <strong>hyperkalemia, hypochloremia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemoconcentration</strong>, <strong>hypernatremia</strong>, hypovolemia, <strong>hypochloremia</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lungs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pinkish</strong> in colour, <strong>emphysematous</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purplish </strong>or<strong> bluish colour</strong>, <strong>soft </strong>in consistency, no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2483707fe9169277718541a169f5b4\">crepitus</span> is heard.</p>\n<p><strong>Copious fluid</strong> and <strong>froth</strong> are seen.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatal period</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4-5 minutes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8-12 minutes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Types of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"06123ff61a1692777182e19b790ebc\">atypical</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dry <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>In dry drowning, water does not enter the lungs due to<strong> laryngeal spasms</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3063c1d8b169277719018bf869980\">induced</span> by small amounts of water entering the larynx.</li>\n<li>Cause of death: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">Reflex</span> <strong>cardiac arrest</strong> due to <strong>vasovagal stimulation</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immersion syndrome (Cold water drowning)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It refers to<strong> syncope</strong> resulting from <strong>cardiac arrhythmias</strong> on sudden</li>\n<li>contact with water that is at least <strong>5°C lower</strong> than the body temperature.</li>\n<li>Also called <strong>hydrocution </strong>or <strong>submersion inhibition</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Near <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> </strong>(<strong>post-immersion syndrome or secondary drowning)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Near <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> refers to <strong>survival beyond 24 hours</strong> after a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"add1ce48501692777199e24a617b0c\">submersion</span> episode.</li>\n<li>Death is caused by complications or sequelae like ARDS, pneumonia, sepsis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and DIC.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 31-year-old man was found dead at home and brought to the mortuary by the police. Upon examination, certain findings were noted. What is the likely cause of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Strangulation by ligature", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hanging", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Throttling", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Drowning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Strangulation by ligature", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/5k79MHGQo6YeAEvlzJOe1746454394.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Finding</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Face</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Congested, swollen, and cyanosed.</li>\n<li>Tardieu's spots (petechiae) on the forehead, temples, eyelids, and conjunctiva.</li>\n<li>Prominent eyes with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8edfbdf9211692777184ea95263168\">congested</span> conjunctiva, dilated pupils, and possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"335f16a33c16927771992f5c55bc4d\">subconjunctival</span> haemorrhages.</li>\n<li>Cyanosis of lips, fingernails, and earlobes.</li>\n<li>Postmortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> above the ligature.</li>\n<li>Swollen, dark-coloured, protruding tongue, possibly bitten.</li>\n<li>Bloodstained frothy fluid and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab75ea330616927771938a64f8ebd6\">mucus</span> in mouth and nostrils.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Neck</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ligature mark ('furrow'): well-defined groove, typically the same <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> as the ligature, often horizontal.</li>\n<li>More prominent on the front and sides of the neck.</li>\n<li>Red base with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8edfbdf9211692777184ea95263168\">congested</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dbd45d28f31692777186226570e867\">ecchymosed</span> margins; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"522f9728161692777189dac58f3dfd\">imprint</span> pattern may be present.</li>\n<li>Can be indistinct if the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> is soft; it may appear as a deep <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21ee3a5f911692777188099a3310c4\">groove</span> with a narrow cord ('cheese cutter method').</li>\n<li>May show an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd88c7c9741692777194fe0cc9abaa\">oblique</span> appearance if the victim was dragged post-strangulation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Other Body Parts</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Deep, prominent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining.</li>\n<li>Involuntary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> and faecal matter; less common seminal ejaculation.</li>\n<li>Clenched hands; possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e919a208b16927771885d9c1f6662\">genital</span> turgidity.</li>\n<li>Possible abrasions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5089296e801692777202c49d61e9f4\">fingernail</span> marks, and contusions on face, and arms, indicating struggle.</li>\n<li>Horizontal, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> abrasions on the neck may indicate attempts to remove ligature.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Hanging</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Strangulation by ligature</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Face </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Usually, <strong>pale</strong> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> are absent.</li>\n<li>Swelling and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08b787c5a41692777196c0e16b3805\">protrusion</span> of the tongue is less.</li>\n<li><strong>Saliva dripping </strong>is seen.</li>\n<li>Bleeding from the nose, mouth and ears are absent.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Congested</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0e7b4cc771692777191d9238fdce1\">livid</span> and <strong>marked with petechiae</strong>.</li>\n<li>Swelling and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08b787c5a41692777196c0e16b3805\">protrusion</span> of the tongue are <strong>more marked.</strong></li>\n<li>Saliva is absent.</li>\n<li><strong>Bleeding</strong> from the <strong>nose, mouth</strong> and <strong>ears</strong> is commonly seen.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ligature mark</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>oblique</strong> and does <strong>not completely</strong> encircle the neck.</li>\n<li>It is usually seen <strong>high up</strong> in the neck between the chin and larynx.</li>\n<li>The base is <strong>hard</strong> and <strong>pale</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>transverse</strong>, <strong>completely encircling</strong> the neck.</li>\n<li>It is seen <strong>below the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"799202e6fe16927772009a1501b0a8\">thyroid</span> cartilage</strong>.</li>\n<li>The base is <strong>soft </strong>and <strong>reddish</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Abrasions and ecchymoses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>At the edges of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> marks are rare<strong>.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>At the edges of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> marks are <strong>common</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subcutaneous tissue and neck muscles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> tissue is <strong>white, hard</strong> and <strong>glistening </strong>under the mark.</li>\n<li>Bruising of the neck muscles is rare.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> tissue shows <strong>severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02316c22e31692777187878aa0e0f7\">engorgement</span> </strong>and <strong>haemorrhage</strong> into tissues in and <strong>above the area </strong>compressed.</li>\n<li>Bruising of the neck muscles is <strong>more common.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bone and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6f61cdbe41692777183fdc8f95f96\">cartilage</span> involvement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fracture of the <strong>hyoid bone</strong> may occur.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fracture of the<strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"799202e6fe16927772009a1501b0a8\">thyroid</span> cartilage, larynx</strong> and <strong>trachea</strong> is more common.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lungs </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc2efe08081692777183a5a07d6101\">bullae</span> are seen on the surface of the lungs.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Emphysematous bullae</strong> are commonly seen on the surface of the lungs.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carotid artery</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Damage may be seen.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Damage is rare.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Involuntary discharge</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Faeces and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> are less common.</li>\n<li><strong>Seminal discharge</strong> is more common.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Faeces</strong> and<strong> urine</strong> are more common.</li>\n<li>Seminal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> is rare.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 17 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A 40-year-old male was found shot dead in a parking lot. Forensic examination revealed that the cause of death was a shotgun injury. Considering the type of injury, what is the probable range of the shot?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "&amp;lt;1 metre", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-2 metres", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "2-4 metres", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "&amp;gt;4 metres", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. &lt;1 metre", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/6vSaVlcxkn5l1DukWAFw1736274232.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ofBfTxhPfcWOa2gIBBff1736274288.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IFhB8zyWSvFIg1SorY9M1736274340.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/OEh5XN0PeNrSfxm7OUtq1736274358.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Shooting Range</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Range</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Wound Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contact shot</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Muzzle in direct contact</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular entry wound with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a36e89561c16927771933be65f4967\">muzzle</span> imprint, severe tissue damage, blackening, and burning of the wound edges. Cherry-red tissue due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb021d26d3169277718336718849a5\">carbon monoxide</span> absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Close-shot (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>&lt; 1 meter</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular or elliptical entry wound with <strong>blackening, burning, tattooing, singeing of hair, and cherry-red tissue</strong> discolouration due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb021d26d3169277718336718849a5\">carbon monoxide</span> absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Short-range (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>1-2 meters</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular 4-5 cm wound (Rat hole) with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> borders, no blackening, burning, or tattooing.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intermediate shot (Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>2-4 meters</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> wound surrounded by multiple satellite wounds.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distant shot (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>&gt; 4 meters</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The entry wound fades, leaving multiple small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f8b73c2b51692777195a76ca589cf\">pellet</span> wounds.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/EOYmK67IkLoAt2hjrxSX1746885559.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old laborer was involved in an explosion at a chemical plant caused by a faulty pressure valve. Rescued from a confined space, he arrived at the emergency department with respiratory distress and injuries shown in the image. What type of injury describes this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Primary blast injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Secondary blast injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "tertiary blast injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Quatenary blast injury", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Quatenary blast injury", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/3PXcQCwurRTrur7tYeLF1736276874.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:763px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Caused by </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary blast injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blast waves</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Commonly internal with no external signs.</li>\n<li><strong>Ears:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"391176370016927772011d1b8315bc\">Tympanic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> rupture</li>\n<li><strong>Lungs:</strong> Alveolar, capillary, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4642acfc0c16927771880b34fa5174\">hemorrhage</span> leading to blast lung (most common causes of death among survivors)</li>\n<li><strong>GIT:</strong> Vomiting, melena, hematemesis, perforation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Secondary blast injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shrapnel, debris &amp; flying objects (propelled by explosion)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Penetrating trauma</li>\n<li><strong>Marshall triad: Includes bruises, abrasions, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77074d46b51692777196747de93965\">punctate</span> lacerations.</strong></li>\n<li>Thoracic injuries</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tertiary blast injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Victims are thrown against solid objects by blast winds</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Blunt or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55b31d659b16927771958a15837b10\">penetrating</span> trauma.</li>\n<li>Bone fractures and coup-countercoup injury.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quaternary blast injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Environmental contaminants, chemicals, radiations (nuclear bomb), virus and bacteria</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Flash burns, crush injuries</li>\n<li>Fall resulting from the explosion</li>\n<li>Traumatic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">asphyxia</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> injuries</li>\n<li>Psychiatric injury</li>\n<li>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LCBbK7GOGFMcHteFchDq1739850842.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old male diver is brought to the emergency department after an underwater explosion and complains of severe abdominal pain, nausea, and difficulty breathing. Physical examination reveals tenderness in the abdomen. Which organ is most commonly injured in this patient due to the underwater blast?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lungs", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Stomach", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Colon", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Small intestine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Colon", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Z3VihBlgpmWq4TM4Ng241739850957.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male construction worker was involved in a workplace explosion. Positioned near the blast's epicenter, he was swiftly taken to the emergency department with multiple injuries, including punctate abrasions, contusions, and lacerations as depicted in the image. What type of blast injury is most likely in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Primary injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Secondary injury", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Tertiary injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Quaternary injury", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Secondary injury", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/RC1lkRhG09uTotp744LK1735891549.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bJnBaBb5ZIxqeM82FYAe1735891446.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:641px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It results from blast waves and is often internal with no external signs.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ears:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"391176370016927772011d1b8315bc\">Tympanic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b8deb0fe1692777190df5ce46525\">inner ear</span> disruption.</li>\n<li><strong>Lungs: Alveolar-capillary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> haemorrhage (blast lung), most common cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> in survivors.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>GIT:</strong> Injuries to gas-filled organs are more common in underwater blasts.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Secondary Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is resulting from shrapnel, debris &amp; flying objects (propelled by explosion).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Penetrating trauma.</li>\n<li><strong>The characteristic Marshall triad, which includes bruises, abrasions, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77074d46b51692777196747de93965\">punctate</span> lacerations, is evident.</strong></li>\n<li>Commonly cause severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c6021096816927772007954fcc158\">thoracic</span> injuries, including lacerations of the heart and great vessels.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tertiary Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Victims are thrown against solid objects by blast winds.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Blunt/Penetrating trauma.</li>\n<li>Includes bone fractures and coup-contrecoup injuries.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quaternary Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Encompass all other injuries not classified above</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flash burns</strong> from extreme heat.</li>\n<li><strong>Crush injuries</strong> and falls due to explosions.</li>\n<li><strong>Respiratory injuries</strong> from toxic dust, gases, or radiation exposure.</li>\n<li><strong>Psychiatric issues,</strong> such as <strong>post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),</strong> may affect individuals even if they are physically unharmed.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Qs0ufzzBHpGT5AP53f1R1739851097.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In the forensic analysis of cranial fractures, Puppe's Rule is applied to determine the sequence of impacts. According to this rule, when two fracture lines intersect ,as shown below, what can be inferred about their relationship?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The line that ends at the intersection is the newer injury.", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "The second fracture line crosses the first line.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Both fracture lines are of equal age.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Crossing fracture indicates a higher velocity impact.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. The line that ends at the intersection is the newer injury.", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/5BpXvSlUKVFMfzI4HbXx1735890687.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/2UpHyBQO327nHs7LYMqJ1735890545.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dQ10qQffHAcWUotjEfI11735889076.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ns8AKcr2qDtkayRfTUg11748345682.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old male was found dead in an abandoned warehouse due to a shotgun wound to the chest. Analysis indicated that the shotgun pellets caused an effect where multiple pellets, fired from a high range, impacted the same area, leading to significant damage and a larger wound channel. What effect is being described here?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Billiard ball effect", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Balling effect", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rayalseena phenomenon", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Kennedy phenomenon", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Balling effect", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/7kuMFXqwEJMVuZgSfw1E1735888586.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:650px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Billiard ball effect </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Billiard Ball Ricochet Effect) </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Balling or welding</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>When shotgun pellets enter tissue, the first pellets slow down and are <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"245a3ccb7d1692777199d7e110a947\">struck</span> from behind by subsequent pellets, causing them to scatter through the tissue like a cluster of billiard balls hit by the cue ball.</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1999\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/7kuMFXqwEJMVuZgSfw1E1735888586.png\" width=\"1999\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>In distant shots, the pellets can merge into a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8b985e4811692777184848b0cab5d\">compact</span> mass, causing the lead shots to stick together and create a larger entry wound while exhibiting some dispersion.<br/>\n\t\t\tIt occurs due to:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Faulty manufacture (too much powder, poor pressure of wads,paraffin into cartridge case)</li>\n<li>Old ammunition</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Very high <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aff8304142169277718661b3b8980a\">dispersion</span> (due to resistance)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less dispersion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Low range (near shot resembles distant range)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>High range (wound mimics <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf8f491dba169277719075ce2b5594\">intermediate</span> shot)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/oBaqaLnteuArvVQtzYs01748345489.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old male was shot during a robbery while walking home at night. The weapon used was identified as a firearm, and forensic investigators recovered a bullet from the scene, as shown in the image below. Identify it.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hollow point bullet", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Souvenir bullet", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Incendiary bullet", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dum dum bullet", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Dum dum bullet", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/90u3Fxzg9V32vq8gAsPW1735888346.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/xWKmot0BSbCqdeXpMCtp1735887365.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LjLHQxpgWibZNUUYDtaX1735888057.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/CPIIWyL3Hoi5wnsc7RSq1735887547.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Z2fESnbKVAr0CcHEQ0491735888249.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/4WR0ZFMeVBlYasXi4WJX1735887473.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6ehey7QX8PcXh0bh4b6c1735888198.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tn7aDvIGbJ4yRjCHUPC91735887263.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cmBcsdEJCET1yEi4zeBz1735887417.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2hKWmuEHG9X8QPh4STTH1735887586.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dU8pEoPzalCkAGJkfWdJ1735887911.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0uk8tUW7QrDEOIIFD4r81735887303.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/lxUjskKIT6oOR5DOtheH1735887952.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hCSrSNC2RTOPi4638Kms1735887731.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:640px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Images</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dum-dum bullet</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A jacketed bullet that leaves an area near the nose uncovered to expose the core.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/xWKmot0BSbCqdeXpMCtp1735887365.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hollow point bullet</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The modern Dum Dum bullet features a pit at the nose. Upon impact, pressure in the pit causes the lead ring to expand into a mushroom shape, resulting in increased soft tissue damage and a higher incapacitation index.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/LjLHQxpgWibZNUUYDtaX1735888057.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Soft point bullet</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A jacketed bullet with an open tip that exposes some lead inside expands upon impact but more slowly than a hollow-point bullet.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/CPIIWyL3Hoi5wnsc7RSq1735887547.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tandem bullet (Piggyback bullet)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bullets eject one after another when the first bullet fails to exit the barrel and is pushed out by a subsequently fired bullet (faulty ammunition or a firearm that hasn't been used for years).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Z2fESnbKVAr0CcHEQ0491735888249.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Duplex bullet </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It contains two projectiles by design (used in military rifles) and enters a target at different points.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"303\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/4WR0ZFMeVBlYasXi4WJX1735887473.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Frangible bullet </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Designed to fragment or disintegrate upon impact, made of copper, powdered tungsten, lead, or iron. They <strong>do not ricochet.</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"628\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/6ehey7QX8PcXh0bh4b6c1735888198.png\" width=\"1999\"/></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Souvenir or sleeping</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Bullet </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A bullet remains in the body for a long time without fresh bleeding, surrounded by a dense <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d6dfa73b316927772028f3cd60f7f\">fibrous</span> tissue capsule. It can result in lead poisoning.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Armour-piercing bullet</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A jacketed bullet (penetrates armour) with an inner core of hard, high-density metal like tungsten, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40067257821692777201a208cbed9c\">tungsten</span> carbide, depleted uranium, or steel, featuring a truncated cone.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/tn7aDvIGbJ4yRjCHUPC91735887263.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Incendiary bullet </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A type of military bullet designed to ignite a fire in the target.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"822\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/cmBcsdEJCET1yEi4zeBz1735887417.png\" width=\"1806\"/></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tracer bullet </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It leaves a visible mark or \"trace\" during flight, allowing the shooter to see where the shot impacts.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"194\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/2hKWmuEHG9X8QPh4STTH1735887586.png\" width=\"259\"/></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Nontoxic shot or Green bullet </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It replaces the copper-jacketed lead core with a copper-jacketed tungsten, steel, bismuth, tin, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d418b8fa91692777193a09dec2dca\">nylon</span> core. It does not release toxic lead (lead-free) into the environment <strong>(green bullet).</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/dU8pEoPzalCkAGJkfWdJ1735887911.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exploding bullet</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A bullet designed to detonate or break apart uses an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd9858c0bf1692777187ed886e9735\">explosive</span> or deflagrant, causing extensive damage to the victim. These bullets pose a risk to medical personnel, as they may explode during procedures if they fail to detonate in the body.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/0uk8tUW7QrDEOIIFD4r81735887303.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Boat tail bullet </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The cartridge's rear end is tapered rather than squared off to stabilise the projectile in flight.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/lxUjskKIT6oOR5DOtheH1735887952.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoned bullets </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contains curare, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"899ef715a21692777197586610e889\">ricin</span> or aflatoxin.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wadcutter </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Specifically designed for shooting paper targets at close range and high velocities.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"303\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/hCSrSNC2RTOPi4638Kms1735887731.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/34sbeO1wDES8LALfeTXl1739850578.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male was participating in a target shooting session at a local outdoor range when he accidentally fired a bullet that deflected off a metal target and struck another participant, resulting in his death. Which of the following best describes the bullet?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Yawning bullet", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ricochet bullet", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Tumbling bullet", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tandem bullet", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Ricochet bullet", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/tLCzojcOHUN7y3hAmrO01735886661.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/kwgalEaUmObw2nSCXUco1735886438.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/n1IIeXr5aNh8HO93icKQ1735886194.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7hsOvCPJYbtaC5Odmtr21735886545.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JdO0hEVIOrPnVOOAVEKk1739850208.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old male was found dead after a suspected shooting incident involving a shotgun. During the investigation, experts examined the shotgun's characteristics to determine factors affecting its range. Which of the following does not enhance the range of shotguns?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Elongated and pointed bullet", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Barrel length", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Paradox gun", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Presence of a choke", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Elongated and pointed bullet", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/mJH5dwQZ9LENjFdAjqyz1735884537.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/QNcLLB46i0lm2vKwioDJ1735884591.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Op3dUulnhMOmLdXNCvJF1735885579.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/UJa0xrGJlJYerjUKKgky1735885363.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:512px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Range </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cylindrical base (unchoked)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>25 yards</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Improved cylindrical choke</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30 yads</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Modified cylindrical choke</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>35 yards</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Full choke</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>40 yards</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LPRGBemS2Y2Kzqge8TZ31739850034.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic investigation was launched after a 20-year-old boy was found dead with a bullet in his body, showing signs of burning, blackening, and tattooing. At what distance does a shotgun produce a flame effect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "7 cm", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "15 cm", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "30 cm", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "45 cm", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 15 cm", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/56HuoDCxfoXXKpK0wRsu1736276587.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rifle </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Shotgun</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Flame </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(burning)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7 cm <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15 cm <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smoke or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d84f9df0c1692777198c9fee0fc57\">soot</span> </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(blackening)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30 cm <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>45 cm <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gunpowder </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(tattooing)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60-90 cm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60-90 cm</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/K4bDOua5rx83gmpWSEaD1739849907.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male was shot outside a nightclub late at night. Witnesses reported hearing gunshots and saw a dark sedan fleeing the scene. Police found shell casings and a bloodstained area, collecting gunshot residue (GSR) samples from the victim's hands and clothing. Which of the following is the most specific gunshot residue test?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Harrison and Gilroy test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Atomic absorption Spectrometry", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Neutron activation analysis.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "SEM-EDXA", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. SEM-EDXA", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:750px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Harrison and Gilroy test </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1304db17d3169277719684a316a8c4\">qualitative</span> calorimetric chemical test detects antimony, barium, and lead but is not specific to firearm <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> residues.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Atomic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> Spectrometry (AAS) &amp;</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Flameless atomic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"19f282a156169277719896e22ef03e\">spectrophotometry</span> (FAAS)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Uses high temperatures to vaporise <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"84433cae211692777192a484f539bc\">metallic</span> elements in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"930dac4e5e169277719605287af20d\">primer</span> residues for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"723fdec66b1692777186e92f0c6fdf\">detection</span> and quantification.</li>\n<li>Measuring antimony, barium, and lead from the primer, along with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> from the cartridge case or bullet jacketing.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neutron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> analysis</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Identifies minute traces of elements in hair, nails, soil, glass, paint, gunshot <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03b7c54a9016927771977bd980e378\">residue</span> (GSR), and drugs by detecting radioisotopes formed through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"35bafad73816927771904e162f4a70\">irradiation</span> in a nuclear reactor.</li>\n<li>Antimony and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> residues from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"930dac4e5e169277719605287af20d\">primer</span> can be found on the suspect's hand.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>SEM-EDXA (Scanning <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d416281a201692777187899c00aed8\">electron</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"51df8cdfc91692777192aa76f4de51\">microscopy</span> energy <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"461a82eca4169277718634f3309d66\">dispersive</span> X-ray analysis) </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is the most advanced tool for detecting minute traces of gunshot <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03b7c54a9016927771977bd980e378\">residue</span> (GSR) on a suspect's body, providing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1304db17d3169277719684a316a8c4\">qualitative</span> rather than <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ef5cb829b8169277719603304e73cb\">quantitative</span> analysis.</li>\n<li><strong>It is the most specific test.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dermal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">Nitrate</span> Test (Paraffin Test)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>An obsolete and non-specific method for detecting gunshot <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03b7c54a9016927771977bd980e378\">residue</span> (GSR) by identifying nitrates and nitrites on a suspect's hand</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:668px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Modified Greiss test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It uses chemicals such as alpha-naphthol to visually reveal the GSR pattern and particle density (specific for nitrites).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sodium rhodizonate reaction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects lead from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"930dac4e5e169277719605287af20d\">primer</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03b7c54a9016927771977bd980e378\">residue</span> or bullet wipe.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Energy <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"461a82eca4169277718634f3309d66\">dispersive</span> X-ray (EDX)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It detects barium, antimony, lead, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> around the entry wound in clothing and can be used to determine the range of fire.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/rH7dQ8QMqg3zQjv5jGbN1739849734.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 38-year-old female is found deceased in an urban park with a single gunshot wound to the left side of her chest. Forensic analysis suggests the shot was fired from a distance, with no evidence of close-range effects like soot, muzzle imprint, or stippling. Which of the following is a feature of the entry wound?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Fat and soft tissue expulsion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Irregular, stellate-shaped wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Presence of everted margins", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Presence of cherry red wound track", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Presence of cherry red wound track", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bOdDNQp0QFIXRbv2NQBh1736276294.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/mamwcGsYpVsQ7SenhBcg1736276329.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/D8uLRBl2adxI45DB2ukc1736276375.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/yfWAasJ9iUbP2beSFIyF1736276398.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xLkOTdyDaeFAb5haMTys1736276450.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:720px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Entry wound </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exit wound </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Size and shape</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(compared with a bullet)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, clean, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0919f0017e1692777184ac3748841f\">circular</span> wound</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large (except in contact shot), Irregular, stellate-shaped wound. <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Margins</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inverted</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Everted <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Abrasion &amp; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"920801c6451692777188d5b4c9fb2b\">Grease</span> collar</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent (except in shored exit)</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>*Shored exit: </strong>When the skin at an exit wound is supported by firm objects, tight clothing, or a body leaning against a hard surface, the wound appears as a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0919f0017e1692777184ac3748841f\">circular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"359a8718a61692777185568ac80abb\">defect</span> with an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> margin similar to an entry wound. The pattern of the overlying material may also be imprinted on the wound's edges.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Burning, blackening &amp; tattooing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skull </strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/bOdDNQp0QFIXRbv2NQBh1736276294.png\" width=\"200\"/><br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inner table: Beveled</p>\n<p>Outer table: Clean cut</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/mamwcGsYpVsQ7SenhBcg1736276329.png\" width=\"200\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inner table: Clean cut</p>\n<p>Outer table: Beveled</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"300\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/D8uLRBl2adxI45DB2ukc1736276375.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cherry-red wound track</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present (might be) <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bleeding </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fat and soft tissue expulsion </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead ring</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May be present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cloth fibres </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Turned in</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Turned out</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Spectrograph</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More metal found</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less metal found</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/yDWcsMwNqQtJ6OWEbMqO1739849562.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male was found dead in an abandoned building with no weapon at the scene. Forensic examination revealed a rifle was used. Which of the following wound characteristics is true regarding distant gunshot injury?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Presence of blackening and tattooing around the wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Presence of abrasion collar around the entry wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Clean, circular entry wound with everted edges", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Presence of multiple small pellet wounds", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Presence of abrasion collar around the entry wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/o68fRubkKrQU8lFvcQLQ1736275842.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/4yNWLJoUzuDJtXj73lr91736275952.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/lXHiqDbz8JAU6Bv2xQgI1736276001.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:727px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contact shot </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Close shot or Flame Range</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(within 2–3 inches or 5–8 cm)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Near shot</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Medium-Range or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf8f491dba169277719075ce2b5594\">Intermediate</span> Range, within 24 inches or 60 cm)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distant shot</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(&gt; 2 feet)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Muzzle impression </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Shape</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Stellate or cruciate</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"359\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/o68fRubkKrQU8lFvcQLQ1736275842.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Grease collar </strong></p>\n<p><strong>and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> collar</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Burning </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blackening </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tattooing </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/68UAbc4B7OKnENDEB1DD1739849410.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic investigator is analysing the injuries caused by a bullet at a crime scene. Which of the following best describes the study of the interaction between a projectile and its target?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Proximal Ballistics", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Intermediate Ballistics", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "External Ballistics", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Terminal Ballistics", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Terminal Ballistics", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/sLWJC6lM1uBrZdOfp5sw1735898620.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8qdYUW2rvwbS27MqYiQs1739841717.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old female is found deceased in her living room with a shotgun wound to the head. Considering the characteristics of the injury, what type of wound is this?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Close shot wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Near shot wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Intermediate shot wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Contact shot wound", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Contact shot wound", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/zrBlCaEry4UvCkQo4psp1736273683.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/JgVIVj2HKxW5ZvPMzVYp1736273785.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Xqry7a2mZfR0KtySzjv71736273871.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WFZHEsZKrJqDaKfGeLxw1736273918.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/3LMR3kTvWhmw0n81do2B1736273948.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0SQxJX2ZKrhVgzkO6r0a1736273962.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/e1hSVos5mRXYTWvkbbCE1736274136.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:664px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of shotgun wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contact</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Close</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Short/ Intermediate-range </strong><strong>(Option C, D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distant </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Entry wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cruciate/Stellate (Skull) or</p>\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rat-hole like</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Multiple small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f8b73c2b51692777195a76ca589cf\">pellet</span> wounds with the mostly dispersed entry wound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Border of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contused, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">Irregular</span> and <strong>muzzled appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clean-cut, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> or lacerated</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abraded and scalloped borders</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Irregular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blackening</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p>Present around the margins and even inside the wound.</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Burning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tattooing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Present</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Images</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"250\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/JgVIVj2HKxW5ZvPMzVYp1736273785.png\" width=\"209\"/></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"160\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Xqry7a2mZfR0KtySzjv71736273871.png\" width=\"200\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"150\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/WFZHEsZKrJqDaKfGeLxw1736273918.png\" width=\"175\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Joseph Harrington\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://www.acepnow.com/article/the-clinical-forensic-evaluation-of-gunshot-wounds-in-the-ed/acep_0122-pg20e/\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"213\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/3LMR3kTvWhmw0n81do2B1736273948.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author='\"DJ Wilks dwilks@nhs.net Y Mirza G Bourke\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/10.1308/rcsann.2014.96.5.396\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"319\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/0SQxJX2ZKrhVgzkO6r0a1736273962.png\" width=\"300\"/></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/BTR0LUfubBMNdRMRRNUB1739849080.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In a forensic investigation of a 45-year-old male found dead from a gunshot wound, the scene indicates forced entry, with the front door ajar and a bullet and shell casing collected. Which of the following are not considered primary markings on the bullet?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Diameter and width of lands and grooves", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Number of lands and grooves", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Degree of rifling twist", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Surface irregularities from barrel imperfections", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Surface irregularities from barrel imperfections", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:619px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary Markings (Class characteristics)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Secondary Markings (Individual or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> characteristics)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Determined by manufacturing specifications, design, and dimensions are most useful for identifying the make and model of the firearm involved.</li>\n<li>It consists of:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Number, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afb15e4a331692777186e495b370a1\">diameter</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> of lands and grooves<strong> </strong><strong>(Option A, B)</strong><strong> </strong></li>\n<li>Depth of grooves</li>\n<li>Direction and degree of rifling twist <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Surface irregularities</strong> <strong>(Option D)</strong> on the bullet result from imperfections in the barrel and <strong>the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2b1931a185169277718065e3fa42dd\">adhesion</span> of bullet particles to the bore during <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c2d898b0b1692777202c5d43d5e78\">firing</span> (Metallic Fouling)</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It may be <strong>identical</strong> for bullets fired by <strong>two different weapons.</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>These are different for bullets fired by two different weapons, reflecting each firearm's distinct barrel characteristics.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It's more pronounced for jacketed bullets.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is more pronounced when the grooves deeply mark the lead bullet.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tKSvWdz5H0Fjzy155ZIt1739848952.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male is found lying in the driveway with multiple gunshot wounds and is pronounced dead at the scene. Which component is responsible for the effects depicted in the wound image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Soot deposition", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Flame", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Unburnt gunpowder", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Weapon end", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Unburnt gunpowder", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bN882id7rXuTvtB9fT4h1736273459.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/fqqA41vFOOtHlgX66TTY1736273524.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:774px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Effects </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Components causing the effect</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blackening (soot or smoke soiling or smudging)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Powder <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d84f9df0c1692777198c9fee0fc57\">soot</span> (carbon) deposition <strong>(Option A) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tattooing or peppering or stippling</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unburnt or partially burnt gunpowder granules <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Burning or singeing</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flame <strong>(Option B) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/3h80dh1H9eZrQaMj9Hr01739848719.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Forensic analysis of the cartridges recovered from the crime scene of a gunshot victim reveals the presence of primers. Which of the following is not used as a component of a primer?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tetrazine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Antimony sulphide", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Barium Nitrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Mercury fulminate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Mercury fulminate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:336px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Composition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"930dac4e5e169277719605287af20d\">Primer</span> (Pneumonic- </strong><strong>BLAST</strong><strong>)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B</strong>arium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>L</strong>ead peroxide</li>\n<li><strong>A</strong>ntimony sulphide <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>S</strong>typhnate</li>\n<li><strong>T</strong>etrazine<strong> (Option A)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ooTG7P6GuGqB46fN8ADR1739848567.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old male is found deceased in his apartment with a gunshot wound, and police find a firearm at the scene, along with traces of smokeless gunpowder on the victim's hands. What is the composition of single-base smokeless gunpowder?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Nitroguanidine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Nitroglycerine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Potassium nitrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Nitrocellulose", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Nitrocellulose", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bcSvtUSyLJ1DMnlqt4CX1736273333.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ciWzN7JDMJMB9UopheEL1739848468.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency with severe burns and injuries after an accidental explosion while handling fireworks. Which of the following statements are true regarding the type of gunpowder commonly used in fireworks? Produces less smoke compared to newer gun powders Produces more heat and flame while burning 1gm of this powder produces 3000cc of gas It contains only Sulphur and Charcoal It is used in the composition of Semi smokeless gunpowder", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 4, 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "2, 4, 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "2, 3, 5", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 2, 3, 5", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/qgwY0P9MwI8fEAyTN8NC1736228289.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:683px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of gunpowder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Black powder </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smokeless powder </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Semi smokeless </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Composition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium nitrate</p>\n<p>Charcoal</p>\n<p>Sulphur</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Consists of Nitrocellulose, Nitroglycerine, and Nitroguanidine</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<p><strong>80% Black powder</strong></p>\n<p><strong>+</strong></p>\n<p><strong>20% Smokeless powder</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gas produced per <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0347e3a7a1692777188cf90c50d6f\">gram</span> of powder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3000-4500 cc</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12000-13000 cc</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smoke produced </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>+++</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>+</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Power </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+++</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Flame Temperature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Higher </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lower (due to Nitroguanidine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Burning of powder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Incomplete</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Complete</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wound produced</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More blackening and tattooing</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less blackening and tattooing</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/rK4SDULcuXPfYbwU3KJm1739848355.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not an advantage of the structure labeled “X” in the image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Effective sealing of bore", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lubrication", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Allows gas to escape from the breech end", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Facilitates optimal pressure", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Allows gas to escape from the breech end", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/h71Ab1llZsIn5EQU8Kd01736228191.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/rGJviRmr1hEjRYHuCEBS1736228228.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xvqIDiD9sgXveFqxrWjm1739848136.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a forensic examination of a shooting incident, a medical examiner discovers both shotgun pellets and rifle bullets at the crime scene. The examiner notes the differences in their design and function. Which statement about these ammunition types is not correct?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Shotgun cartridges contain multiple projectiles that spread upon firing.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Wads are used in all types of cartridges", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rifle bullets are generally elongated with a pointed tip", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rifle bullets and shotgun pellets are made of lead", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Wads are used in all types of cartridges", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/jfSnfUKan8oV6gWAGcLl1736227950.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/k1AZN7HHODD4tejDqOUV1736227914.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cartridge of Rifle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cartridge of Shotgun</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Contains a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"930dac4e5e169277719605287af20d\">primer</span> on the base and a cartridge case filled with gunpowder.</li>\n<li>Features a single projectile <strong>(bullet).</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Does not include a wad</strong> <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Contains lead shots <strong>(Option D)</strong><strong>/</strong>Pellets (Multiple Projectiles)<strong> </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Wads</strong>: <strong>Used only in smoothbore weapons (Shotguns).</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Advantages of Wads:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Facilitates <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"208cf74d74169277719486afd05eb3\">optimal</span> pressure.</li>\n<li>Prevents gas escape from the bore.</li>\n<li>Aids in lubrication.</li>\n<li>Stops gas from escaping at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6946dd732d1692777183e8fbb62785\">breech</span> end.</li>\n<li>Maintains separation between the propellant and projectiles.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1887\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/jfSnfUKan8oV6gWAGcLl1736227950.png\" width=\"1999\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1999\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/k1AZN7HHODD4tejDqOUV1736227914.png\" width=\"1999\"/></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/X1dhoxcE2kq4KHMqcPSt1746421461.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a forensic investigation, experts discussed the benefits of rifled firearms and how rifling impacts evidence collection. All the following are advantages of rifling except?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Increases accuracy by stabilizing the bullet", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Improves range by imparting spin to the projectile", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Limits spread of pellets", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Reduces wobbling of the bullet in flight", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Limits spread of pellets", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ufZhYLVGKFvdxXf3l98D1735909522.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Choking</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rifling ( Rifled Firearms)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition:</strong> Choking refers to the<strong> </strong><strong>constriction at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a36e89561c16927771933be65f4967\">muzzle</span> end of a shotgun barrel.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Types:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cylinder Bore:</strong> The barrel has a uniform <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afb15e4a331692777186e495b370a1\">diameter</span> throughout.</li>\n<li><strong>Choke Bore: </strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a36e89561c16927771933be65f4967\">muzzle</span> is slightly constricted.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Degrees of Choke</strong>: Full, modified, improved cylinder, and cylinder.</li>\n<li><strong>Advantages of Choking:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reduces shot spread.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd9858c0bf1692777187ed886e9735\">explosive</span> force.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Enhances <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12c4510e191692777201c23ec126a3\">velocity</span> and range.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dispersion: </strong>A fully choked barrel produces shot <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aff8304142169277718661b3b8980a\">dispersion</span> that is half that of a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba2a9140961692777185aae938c18b\">cylinder</span> bore.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>As the bullet travels through the bore, it engages with the rifling, imparting a spin that enhances accuracy and stability. Each weapon leaves a unique marking on the bullet, aiding <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> identification.</li>\n<li><strong>Advantages of Rifling:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Gyroscopic Stability</li>\n<li>Increased Accuracy<strong> </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong>:</li>\n<li>Increased Range (stability and spin)<strong> </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong><strong> </strong></li>\n<li>Reduced Wobbling<strong> </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong> (tumbling end-over-end during flight)</li>\n<li>Greater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31dd0b58bb1692777195e6016ecd51\">Penetration</span> Power</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/J0N4Jvw0cStkOrYBLSzl1739847836.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a forensic analysis of a crime scene, investigators examined firearms and noted the distinctions between rifled and smooth-bore firearms. Which of the following is true regarding rifled and smooth-bore firearms", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rifled firearms usually have multiple projectiles", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Smooth-bore firearms include handguns and revolvers", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Shotguns typically have a smooth barrel", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Smooth-bore firearms typically don’t have chokes", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Shotguns typically have a smooth barrel", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/wz574Rn6uuL6dqyKZIME1735898949.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:639px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rifled Firearms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smooth Bore Firearms</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Barrel Interior</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b34a9891d16927771998a84595013\">spiral</span> <strong>grooves</strong> <strong>(Rifling)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uniformly smooth barrel without grooves</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Measurement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Caliber:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afb15e4a331692777186e495b370a1\">Diameter</span> between opposite lands, measured before rifling grooves are cut.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bore:</strong> Defined by the number of lead balls of a specific size (diameter) that can be made from one pound of lead (454 grams).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bullet Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically fires a single projectile <strong>(bullet)</strong> <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fires multiple pellets (shot) or a single slug</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Accuracy </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Higher </strong>due to rifling</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lower accuracy, designed for spread over a wide area.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Functionality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imparts spin to the bullet for greater stability and precision</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fires <strong>multiple projectiles</strong> simultaneously for short-range effectiveness</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Choke </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually not applicable</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May have <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a9827ee711169277718405c411b86f\">chokes</span> to control the spread of the shot <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Examples </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rifles, Pistols, Revolvers <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Shotguns</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jgyR6J1ytvdIUnZhCx371746333378.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "At a forensic lab, a team was examining evidence from a recent shooting. One forensic analyst pointed out that identifying the caliber of the gun can help in linking it to a specific weapon. What does the term \"caliber\" refer to in forensic ballistics?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Distance between two opposite lands", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Distance between two opposite grooves", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Muzzle design influencing the dispersion of shot", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Measurement of the diameter of the shotgun barrel", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Distance between two opposite lands", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/81Jtnn6fLeNZxQDzUKnC1735898749.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/brXONDb9ZflZ5WWEwSgx1735898811.png"], "explanation": "\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uUA8sL1RVcOgBA5EOEaP1739841866.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 35 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. 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Secondary blast injury", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:641px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary Injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It results from blast waves and is often internal with no external signs.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ears:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"391176370016927772011d1b8315bc\">Tympanic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b8deb0fe1692777190df5ce46525\">inner ear</span> disruption.</li>\n<li><strong>Lungs: Alveolar-capillary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> haemorrhage (blast lung), most common cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> in survivors.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>GIT:</strong> Injuries to gas-filled organs are more common in underwater blasts.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Secondary Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is resulting from shrapnel, debris &amp; flying objects (propelled by explosion).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Penetrating trauma.</li>\n<li><strong>The characteristic Marshall triad, which includes bruises, abrasions, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77074d46b51692777196747de93965\">punctate</span> lacerations, is evident.</strong></li>\n<li>Commonly cause severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c6021096816927772007954fcc158\">thoracic</span> injuries, including lacerations of the heart and great vessels.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tertiary Injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Victims are thrown against solid objects by blast winds.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Blunt/Penetrating trauma.</li>\n<li>Includes bone fractures and coup-contrecoup injuries.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quaternary Injury</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Encompass all other injuries not classified above</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flash burns</strong> from extreme heat.</li>\n<li><strong>Crush injuries</strong> and falls due to explosions.</li>\n<li><strong>Respiratory injuries</strong> from toxic dust, gases, or radiation exposure.</li>\n<li><strong>Psychiatric issues,</strong> such as <strong>post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),</strong> may affect individuals even if they are physically unharmed.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the source of the trauma given in the image below.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bullet", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rod", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Axe", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Scissor", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Bullet", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/v9R7hoZzhOW3bKfe1czA1718003842.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/kLq1DWc1ubk0lIx3TQhP1717997489.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A- Bu\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What causes the blackening around a gunshot entry wound?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Smoke particles", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Unburned gunpowder", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Muzzle of firearm", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Fire effect", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Smoke particles", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/aAz0eVz9wKwoQGG3GshU1744960679.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/XvYOi4k6YSi3YaDNoBtX1744960685.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xl1JZOkBEoPtafUfs0M21744960690.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/exg8hLGtuMaSANjxKURi1744960696.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/NGi0QMVe5HrRNEMuxlZj1744960700.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/veCi576CIAvN8SGUAIP11744960706.png"], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Type of shotgun wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Type of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Contact</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Close</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Short/ Intermediate-range </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Distant </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Entry wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cruciate/Stellate (Skull) or</p>\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rat-hole like</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Multiple small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f8b73c2b51692777195a76ca589cf\">pellet</span> wounds with the mostly dispersed entry wound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Border of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contused, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">Irregular</span> and <strong>muzzled appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clean-cut, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> or lacerated</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abraded and scalloped borders</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Irregular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blackening</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present around the margins and even inside the wound.</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Burning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tattooing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Present</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Images</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"237\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/aAz0eVz9wKwoQGG3GshU1744960679.png\" width=\"198\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"158\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/XvYOi4k6YSi3YaDNoBtX1744960685.png\" width=\"198\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"140\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/xl1JZOkBEoPtafUfs0M21744960690.png\" width=\"163\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Joseph Harrington\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.acepnow.com/article/the-clinical-forensic-evaluation-of-gunshot-wounds-in-the-ed/acep_0122-pg20e/\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"150\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/exg8hLGtuMaSANjxKURi1744960696.png\" width=\"211\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"DJ Wilks dwilks@nhs.net Y Mirza G Bourke\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/10.1308/rcsann.2014.96.5.396\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"220\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/NGi0QMVe5HrRNEMuxlZj1744960700.png\" width=\"207\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Shooting Range</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Range</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Wound Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contact shot</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Muzzle in direct contact</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular entry wound with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a36e89561c16927771933be65f4967\">muzzle</span> imprint, severe tissue damage, blackening, and burning of the wound edges. Cherry-red tissue due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb021d26d3169277718336718849a5\">carbon monoxide</span> absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Close-shot</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>&lt; 1 meter</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular or elliptical entry wound with <strong>blackening, burning, tattooing, singeing of hair, and cherry-red tissue</strong> discolouration due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb021d26d3169277718336718849a5\">carbon monoxide</span> absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Short-range</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>1-2 meters</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular 4-5 cm wound (Rat hole) with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> borders, no blackening, burning, or tattooing.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intermediate shot</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>2-4 meters</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> wound surrounded by multiple satellite wounds.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distant shot</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>&gt; 4 meters</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The entry wound fades, leaving multiple small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f8b73c2b51692777195a76ca589cf\">pellet</span> wounds.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Bullet fingerprinting involve:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Primary markings", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Secondary markings", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Both", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "None", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Both", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Primary Markings (Class characteristics)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Secondary Markings (Individual or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> characteristics)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Determined by manufacturing specifications, design, and dimensions are most useful for identifying the make and model of the firearm involved.</li>\n<li>It consists of:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Number, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afb15e4a331692777186e495b370a1\">diameter</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> of lands and grooves</li>\n<li>Depth of grooves</li>\n<li>Direction and degree of rifling twist</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Surface irregularities</strong> on the bullet result from imperfections in the barrel and <strong>the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2b1931a185169277718065e3fa42dd\">adhesion</span> of bullet particles to the bore during <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c2d898b0b1692777202c5d43d5e78\">firing</span> (Metallic Fouling)</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It may be <strong>identical</strong> for bullets fired by <strong>two different weapons.</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>These are different for bullets fired by two different weapons, reflecting each firearm's distinct barrel characteristics.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It's more pronounced for jacketed bullets.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is more pronounced when the grooves deeply mark the lead bullet.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the injury depicted in the image provided.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Shot gun wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tattooing", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Arsenic poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Graze wound", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Shot gun wound", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/069f6KQ0l8P7tswnhzKo1746454224.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/c7hp6UVKhKKHZELiQyoe1745486826.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/MgCxmUUaCWRuwyXxFGGK1745486837.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/E23gkZ15ysYgAoL2YykA1745486850.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/MRbDkc1wIXKb3dQzlgfP1745486859.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/skOi11IeGvBRsJPXIQuf1745486872.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Type of shotgun wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contact</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Close</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Short/ Intermediate-range </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distant </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Entry wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cruciate/Stellate (Skull) or</p>\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rat-hole like</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Multiple small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f8b73c2b51692777195a76ca589cf\">pellet</span> wounds with the mostly dispersed entry wound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Border of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contused, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">Irregular</span> and <strong>muzzled appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clean-cut, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> or lacerated</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abraded and scalloped borders</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Irregular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blackening</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present around the margins and even inside the wound.</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Burning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tattooing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Present</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Images</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"198\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/c7hp6UVKhKKHZELiQyoe1745486826.png\" width=\"198\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsgunshotwounds.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"140\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/MgCxmUUaCWRuwyXxFGGK1745486837.png\" width=\"163\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Joseph Harrington\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.acepnow.com/article/the-clinical-forensic-evaluation-of-gunshot-wounds-in-the-ed/acep_0122-pg20e/\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"150\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/E23gkZ15ysYgAoL2YykA1745486850.png\" width=\"211\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author='\"DJ Wilks dwilks@nhs.net Y Mirza G Bourke\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/10.1308/rcsann.2014.96.5.396\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"171\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/MRbDkc1wIXKb3dQzlgfP1745486859.png\" width=\"161\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 15 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Who conducts inquest in Police custodial death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Higher police official", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Judicial magistrate", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Medical examiner", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Coroner", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Judicial magistrate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"left\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Police Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Magistrate Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conducted by</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Police officer</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magistrate (DM, SDM, Judicial, or Executive Magistrate)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Involvement of witnesses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Requires signatures of panchas</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Does not require witness signatures</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Witness statements</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Admissible in court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not admissible in court</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Can order arrest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No, but can arrest in cognizable offenses</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can issue arrest warrants</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exhumation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot order exhumation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can order <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ede3648ef1692777187540bde750b\">exhumation</span> of a body</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy orders</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sends bodies for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> indiscriminately</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Orders <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> only when necessary</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Forensic analysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot order chemical analysis of viscera</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can order chemical analysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Section 314 IPC deals with", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Causing miscarriage with the consent of the mother", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Causing miscarriage without the consent of the mother", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Death of the mother by act done with intent to cause miscarriage", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Causing the death of the quick unborn child by an act amounting to culpable homicide", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Death of the mother by act done with intent to cause miscarriage", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>IPC Section</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">312</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causing miscarriage. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">313</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"423516578d1692777192412d27cc61\">miscarriage</span> without a woman's consent. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">314</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Death caused by an act done with intent to cause miscarriage, if act done without woman's consent. <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">315</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Act done with intent to prevent a child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">316</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causing death of a quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The court summons a member of the public who witnessed the incident to provide testimony and document their account. What kind of evidence does the witness offer to the court?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Oral evidence", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hearsay evidence", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Subpoena", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Circumstantial evidence", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Oral evidence", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - Oral ev\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Who is responsible for handling the investigation in the case of a custodial death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Police inspector", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Jail superintendent", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Superintendent of Police", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Judicial magistrate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Judicial magistrate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer D - Judicial magistrate</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Police Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Magistrate Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">174 CrPC</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">176 CrPC</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Most common <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab7665b07e1692777190e4d2f4bc82\">inquest</span> in India</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Best Inquest</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Judicial</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Executive</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>In the court of law (for conducting trial)</li>\n<li>Appointed by high court</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>In maintaining law &amp; Order in the society</li>\n<li>Appointed by state Govt.</li>\n<li>Designated as District Magistrate (DM)</li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Following govt officials can be appointed as executive magistrate: </strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>District Collector</li>\n<li>Tehsildar</li>\n<li>RDO</li>\n<li>Deputy collector</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "When an individual commences employment with a second employer, the new employer assumes responsibility for the individual's actions, under which doctrine?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Vicarious liability", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Doctrine of negligent choice", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contributory negligence", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Borrowed servant doctrine", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Borrowed servant doctrine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "While recording evidence in the court of law, the opposing lawyer asked the witness, “Did A kill B in your presence?” The witness said, “Yes”. Which procedural route would this type of question be permitted in the court of law?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Examination-in-chief", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Direct examination", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cross-examination", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Re-direct examination", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Cross-examination", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Cross-examination</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Examination-in-Chief (Direct Examination) (Option A and B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cross-Examination (Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Re-Examination (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Conducted By</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Party who calls the witness (e.g., public prosecutor)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Opposing party (typically defense)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Party who called the witness</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Present all relevant facts</li>\n<li>Provide expert interpretation if applicable</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Challenge witness's credibility</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Elicit favorable facts</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Test accuracy</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Clarify issues raised during cross-examination</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Leading Questions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Not allowed unless the witness is declared hostile</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Allowed (<strong>Sec. 146 BSA</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Not allowed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Nature of Questions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Open-ended questions to elicit narrative</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Can include leading questions to control the narrative</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Generally clarifying questions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Time Limit</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Typically structured and may have time constraints</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>No set time limit; may last for hours or even days</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Generally limited to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"68c95b7b5a169277718451643a0b35\">clarification</span> purposes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Judicial Oversight</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Judge may intervene to ensure questions are relevant and not leading</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Court can disallow indecent or scandalous questions (Sec. 154, BSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Judge monitors to ensure focus remains on clarification</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following defines rape?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "375 IPC", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "376 IPC", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "377 IPC", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "498 (A) IPC", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 375 IPC", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 17 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which of the following criteria is included in Gustafson's method but excluded from Dalitz's method of age estimation from teeth?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Root transparency", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Attrition", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Root resorption", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Periodontal recession", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Root resorption", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/W0UBgA65UpEv8va6ld0W1740803130.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements BEST describes the value and application of frontal sinus prints?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Frontal sinus prints are useful for identification, but they change significantly after infections or injuries to the skull.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Frontal sinus prints are unique to each individual and remain stable after age 15, making them valuable for postmortem identification.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Frontal sinus prints are only useful for identifying individuals under 15 years of age, as they continue to alter in adulthood.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Frontal sinus prints provide a general indication of a person's age and sex, but are not unique enough for individual identification.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Frontal sinus prints are unique to each individual and remain stable after age 15, making them valuable for postmortem identification.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Uniqueness</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unique to each individual</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stability</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Permanent and fixed after 15 years of age<strong> (Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Resilience</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rarely alter following infection or injury <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Comparison Method</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Antemortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fd0c8ab494169277720227102dc79a\">X-ray</span> of skull (occipito-mental plane) compared with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> X-rays</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Application</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Useful for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> identification, especially when other methods are unavailable or inconclusive<strong> (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A museum curator is organizing an exhibit on the history of forensic science. They come across a set of tools and records from the late 19th century that include calipers, measuring tapes, and detailed cards with various bodily measurements and descriptions. The curator notices that these records consistently include 11 specific measurements, along with descriptions of physical features and photographs. What is the MOST likely purpose of this historical forensic method?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "To determine the age and cause of death in archaeological remains", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "To create a standardized system for criminal identification", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "To classify individuals based on racial characteristics for eugenics research", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "To establish a observational method for normal human growth and development", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. To create a standardized system for criminal identification", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:608px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Developer</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alphonse Bertillon</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>To create a standardized system for criminal identification</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Principle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Measurements of various parts of the human body that do not alter after adult age (21 years)</p>\n<p>• Observation and recording of descriptive data, photograph and body marks</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Measurements Included</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• 11 specific measurements including:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Height, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"603878db1116927771812fecb63aec\">AP</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afb15e4a331692777186e495b370a1\">diameter</span> of head and trunk</li>\n<li>Span of outstretched arms</li>\n<li>Length of middle finger, left little finger, left <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"258a5bb5841692777203cfb8e31f55\">forearm</span> and left foot</li>\n<li>Length and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6a728793d1692777183f8bab2d772\">breadth</span> of right ear</li>\n</ul>\n<p>• Descriptive data: Color of hair, eyes, complexion, shape of nose, ears and chin</p>\n<p>• Body marks: Moles, scars and tattoo marks</p>\n<p>• Photographs: Front view and profile view of head</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tools Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Calipers, measuring tapes, photographic equipment</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Historical Significance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>First scientific method of criminal identification, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c18f579141692777194163fc019af\">paving</span> the way for modern <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> techniques</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bZpzbe0SM7qpfdVYP48o1740805379.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is examining a body found in a river. The deceased has multiple tattoos, including a faded amateur tattoo on the arm and a professional tattoo on the chest. The pathologist also notices a partially erased tattoo on the back. Which of the following statements is MOST likely to be true based on the information provided about tattoos?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The faded amateur tattoo on the arm was likely created using red dye and is about 3 weeks old.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The professional tattoo on the chest probably used black or blue dye and could be identified in lymph nodes.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The partially erased tattoo on the back was most likely removed using chemical peeling with trichloroacetic acid.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All tattoos on the body can be accurately dated to determine the exact time they were created.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The professional tattoo on the chest probably used black or blue dye and could be identified in lymph nodes.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:649px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Age of tattoo</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Firm union, reddish/bluish scar: 5-6 days</li>\n<li>Pale, soft and sensitive (tender): 2 weeks-2 months</li>\n<li>Tough, brownish, glistening, wrinkled and little tender: 2-6 months</li>\n<li>Tough, white, glistening and non-tender: &gt; 6 months</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dyes Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Common dyes: Indigo, cobalt, carbon, vermilion, cadmium, selenium, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6ee66a5d5d16927771966f1ea457eb\">Prussian blue</span> and Indian ink</li>\n<li>Black, blue and red dyes are most commonly employed</li>\n<li>Depth of penetration: 50-3000 times a minute</li>\n<li>Pigment can migrate to nearby <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4df97a6cbf169277719172fd1af767\">lymph</span> nodes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Erasure Methods</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Surgical methods:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dermabrasion (e.g., tannic acid, silver nitrate, trichloroacetic acid)</li>\n<li>Complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20b3ce06c5169277718756ee95c1e9\">excision</span> and skin grafting</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Non-surgical methods:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Production of burns by means of red hot iron</li>\n<li>Scarification</li>\n<li>Using <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c32b3a9fac16927771831530888fdf\">carbon dioxide</span> snow</li>\n<li>Electrolysis</li>\n<li>Caustic or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16a98a214c16927771852d7f6c344e\">corrosive</span> substances</li>\n<li>Chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfcf3a19b2169277718637c5eb0e74\">eczema</span> may cause tattoo designs to disappear</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic investigator is examining evidence from a crime scene in a restaurant. The following items have been collected: A wine glass with a partial fingerprint A napkin with a lipstick mark A fork with what appears to be saliva residue The investigator has a suspect in custody but lacks sufficient ridge detail from the partial fingerprint for a conclusive match. Which of the following approaches would be MOST appropriate for the investigator to pursue next?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Focus solely on analyzing the lipstick mark on the napkin using chelioscopy techniques", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Employ poroscopy to examine the sweat pores on the partial fingerprint from the wine glass", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Disregard the evidence collected and seek alternative means of identification", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Attempt to extract DNA from the saliva on the fork and compare it to the suspect's DNA", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Employ poroscopy to examine the sweat pores on the partial fingerprint from the wine glass", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:652px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poroscopy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Study of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cff82458316927771965eba1af4db\">pore</span> structure on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"62b9af909d1692777194cd004f10f4\">papillary</span> ridges of fingers as a means of identification</p>\n<p>• Discovered and developed by Edmond Locard in 1912</p>\n<p>• Ridge characteristics and pores are permanent, immutable and individual</p>\n<p>• Useful to establish identity when available ridges do not provide sufficient characteristics</p>\n<p>• Ridges contain 9-18 pores</p>\n<p>• About 550-950 sweat pores per square <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f5f71ed4861692777184bf78350040\">centimeter</span> in finger ridges, less (400) in the palms and soles</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cheiloscopy (Lip Prints)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Study of lip prints for identification purposes</p>\n<p>• Lip prints are revealed at points of direct physical contact at crime scenes</p>\n<p>• Useful for personal identification</p>\n<p>• Credibility not firmly established in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> science</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/9pvaJFOfu3CwEUn7hBTv1740804868.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic expert is called to testify in a court case involving disputed fingerprint evidence. During the trial, various aspects of fingerprint analysis are discussed, including abnormalities and development techniques. Which of the following statements about fingerprint abnormalities is INCORRECT?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ridge atrophy with alteration of ridge pattern can be seen in conditions such as celiac disease, dermatitis, and prolonged exposure to certain drugs.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "People with certain genetic disorders like Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome may be born without fingerprints.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Latent prints require additional processing to be rendered visible and are often made from grease, dirt, oil, or blood.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Development techniques such as VMD, powdering, SPR, and iodine fuming can be used to visualize altered fingerprints", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Development techniques such as VMD, powdering, SPR, and iodine fuming can be used to visualize altered fingerprints", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:660px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Altered Fingerprints</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Ridge <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ff5253fb169277718224c7b0faf8\">atrophy</span> with alteration of ridge pattern seen in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c2b5c161b71692777184c75775751a\">celiac</span> disease, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4cbd4af34169277718043cb22ccb5\">acanthosis</span> nigricans, scleroderma, and dry and atrophic skin <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n<p>• Prolonged exposure to certain drugs (e.g., capecitabine) may cause loss of fingerprints</p>\n<p>• Elderly persons may have fingerprints that are difficult to obtain due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13d0edf82916927772021bfc7f9aeb\">flattening</span> of ridges</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Absence of Fingerprints</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• People with certain genetic disorders like Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"473a6d5d43169277718654d9eceb33\">dermatopathia</span> pigmentosa reticularis, and adermatoglyphia are born without fingerprints<strong> (Option B)</strong></p>\n<p>• Fingerprints can be erased permanently by criminals through burns, acids, plastic surgery, etc.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Latent Prints</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Require additional processing to be rendered visible</p>\n<p>• Often made from grease, dirt, oil, or blood <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n<p>• Can be detected by various methods including powdering, chemical reagents, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d65e6c0e1616927771818ab537250d\">alternate</span> light sources</p>\n<p>• <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da0e2a00fa1692777202d6e2054b26\">Fluorescence</span> examination can sometimes detect <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cec2565ecd1692777191eed58869b2\">latent</span> prints</p>\n<p>• Development techniques include VMD, powdering, SPR, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c4fcb71116927771901e83ac026f\">iodine</span> fuming</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5ztNVyoJwAgyLTx9Mtj71740804614.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following dactylography patterns with their correct type and frequency (%) 1. Loop a. X. 30-35% 2. Whorl b. Y. 5-10% 3. Arch c. Z. 60-70%", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a-X, 2-c-Z, 3-b-Y", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c-Z, 2-a-X, 3-b-Y", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-a-Z, 2-c-Y, 3-b-X", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-c-Y, 2-a-X, 3-b-Z", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1-c-Z, 2-a-X, 3-b-Y", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/QvUKg8oTTeacaVGWkA1L1736309737.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tGVZIgGE3BvSfRuX30vY1736309850.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xPj0es5A7XEYVS92Bkro1736309806.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Permanent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4885d5d0021692777189aac6dc80f7\">impairment</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d8465bf7bc1692777202d6b3e6c8bd\">fingerprint</span> patterns</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leprosy, electric injury, and after exposure to radiation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ridge <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ff5253fb169277718224c7b0faf8\">atrophy</span> with alteration of ridge pattern</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Celiac disease, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4cbd4af34169277718043cb22ccb5\">acanthosis</span> nigricans,</p>\n<p>scleroderma, and dry and atrophic skin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>L</strong><strong>oss of fingerprints</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anti-cancer drug- capecitabine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Elderly persons</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fingerprints that are difficult to capture, since the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d6c754309d16927771874142ec8ca4\">elasticity</span> of skin decreases with age</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>No fingerprints </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Genetic disorders like Baird syndrome</p>\n<p>(congenital milia), <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bad0b361b16927772023c273847de\">Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome</span> (dyskeratosis</p>\n<p>congenita),Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadasohn syndrome,dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, and adermatoglyphia</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pattern Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Frequency (%)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Loop (Ulnar/radial)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60-70</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Whorl</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30-35</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arch</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5-10</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Composite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1-5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/veG7K8UKxonRLx7qbBvz1740804377.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following ages with their corresponding medicolegal significance: 1. 14 years a) Age of majority and can cast vote 2. 18 years b) Minimum age for appointment as President or Vice-President of India 3. 21 years c) Cannot be employed in factory jobs 4. 25 years d) Age for contesting membership of Parliament 5. 35 years e) Age of marriage for males", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a, 2-c, 3-e, 4-b, 5-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-e, 4-b, 5-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-e, 4-d, 5-b", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-c, 2-e, 3-a, 4-d, 5-b", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1-c, 2-a, 3-e, 4-d, 5-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:687px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Age</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>14 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Employment: Cannot be employed in factory jobs</p>\n<p>• Child under the age of 14 can work in non-hazardous industries including some agricultural work as per Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>14-15 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• A person can be engaged in non-hazardous factory jobs for a limited period during the day</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> even with wife below this age amounts to rape</p>\n<p>• A person above 15 years of age can be employed in a factory like an adult, if he has a fitness certificate from a doctor</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>16 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Taking away a male under this age without consent of guardian amounts to kidnapping</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Statutory rape: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">Intercourse</span> with a girl below this age, irrespective of whether with or without her consent amounts to rape</p>\n<p>• Judicial punishment: Below this age, an offender is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5d5db1f591692777190869c6a7223\">juvenile</span> and is tried in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5d5db1f591692777190869c6a7223\">juvenile</span> court and if convicted, sent to reformatory school (no imprisonment or death sentence)</p>\n<p>• Age of majority except when the individual is under guardianship of the court</p>\n<p>• Age of marriage for females</p>\n<p>• Can cast vote</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>21 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Age of marriage for males</p>\n<p>• If a girl below this age is 'imported' to India from foreign country for the purpose of illicit intercourse, the act amounts to kidnapping <strong>(Sec. 366 B IPC) </strong></p>\n<p>• Person under the guardianship of the Court of Wards attains majority</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>25 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Age for contesting membership of Parliament and other legislative bodies</p>\n<p>• Age limit for entering in some government services</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>35 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• According to Punjab <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e0b35b76f816927771875efaec6acd\">Excise</span> Act, a person below this age cannot buy and consume liquor</p>\n<p>• Minimum age for appointment as President, Vice-President and Governor of State in India</p>\n<p>• <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d554413593169277719693b8e38638\">Prenatal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"552e9ef8811692777186997018b858\">diagnostic</span> tests/procedures cannot be conducted if the pregnant female is below this age as per the PCPNDT Act</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>55-65 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Age of retirement from services under the government, statutory bodies, autonomous bodies/institutions or from judiciary services</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 6-year-old child is brought to court as a witness in a criminal case. Which of the following statements best describes the legal considerations regarding this child's testimony?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The child cannot give evidence due to being under 7 years old.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The child's testimony is automatically considered truthful.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The child can give evidence if the court is satisfied with their understanding.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "The child's testimony will be undertaken by the guardian.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The child can give evidence if the court is satisfied with their understanding.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:690px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Age</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5th <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"43cae1f11d169277719177bb21ef10\">lunar</span> month</p>\n<p>(12 weeks of pregnancy)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Till this duration, the decision for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a35c217ec416927772009a7f3b20f4\">termination</span> of pregnancy can be taken by one doctor.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5th-6th <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"43cae1f11d169277719177bb21ef10\">lunar</span> month</p>\n<p>(20-24 weeks of pregnancy)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Maximum period of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55b88ac71d169277718832be1a82c7\">gestation</span> for use of the indication of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eb06d1383216927771938c9eadb451\">MTP</span> Act.</p>\n<p>2 doctors required to take the decision of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a35c217ec416927772009a7f3b20f4\">termination</span> of pregnancy.</p>\n<p>• Above this age, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a35c217ec416927772009a7f3b20f4\">termination</span> is only on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8dfaeedbf91692777200561b2b1d2f\">therapeutic</span> grounds.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7 months</p>\n<p>(28 weeks of pregnancy)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">Fetus</span> is considered to be viable.</p>\n<p>• <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">Fetus</span> born after this period, if it does not show any sign of life, is termed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dcc6c49851692777199361c71b65d\">stillborn</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">fetus</span> (medically).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10th <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"43cae1f11d169277719177bb21ef10\">lunar</span> month</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">Fetus</span> at this stage is a full term fetus.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Custody of a minor who is below 5 years is with the mother.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• Below this age, child is not responsible for his criminal act, as he does not understand the nature and consequences of his act.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7-12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• <strong>Criminal responsibility:</strong> A child may or may not be held responsible for his act by the court, depending upon whether the child has attained sufficient <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba06b6179a16927771925370a2760c\">maturity</span> to understand the nature and consequence of the act<strong>.</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• If a child below this age is removed from his lawful guardian for the purpose of robbing movable property from his/her possession, it will amount to kidnapping<strong> .</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>• A child under 12 years cannot give valid consent to suffer any harm which may occur from any act done in good faith and for his benefit.<strong> </strong></p>\n<p>• A child above this age can give valid consent for examination (including medico-legal) and treatment (operative procedures and operations).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zOE9QNtshHOK7WJNtxkW1740804034.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A team of forensic anthropologists is excavating a site where multiple sets of human remains have been discovered. They need to take precise measurements of various bones to aid in identification and analysis. As they set up their equipment, a junior member of the team asks about the best tool for taking linear measurements of long bones like femurs and tibias. Which instrument should the senior anthropologist recommend for this task?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sliding caliper", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Spreading caliper", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hepburn-type osteometric board", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Digital radiography system", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hepburn-type osteometric board", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/eiyRMALmwwqEG0xnOG4E1735889116.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ywoHKkAmGNjb54TI5bq21748347003.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic anthropologist is tasked with estimating the stature of an unidentified male skeleton. Only the femur is available for measurement. Which of the following multiplication factors should be used to calculate the stature based on the femur length?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "3.3", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "3.6-3.8", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "4.48", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "5.30", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 3.6-3.8", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Multiplication factor</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Femur (Best bone for stature)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3.6-3.8</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tibia/Fibula</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4.5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Humerus</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5.3</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ulna</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6.1</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Radius</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6.5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic odontologist receives dental records with the following notations: \"#8 crown\" (Universal System) \"46 missing\" (FDI System) \"64 carious\" (Modified FDI System for primary teeth) Which of the following correctly represents all these findings using only the FDI system for permanent dentition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "11 crown, 46 missing, 24 carious", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "21 crown, 46 missing, 14 carious", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "11 crown, 46 missing, 14 carious", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "21 crown, 46 missing, 24 carious", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 11 crown, 46 missing, 24 carious", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>11</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>13</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>14</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>16</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>32</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>31</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>29</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>28</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>27</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>26</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>25</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>24</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>23</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>22</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>21</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>20</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>19</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>17</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>B</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>C</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>E</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>F</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>G</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>H</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>I</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:2px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>J</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>T</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>S</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>R</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Q</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>P</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:2px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>O</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>M</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>L</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:2px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:2px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>K</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 1 (Right Upper)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 2 (Left Upper)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>17</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>16</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>14</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>13</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>11</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>21</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>22</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>23</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>24</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>25</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>26</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>27</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>28</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 4 (Right Lower)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 3 (Left Lower)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>48</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>47</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>46</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>45</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>44</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>43</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>42</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>41</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>31</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>32</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>33</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>34</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>35</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>36</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>37</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>38</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 5 (Right Upper)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 6 (Left Upper)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>55</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>54</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>53</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>52</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>51</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>61</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>62</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>63</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>64</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>65</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 8 (Right Lower)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quadrant 7 (Left Lower)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>85</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>84</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>83</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>82</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>81</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>71</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>72</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>73</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>74</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>75</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1ukqYcwEesfFiQ3Abwvx1740803622.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old patient presents with dental pain in the upper right first molar. During charting, the dentist notes that the tooth is marked as \"6.\" The dentist then refers to a dental notation system where each tooth is numbered according to quadrants and the location of permanent teeth. Which of the following notation methods is being used?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Zsigmondy-Palmer notation", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Haderup notation", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Universal numbering system", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "FDI notation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Zsigmondy-Palmer notation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>E</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>C</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>B</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>B</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>C</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>E</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Lower Quadrant</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>E</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>C</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>B</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>B</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>C</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>E</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+8</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-8</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1+</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>+5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right Lower Quadrant</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Left Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a757d7c1216927771968223be411d\">Quadrant</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7gmn1T6lz43h49M5YxXo1740803262.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A partially decomposed body was discovered at a crime scene, and authorities suspected foul play. On examination of dead body, a bullet was retrieved from the body and weapon marks were present on the clothing. To establish that a crime has taken place in this suspected homicide, which of the following is the most crucial factor?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The presence of motive and opportunity for the crime", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Identification of the dead body and proof of death by criminal act", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Eyewitness testimony linking a suspect to the crime", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Detailed reconstruction of the crime scene and sequence of events", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Identification of the dead body and proof of death by criminal act", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PLLAV1fAL3rLgfMzMCZH1748347261.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is asked to estimate the age of a deceased infant based on the weight of its teeth, which is found to be 530 mg. Which of the following methods is the most appropriate for age estimation in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Stack's method", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Boyde’s method", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lamendin’s method", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gustafson's method", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Stack's method", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ This method is applicable from 5 months in utero to 7 months postnatal .</li><li>↳ 5 months in utero to 7 months postnatal</li><li>↳ In the scenario provided, the weight of the teeth is 530 mg, which corresponds to 2 weeks postnatal according to Stack's reference table.</li><li>↳ 2 weeks postnatal</li><li>↳ Prenatal age Weight of teeth (mg) 28 weeks 60 mg 40 weeks 460 mg Postnatal age Weight of teeth (mg) 2 weeks 530 mg 30 weeks 1840 mg</li><li>↳ Prenatal age Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ Prenatal age</li><li>↳ Prenatal age</li><li>↳ Prenatal age</li><li>↳ Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ 28 weeks 60 mg</li><li>↳ 28 weeks</li><li>↳ 28 weeks</li><li>↳ 60 mg</li><li>↳ 60 mg</li><li>↳ 40 weeks 460 mg</li><li>↳ 40 weeks</li><li>↳ 40 weeks</li><li>↳ 460 mg</li><li>↳ 460 mg</li><li>↳ Postnatal age Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ Postnatal age</li><li>↳ Postnatal age</li><li>↳ Postnatal age</li><li>↳ Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ Weight of teeth (mg)</li><li>↳ 2 weeks 530 mg</li><li>↳ 2 weeks</li><li>↳ 2 weeks</li><li>↳ 530 mg</li><li>↳ 530 mg</li><li>↳ 30 weeks 1840 mg</li><li>↳ 30 weeks</li><li>↳ 30 weeks</li><li>↳ 1840 mg</li><li>↳ 1840 mg</li><li>↳ Given the teeth weight of 530 mg, Stack’s method is the most appropriate for estimating the infant’s age.</li><li>↳ Boyde’s Method:</li><li>↳ Boyde’s Method:</li><li>↳ Estimates age by counting cross striations (incremental lines) in the enamel, starting from the neonatal line. These lines represent daily enamel growth. It is suitable for estimating the age of infants by calculating the number of days since the formation of the neonatal line but does not rely on tooth weight.</li><li>↳ Estimates age by counting cross striations (incremental lines) in the enamel, starting from the neonatal line.</li><li>↳ cross striations (incremental lines)</li><li>↳ These lines represent daily enamel growth.</li><li>↳ It is suitable for estimating the age of infants by calculating the number of days since the formation of the neonatal line but does not rely on tooth weight.</li><li>↳ infants</li><li>↳ Since the scenario involves tooth weight, Boyde's method is not the correct approach here. (Option B ruled out)</li><li>↳ (Option B ruled out)</li><li>↳ Lamendin’s Method:</li><li>↳ Lamendin’s Method:</li><li>↳ Lamendin’s method is used for age estimation in adults . It relies on measuring the periodontosis height and root transparency, both as a percentage of root height, which is then applied to a regression formula. This method is not applicable to infants or fetuses. (Option C ruled out)</li><li>↳ Lamendin’s method is used for age estimation in adults .</li><li>↳ age estimation in adults</li><li>↳ It relies on measuring the periodontosis height and root transparency, both as a percentage of root height, which is then applied to a regression formula.</li><li>↳ periodontosis height</li><li>↳ root transparency,</li><li>↳ This method is not applicable to infants or fetuses. (Option C ruled out)</li><li>↳ (Option C ruled out)</li><li>↳ Gustafson's Method:</li><li>↳ Gustafson's Method:</li><li>↳ Gustafson's method is used for estimating age in adults by observing six dental changes, such as: Attrition Paradentosis Secondary dentine. Cementum apposition Root resorption. Transparency of root. Total score = A+ P+ S+ C+ R+ T Like Lamendin's method, it is not appropriate for infants or fetal age determination. (Option D ruled out)</li><li>↳ Gustafson's method is used for estimating age in adults by observing six dental changes, such as: Attrition Paradentosis Secondary dentine. Cementum apposition Root resorption. Transparency of root. Total score = A+ P+ S+ C+ R+ T</li><li>↳ Attrition Paradentosis Secondary dentine. Cementum apposition Root resorption. Transparency of root. Total score = A+ P+ S+ C+ R+ T</li><li>↳ Attrition</li><li>↳ Paradentosis</li><li>↳ Secondary dentine.</li><li>↳ Cementum apposition</li><li>↳ Root resorption.</li><li>↳ Transparency of root.</li><li>↳ Total score = A+ P+ S+ C+ R+ T</li><li>↳ Like Lamendin's method, it is not appropriate for infants or fetal age determination. (Option D ruled out)</li><li>↳ (Option D ruled out)</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:401px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prenatal age</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weight of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> (mg)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>28 weeks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60 mg</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>40 weeks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>460 mg</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postnatal age</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weight of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> (mg)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2 weeks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>530 mg</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30 weeks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1840 mg</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Y4rQvWdVlq5exyihQJdL1748346483.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic odontologist is examining the remains of an unidentified individual found in a remote area. The examination reveals the following dental pattern: 28 teeth present All third molars are absent Second premolars are partially erupted Canines are fully erupted Some primary (deciduous) molars are still present Based on this dental evidence, what is the most likely age range of the individual?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "6-7 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "9-10 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "11-12 years", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "14-15 years", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 11-12 years", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:689px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teeth</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ages of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e8c6da34eb169277718752e1060128\">Eruption</span> (Temporary)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ages of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e8c6da34eb169277718752e1060128\">Eruption</span> (Permanent)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mixed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"76e17c45ef16927771851bc19cfc04\">Dentition</span> Period</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lower central incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Upper central incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–12 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Canines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>17–18 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>11–12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>11–12 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>First premolars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9–11 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9–11 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Second premolars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–12 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>First molars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–14 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–7 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–7 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Second molars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>20–30 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–14 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–14 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Third molars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>17–25 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No mixed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"76e17c45ef16927771851bc19cfc04\">dentition</span> (Permanent only)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qnxXQoeMR3F9b09aAlXX1740802926.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 10-year-old girl visits the clinic for a routine examination. During the assessment, the physician notes the development of her upper and lower limb bones. Which of the following statements is FALSE?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The head of the humerus fuses with the shaft at 17–18 years.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The lower end of the radius fuses by 17–19 years.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The greater trochanter of the femur fuses at 14–15 years.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The upper end of the fibula fuses at 10–12 years.", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. The upper end of the fibula fuses at 10–12 years.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:681px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Upper Limb</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Humerus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Head</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At 5–6 years, the three <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bdb5481f1692777203cbadf50a71\">fuse</span> together (conjoint epiphysis), and at 17–18 years, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bdb5481f1692777203cbadf50a71\">fuse</span> with the shaft. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Greater tubercle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>3 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lesser tubercle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Capitulum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At 14–15 years, all three fuses with the shaft</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Trochlea</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9–10 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lateral epicondyle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10–11 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medial epicondyle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5–6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Radius</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5–6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15–17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1–2 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–19 years <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Ulna</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>8–9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15–17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5–6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–19 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Carpals</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pisiform</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9–12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Other Carpals</p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1b4bf3b7916927771838d6915860b\">capitate</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"67cb40545f16927771882e55a0620e\">hamate</span> bones ossify during infancy, with the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1b4bf3b7916927771838d6915860b\">capitate</span> appearing first at 36th week(3-4 months age). Between ages 2 and 6, the number of visible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones on an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fd0c8ab494169277720227102dc79a\">X-ray</span> roughly corresponds to the child's age (e.g., 3 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones indicate approximately 3 years old).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:680px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Lower limb bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hip Bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Ischiopubic rami</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>7 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Triradiate cartilage</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>12–14 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Iliac crest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15–16 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>19–21 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Ischial tuberosity</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16–17 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>20–22 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Femur</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Head</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Greater trochanter</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14–15 years <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lesser trochanter</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16–17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9 months IUL (at birth)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Tibia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At birth</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Fibula</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>2 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>16–17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p><strong>Tarsals</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Calcaneum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>5th month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Talus</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>7th month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Cuboid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>9th month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following skull sutures with their age of closure 1. Posterior fontanelle a) 2–4 years 2. Anterior fontanelle b) 45–50 years 3. Lambdoid suture c) At birth to 6 months 4. Metopic suture d) 1½–2 years", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a, 2-c,3-d, 4-b", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 3-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:608px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Suture Closure</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Age</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Posterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"271b7fd44c1692777203478adeaa35\">fontanelle</span> (occipital)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At birth to 6 months</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Anterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"271b7fd44c1692777203478adeaa35\">fontanelle</span> (bregma)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1½–2 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Two halves of mandible</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1–2 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Metopic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">suture</span> (between <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"35aa36279d16927772031c7ce8d6e5\">frontal</span> bones)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>2–4 years, may remain unfused</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Basiocciput and basisphenoid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>18–20 years (females)</p>\n<p>20–22 years (males)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lambdoid suture</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>45–50 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Parieto-temporal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>60–70 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bn1394ipXzrlMsjzMkeV1748346415.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 12-year-old boy is brought to the clinic for a routine check-up. During the examination, the physician notes the development of certain bones, particularly focusing on the clavicle and scapula. Based on the provided information, which statement is TRUE regarding the boy’s skeletal development?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The medial end of the clavicle fuses by 22 years.", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "The coracoid base of the scapula fuses at 10 years.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The xiphisternum fuses at 3 years postnatal.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The first sternebrae appears between 14–25 years.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. The medial end of the clavicle fuses by 22 years.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:728px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Sternum</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Manubrium</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5th-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>60–70 years (manubrio-sternal joint)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1st sternebrae</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5th-month IUL <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14–25 years (from below upwards; 3rd and 4th–15 years; 2nd and 3rd–20 years; 1st and 2nd–25 years)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>2nd and 3rd sternebrae</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>7th-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4th sternebrae</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10th-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Xiphisternum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>3rd year postnatal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>40–45 years (with body) <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Clavicle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medial end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5th–7th week IUL(1st <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3be8c9fc131692777194e15d6aeef3\">Ossification</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1feb2a0a3016927771847db9449f75\">centre</span> overall to appear in fetus)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>20-22 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Scapula</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Coracoid base</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10–11 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14–17 years <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Acromion process</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14–16 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A pregnant woman has an ultrasound that measures her fetus's Crown Heel Length (CHL) as 40 cm. What is the estimated age of the fetus in months?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "7 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "8 months", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "9 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "10 months", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 8 months", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic anthropologist is analyzing skeletal remains to determine the sex of an individual. Based on the following rules, which statement is TRUE?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "According to Ashley’s Rule, females have a sternum length greater than 149 mm.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hyrtl’s Law states that males have a sternum body length more than twice the length of the manubrium.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Krogman’s Table indicates that long bones alone provide 100% accuracy in sexing remains.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The skull has a higher accuracy rate than the pelvis.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hyrtl’s Law states that males have a sternum body length more than twice the length of the manubrium.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:539px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Krogman’s Table</strong></p>\n<p>The degree of accuracy in sexing adult skeletal remains.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire skeleton</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>100%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pelvis alone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>95%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skull alone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>90% <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pelvis plus skull</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>98%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Long bones alone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>80%</p>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/nuz8hRvYAER2P6WdyAEa1748346262.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic anthropologist is tasked with determining the biological sex of skeletal remains found at an excavation site. The skeleton is relatively well-preserved, and specific morphological features are noted. The pelvis shows a wide subpubic angle, a broad sciatic notch, and a wide, circular pelvic inlet. Additionally, the skull has a smaller mastoid process and rounded chin. Based on these skeletal characteristics, which of the following is the most likely biological sex of the individual?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Male", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Female", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cannot be determined without DNA analysis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hermaphroditic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Female", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Male skull </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Female skull </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>General Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Larger, heavier, rugged, marked <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> ridges</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smaller, lighter, walls thinner, smoother</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Forehead </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Receding, irregular, rough, less rounded</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Vertical, round, full, infantile, smooth</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cranial capacity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More capacious (1450–1550 cc)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less capacious (1300–1350 cc)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Glabella </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Orbits </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Square, rounded margins, small</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rounded, sharp margins, large</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Frontal and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"51df38de3d1692777194ced4c4bab5\">parietal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7cd7c82631692777187abb016ed2e\">eminence</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Less prominent </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prominent </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Zygomatic arch</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Occipital area</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mastoid process</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, round, blunt</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, smooth, pointed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Digastric groove</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Deep</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shallow</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Palate </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, U-shaped, broad</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, parabolic</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Foramen magnum</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Relatively large, long</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, round</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>External <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f17057f75016927771829e70074368\">auditory</span> meatus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bony ridge along upper border prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Male Pelvis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Female Pelvis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>General Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Massive, rougher, prominent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> markings</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less massive, slender, smoother, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> markings not prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Shape</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Deep funnel</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flat bowl</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acetabulum </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, 52 mm diameter</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, 46 mm diameter</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Obturator foramen</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, oval, base upwards</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, triangular, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2d7ea2751316927771816ceb31afee\">apex</span> forwards</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Greater <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb6159469169277719843ab627a07\">sciatic</span> notch</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Narrow, deep, small</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Broad, shallow, large</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ischial tuberosity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inverted</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Everted</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Body of pubis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Narrow, triangular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Broad, square, pits on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> surface, if borne children</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subpubic angle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>V-shaped, sharp angle, 70°–75°</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>U-shaped, rounded, broader angle, 90°–100°</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pelvic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e7d00e7451692777183a41163f256\">brim</span> or inlet</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heart-shaped</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular or elliptical-shaped</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pelvic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ddba4206eb169277718335596e86da\">cavity</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Conical, funnel-shaped</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Broad, round</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pelvic outlet </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smaller</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Larger</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/OjGY2urdX8Atu08pjLEl1740755838.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old individual with ambiguous genitalia presents for forensic sex determination. Both sex chromatin (Barr body) study and gonadal biopsy are performed. After a thorough examination, it was noted that no Barr bodies were identified, and the gonadal tissue revealed immature seminiferous tubules. Based on this information, which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The absence of Barr bodies indicates Turner syndrome.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The individual is chromosomally male but may have androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The presence of seminiferous tubules confirms chromosomal female sex.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The absence of Barr bodies automatically excludes mosaicism.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The individual is chromosomally male but may have androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0q6oKsfKzfVZvytsQdvy1740802713.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "An unidentified male body is brought to the mortuary for forensic examination. Upon evaluation, it is noted that the orbits of the skull are rounded, the palate is broad, and the teeth exhibit shovel-shaped incisors. The hair recovered from the body is straight and coarse. Based on the forensic findings, what is the most likely racial group of this individual?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "African descent", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Caucasian descent", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Asian descent", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hispanic descent", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Asian descent", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/RXGGPO6pOEMDki937TB91735889844.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/icK3rrJRLv7gpG1UX5H21735889860.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KX2Ep8iseSpwZEjgqxaq1735888938.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:685px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Caucasian (White)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mongolian (Yellow)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Negro (Black)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skull</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rounded</p>\n<p>(Mesaticephalic)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Square</p>\n<p>(Brachycephalic)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Narrow and elongated</p>\n<p>(Dolicocephalic)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Face</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Straight lower face - orthognathism</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large and flattened, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5e3350aab16927771912aa39c71f5\">malar</span> bones prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Jaw projecting - prognathism, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5e3350aab16927771912aa39c71f5\">malar</span> bones prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hair</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cross section</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Round to oval</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cylindrical/ Round</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Elliptical</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Medulla</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fragmented</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Non-fragmented</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fragmented</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cuticle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Medium</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thick</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Palate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Triangular</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rounded</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rectangular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teeth</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Chisel-shaped Incisors</li>\n<li>Carabelli’s <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"390b319abc16927771852902093fde\">Cusp</span> -accessory <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"390b319abc16927771852902093fde\">cusp</span> in maxillary first molar. Total of 5 cusps.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Pechenkina \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Open Access\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusp_of_Carabelli#/media/File:Carabelli.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1999\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/RXGGPO6pOEMDki937TB91735889844.png\" width=\"1691\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Smaller Teeth</li>\n<li>Narrower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02cf7655661692777185e2bf5c3254\">Dental</span> Arches</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Shovel-shaped Incisors</li>\n<li>Peg-shaped Teeth</li>\n<li>Taurodontism-body of the tooth is enlarged at the expense of the roots</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Challiyan\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taurodontism.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1999\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/icK3rrJRLv7gpG1UX5H21735889860.png\" width=\"1624\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Larger Teeth</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hypocone- a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"390b319abc16927771852902093fde\">cusp</span> on the upper molars</li>\n<li>Larger Teeth</li>\n<li>Less Frequent Shovel-shaped Incisors</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Limbs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Proportional to body</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smaller</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Longer</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2WLh4i4L2Xuk6tiYtlue1740660133.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A young male is brought to the emergency department unconscious after a car accident. Despite resuscitation efforts, he is declared dead. The medical examiner is called to conduct a post-mortem examination. The patient has no identification, and his body was found far from any populated area. During the autopsy, the cephalic index (CI) of the skull is calculated to be 83. Based on this information, which population ancestry does this person most likely belong to?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Aboriginal", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Central European", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mongolian", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Caucasian", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Mongolian", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:691px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skull Shape</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cephalic Index (CI)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Population</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dolichocephalic</strong></p>\n<p>(Long-headed)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>70-74.99</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pure Aryans, Aborigines, African (Negroid) <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mesaticephalic</strong></p>\n<p>(Medium-headed)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>75-79.99</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>European (Caucasoid), Chinese, Indians. <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brachycephalic</strong></p>\n<p>(Short-headed)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>80-84.99</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>East Asian (Mongoloid) <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/iSvX8idGL96npWFUdROT1740659984.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 35 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. 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The location was discovered with the help of a sniffer dog, as they were tracing a 25-year-old IT worker who had gone missing the night before. To determine the identity of the victim, the team needs to gather a suitable sample. Which type of tissue from a charred body is most effective for identification purposes?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hair", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bone", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Teeth", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Blood", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Teeth", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the substance identified by Barberio's test, which was conducted on the stains from a sexual assault incident involving an 18-year-old female and a 20-year-old male?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spermine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Acid phosphatase", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Choline", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Fructose", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Spermine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/CwzUs3FrO9fHtdn7fvwl1747122762.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the fingerprint pattern shown in the image:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Whorl", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Composite", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Loop", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Arch", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Arch", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/kB2xhvafHFdx4rUteQ9d1747122294.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/vdqiVnoocVV3u4EAR5MZ1748245943.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A deceased male was brought to the morgue for a post-mortem examination. His relatives reported that he had a tattoo over his skin, which was not found on examination. Which of the following structures would you examine?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lymph nodes", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Liver", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Arteries", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Skin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Lymph nodes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Age of tattoo</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Firm union, reddish/bluish scar: 5-6 days</li>\n<li>Pale, soft and sensitive (tender): 2 weeks-2 months</li>\n<li>Tough, brownish, glistening, wrinkled and little tender: 2-6 months</li>\n<li>Tough, white, glistening and non-tender: &gt; 6 months</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dyes Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Common dyes: Indigo, cobalt, carbon, vermilion, cadmium, selenium, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6ee66a5d5d16927771966f1ea457eb\">Prussian blue</span> and Indian ink</li>\n<li>Black, blue and red dyes are most commonly employed</li>\n<li>Depth of penetration: 50-3000 times a minute</li>\n<li>Pigment can migrate to nearby <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4df97a6cbf169277719172fd1af767\">lymph</span> nodes <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Erasure Methods</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Surgical methods:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dermabrasion (e.g., tannic acid, silver nitrate, trichloroacetic acid)</li>\n<li>Complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20b3ce06c5169277718756ee95c1e9\">excision</span> and skin grafting</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Non-surgical methods:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Production of burns by means of red hot iron</li>\n<li>Scarification</li>\n<li>Using <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c32b3a9fac16927771831530888fdf\">carbon dioxide</span> snow</li>\n<li>Electrolysis</li>\n<li>Caustic or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16a98a214c16927771852d7f6c344e\">corrosive</span> substances</li>\n<li>Chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfcf3a19b2169277718637c5eb0e74\">eczema</span> may cause tattoo designs to disappear</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following weapons with the potential injuries they may cause: A. Axe 1. Incised wound B. RTA (Road Traffic Accident) 2. Train track bruise C. Blade 3. Grazed abrasion D. Lathi 4. Chop wound", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Blunt Force Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sharp Force Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Abrasion: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">Superficial</span> damage to the skin (scraping, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ae59957c1692777197359406f6f4\">rubbing</span> off the outer layer).</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Contusion: </strong>Bruise caused by blood vessels rupturing under the skin due to impact.</li>\n<li><strong>Laceration: </strong>Irregular tear in the skin or tissue caused by crushing or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> trauma.</li>\n<li><strong>Fractures/Dislocations:</strong> Breaks or misalignment of bones due to strong <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> impact.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incision: </strong>A clean-cut wound where the length is greater than the depth.</li>\n<li><strong>Stab Wound: </strong>A deep wound where the depth is greater than the length.</li>\n<li><strong>Chop Wound: A deep wound often associated with underlying fractures caused by heavy-bladed tools like an axe.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the type of skull fracture in the given image ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Diastatic", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Depressed", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Fissured", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Comminuted", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Fissured", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/YVepcoyPTgJKEhQwz2Vb1746604264.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/nM158vApFvEbKMXTdsay1745834474.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/4WCrNN1z1D3Y8voQBHfs1745834482.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2orvjIjlbTgWrDQksHin1745834495.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zc2HZzzz6FTnYnnNGrFJ1745834503.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WGV5HJLa4CUyaWwMpznQ1745834514.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Fissured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Linear Fracture) </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Diastatic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Sutural Fracture) (Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The most common skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> accounts for about 70% of cases.</li>\n<li>Linear cracks may involve the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47effe8b551692777201331142edf5\">vertex</span> or skull base. It can affect the full <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"facd67f6341692777200653d383689\">thickness</span> of the bone or just the inner/outer layers.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> and fine, sometimes hard to detect on X-rays. It runs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"635a7ea50e16927771944f08f17aed\">parallel</span> to the compressive force.</li>\n<li>No depression of bone fragments.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves the separation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b7b5460171692777185e6e2475f8c\">cranial</span> sutures.</li>\n<li>More common in children.</li>\n<li>Often occurs with other skull fractures, especially fissured fractures.</li>\n<li>Commonly seen at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862a709fba1692777198c35e274398\">sagittal</span> suture.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Causes:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Impact against broad surfaces (e.g., falls or road traffic accidents).</li>\n<li>Falls on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> or buttocks, transmitting force upwards.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Causes:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blunt trauma to the head.</li>\n<li><strong>Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cd42e0ddad1692777190d18c595ec5\">intracranial</span> pressure leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">suture</span> separation.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Hellerhoff\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wachsende_Schaedelfraktur_6mo-14moW_-_CR_seitlich_-_001.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"202\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/nM158vApFvEbKMXTdsay1745834474.png\" width=\"466\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Narrow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2af124a931692777203c9f8031b77\">fissure</span> skull fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"301\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/4WCrNN1z1D3Y8voQBHfs1745834482.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Depressed Fracture</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Comminuted Fracture</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gutter Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Occurs when a fragment of the skull is pushed inward towards the brain.</li>\n<li>Caused by blows from heavy objects with a small surface (e.g., hammers, bricks).</li>\n<li>The shape of the depressed area may resemble the object that caused the injury.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Variants:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Elevated Fracture: </strong>One end of the fractured fragment is raised above the skull, while the other is pushed inward. Caused by sharp objects like an axe.</li>\n<li><strong>Pond Fracture: </strong>Seen in infants, this smooth depression occurs without a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line, resembling <strong>a dent in a ping-pong ball.</strong> Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9427862c811692777194034ade4877\">obstetrics</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c01b366a9c1692777203ef77069d2c\">forceps</span> blade.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves multiple intersecting <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> lines, breaking the bone into several fragments.</li>\n<li>Caused by high-impact trauma (e.g., vehicular accidents, crushing injuries).</li>\n<li>It may occur alongside other fractures (e.g., fissured or depressed fractures).</li>\n<li>Spider web-like patterns on an X-ray are characteristic of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c8512bb5d169277718470669bd36e\">comminuted</span> fractures.</li>\n<li>In severe cases, bone fragments may penetrate the brain or become displaced.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21ee3a5f911692777188099a3310c4\">groove</span> or channel is formed in the skull bone, often due to <strong>an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd88c7c9741692777194fe0cc9abaa\">oblique</span> bullet wound. </strong></li>\n<li>Frequently associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c8512bb5d169277718470669bd36e\">comminuted</span> and depressed fractures of the inner skull table.</li>\n<li>Bone fragments can cause injury to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f171f7433d1692777192c344425c41\">meninges</span> or brain.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"National Institutes of Health, Health &amp; Human Services\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Open access\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_fracture#/media/File:Depressed_skull_fracture.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"185\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/2orvjIjlbTgWrDQksHin1745834495.png\" width=\"304\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Depressed fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Laboratoires Servier\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kind_of_fractures_-_Comminuted_--_Smart-Servier.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"470\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/zc2HZzzz6FTnYnnNGrFJ1745834503.png\" width=\"150\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Comminuted fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"301\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/WGV5HJLa4CUyaWwMpznQ1745834514.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Gutter fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Under which doctrine is the doctor not responsible when a patient with life-threatening injuries arrives at the casualty without time for consent and the doctor initiates life-saving procedures with the utmost care, but unfortunately, the patient still succumbs to death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Res ipsa loquitur", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Doctrine of anticipation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Doctrine of extended consent", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Doctrine of conjugated consent", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Doctrine of anticipation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Doctrine</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Application</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Res ipsa loquitur</td>\n<td>Presumption of negligence</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Doctrine of anticipation</strong></td>\n<td><strong>Emergency life-saving treatment without consent</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Doctrine of extended consent</td>\n<td>Consent extended to related findings during surgery</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the condition shown in the image.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Postmortem lividity", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Marbling", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Fillgree burns", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Subcutaneous emphysema", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Marbling", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/33BtlIOUHvVMuTfQSbyJ1745833065.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/JmBz15HMkt3UK8i1JXgf1745833135.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GEOZPTurJhnO2UClV0r71745833153.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PwHmpZxXNPbnyXphulgZ1745833164.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/owExClk3gD1OlWLk9lV31745833261.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KYTizcJCHFx7C1j5uE8V1745833273.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to a characteristic pattern in the skin caused by decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>After death, bacteria spread through blood vessels, decomposing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> into sulfmethemoglobin, which causes greenish or reddish-brown <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> of the vessel walls.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pattern </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Marbled pattern follows a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d02067c4b51692777191b8eec8b062\">linear</span> branching pattern, resembling tree branches, which initially appears red and later transitions to a greenish hue.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset and Timing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Begins to develop 24 hours after death.</li>\n<li>Becomes prominent by 36-48 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color Changes Over Time</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin’s reddish-green marbling may turn dark green or nearly black within 3 to 4 days.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Areas of Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shoulders, roots of the limbs, thighs, sides of the abdomen, chest, and neck.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps in determining the time since death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"M. Lee Goff\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Post-mortem-marbling-of-body-Photo-courtesy-William-C-Rodriguez_fig2_26318784\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"177\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/JmBz15HMkt3UK8i1JXgf1745833135.png\" width=\"300\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Marbling </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Filigree Burns</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Nature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Superficial thin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4632fe89141692777200f671693e55\">tortuous</span> skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Starts within 24 hours after death.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Colour</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Red</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site of Occurrence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood vessels</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin surface</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps determine the time since death.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Indicates electrical injuries or lighting.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"M. Lee Goff\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Post-mortem-marbling-of-body-Photo-courtesy-William-C-Rodriguez_fig2_26318784\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"220\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/owExClk3gD1OlWLk9lV31745833261.png\" width=\"300\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mahajan, Prof Ajay &amp; Rajan, Ruchika &amp; Regan, Padraic. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Characteristic-Lichtenberg-figures-seen-on-the-right-side-of-the-neck-chest-abdomen-and_fig1_6175256\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"255\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/KYTizcJCHFx7C1j5uE8V1745833273.png\" width=\"200\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the approximate age of a person in whom the medial end of the clavicle is fused and also the sternum is completely fused:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "&amp;lt;18 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "18-22 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "22-25 years", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "&amp;gt;25 years", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 22-25 years", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Sternum</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Manubrium</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5<sup>th</sup>-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>60–70 years (manubrio-sternal joint)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1<sup>st</sup> sternebrae</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5<sup>th</sup>-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14-25 years (from below upwards; 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup>-15 years; 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup>-20 years; 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup>-25 years)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> sternebrae</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>7<sup>th</sup>-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4<sup>th</sup> sternebrae</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10<sup>th</sup>-month IUL</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Xiphisternum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>3<sup>rd</sup> year postnatal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>40-45 years (with body)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Clavicle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medial end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5<sup>th</sup>-7<sup>th</sup> week IUL (1<sup>st</sup> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3be8c9fc131692777194e15d6aeef3\">Ossification</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1feb2a0a3016927771847db9449f75\">centre</span> overall to appear in fetus)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>20-22 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Scapula</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Coracoid base</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10-11 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14-17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Acromion process</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14-16 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A girl was allegedly kidnapped by a man. In court, she says that she is a major and is married to the man, X-ray images of her elbow, wrist and pelvis are given. What is the approximate age of the girl?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "14 to 15 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "16 to 17 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "18 to 19 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "21 to 22 years", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 21 to 22 years", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/fBxpAWYIRWWs7I6Fl71s1747048660.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/e5V6uFWlPyjvibGWgfKc1747048685.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/PNh2OsY7aqCAbZqqakQh1747048707.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Upper Limb</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Humerus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Head</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At 5-6 years, the three <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bdb5481f1692777203cbadf50a71\">fuse</span> together (conjoint epiphysis), and at 17-18 years, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bdb5481f1692777203cbadf50a71\">fuse</span> with the shaft.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Greater tubercle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>3 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lesser tubercle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Capitulum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At 14-15 years, all three fuses with the shaft</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Trochlea</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9-10 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lateral epicondyle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10-11 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medial epicondyle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5-6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Radius</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5-6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15-17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1-2 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-19 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Ulna</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>8-9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15-17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5-6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-19 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Carpals</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pisiform</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9-12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Other Carpals</p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1b4bf3b7916927771838d6915860b\">capitate</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"67cb40545f16927771882e55a0620e\">hamate</span> bones ossify during infancy, with the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1b4bf3b7916927771838d6915860b\">capitate</span> appearing first at 36<sup>th</sup> week (3-4 months age). Between ages 2 and 6, the number of visible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones on an X-ray roughly corresponds to the child's age (e.g., 3 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones indicate approximately 3 years old).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Lower limb bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hip Bone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Ischiopubic rami</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>7 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Triradiate cartilage</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>12-14 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Iliac crest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15-16 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>19-21 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Ischial tuberosity</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16-17 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>20-22 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Femur</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Head</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Greater trochanter</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14-15 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lesser trochanter</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>14 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16-17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9 months IUL (at birth)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Tibia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At birth</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Fibula</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>2 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>16-17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p><strong>Tarsals</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Calcaneum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>5th month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>17-18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Talus</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>7th month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Cuboid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>9th month IUL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\"> </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What will be the gestational age of the fetus if the crown rump length is 21 cm and the length of the lower limb is 10 cm?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "6 to 7 months", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "4 to 5 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "7 to 8 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Term", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 6 to 7 months", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following traits is a feature of the female skull ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Larger teeth", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mastoid medium-large", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mandible Rounded", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Zygomatic is more pronounced", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Mandible Rounded", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Male skull </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Female skull </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>General Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Larger, heavier, rugged, marked <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> ridges</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smaller, lighter, walls thinner, smoother</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Forehead </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Receding, irregular, rough, less rounded</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Vertical, round, full, infantile, smooth</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cranial capacity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More capacious (1450–1550 cc)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less capacious (1300–1350 cc)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Glabella </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Orbits </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Square, rounded margins, small</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rounded, sharp margins, large</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Frontal and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"51df38de3d1692777194ced4c4bab5\">parietal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7cd7c82631692777187abb016ed2e\">eminence</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Less prominent </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prominent </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Zygomatic arch</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Occipital area</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mastoid process</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, round, blunt</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, smooth, pointed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Digastric groove</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Deep</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shallow</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Palate </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, U-shaped, broad</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, parabolic</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Foramen magnum</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Relatively large, long</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, round</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>External <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f17057f75016927771829e70074368\">auditory</span> meatus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bony ridge along upper border prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The most reliable criteria among Gustafson's criteria for age estimation is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Root resorption", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Paradentosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Translucency of root", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Attrition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Translucency of root", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a forensic examination, a skull bone was brought by police whose cephalic index came out to be 85. Skull bone belongs to which race?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Negroes", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Aryan", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "European", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Mongoloids", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Mongoloids", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:691px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skull Shape</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cephalic Index (CI)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Population</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dolichocephalic</strong></p>\n<p>(Long-headed)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>70-74.99</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pure Aryans, Aborigines, African (Negroid) <strong>(Options A, B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mesaticephalic</strong></p>\n<p>(Medium-headed)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>75-79.99</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>European (Caucasoid), Chinese, Indians. <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brachycephalic</strong></p>\n<p>(Short-headed)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>80-84.99</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>East Asian (Mongoloid)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which confirmatory test is utilized by forensic experts to establish the presence of a bloodstain at a crime scene?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spectroscopic test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Kastle meyer test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Benzidine test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Orthotoluidine test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Spectroscopic test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/NJ57q3fOikCewh1E5ht81747898085.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/NvkdORQGPzqrj1CvcXNN1747898123.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Takayama Test</strong></p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"Takayama test\" data-author=\"Vanessa Stewart, Paul Deacon, Nathalie Zahra, Mari Uchimoto, Kevin Farrugia\" data-hash=\"13115\" data-license=\"CC BY NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/15029667/Farrugia_TheEffectOfMarkEnhancementTechniquesOnThePresumptiveAndConfirmatoryTests_Author_2018.pdf\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/NJ57q3fOikCewh1E5ht81747898085.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> by forming red, feathery crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dcccae21671692777196dc33208a39\">pyridine</span> ferroprotoporphyrin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teichmann Test</strong></p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"PFM016 Teichmann Test\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"13116\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://elearning.raghunathpurcollege.ac.in/files/CE08FC0816227718690.pdf\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/NvkdORQGPzqrj1CvcXNN1747898123.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> to hemin, creating brownish-yellow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0115afa2131692777197b45ae0d136\">rhomboid</span> crystals, confirming blood presence.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Precipitin Test </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Identifies species origin through antibody-antigen reactions, using antisera specific to human blood.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>HemaTrace Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uses <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2b82438d6169277719287eb450079\">monoclonal</span> antibodies to detect human hemoglobin, showing a visible pink band for confirmation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the tooth type with its corresponding age of eruption. A. Canine 6-7 years B. Lateral incisor 8-9 years C. First molar 11-12 years D. Third molar 17-25 years", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/zfrAk5TOXCvAVayLKlEn1745297584.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/0A6RRwAOrEoypOwPX1ci1745297649.png"], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Tooth Type</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Age of Eruption</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A. <strong>Canine</strong></td>\n<td><strong>11–12 years</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B. <strong>Lateral incisor</strong></td>\n<td><strong>8–9 years</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C. <strong>First molar</strong></td>\n<td><strong>6–7 years</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D. <strong>Third molar</strong></td>\n<td><strong>17–25 years</strong></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:689px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teeth</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ages of Eruption (Temporary)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ages of Eruption (Permanent)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mixed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"76e17c45ef16927771851bc19cfc04\">Dentition</span> Period</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lower central incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Upper central incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–8 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> incisors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–12 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7–9 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Canines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>17–18 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>11–12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>11–12 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>First premolars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9–11 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9–11 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Second premolars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–12 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>First molars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–14 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–7 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6–7 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Second molars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>20–30 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–14 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–14 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Third molars</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>—</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>17–25 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No mixed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"76e17c45ef16927771851bc19cfc04\">dentition</span> (Permanent only)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "When do fingerprints first develop during intrauterine life?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "12-16 weeks", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "20-24 weeks", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "28-32 weeks", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "32-36 weeks", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 12-16 weeks", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/2McxcnxrCpTy6IjqSGba1745297262.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Permanent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4885d5d0021692777189aac6dc80f7\">impairment</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d8465bf7bc1692777202d6b3e6c8bd\">fingerprint</span> patterns</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leprosy, electric injury, and after exposure to radiation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ridge <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ff5253fb169277718224c7b0faf8\">atrophy</span> with alteration of ridge pattern</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Celiac disease, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4cbd4af34169277718043cb22ccb5\">acanthosis</span> nigricans,</p>\n<p>scleroderma, and dry and atrophic skin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>L</strong><strong>oss of fingerprints</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anti-cancer drug- capecitabine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Elderly persons</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fingerprints that are difficult to capture, since the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d6c754309d16927771874142ec8ca4\">elasticity</span> of skin decreases with age</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>No fingerprints </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Genetic disorders like Baird syndrome</p>\n<p>(congenital milia), Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome (dyskeratosis</p>\n<p>congenita),Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadasohn syndrome,dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, and adermatoglyphia</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pattern Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Frequency (%)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Loop (Ulnar/radial)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60-70</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Whorl</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30-35</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arch</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5-10</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Composite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1-5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "All of the following are used in the identification of a dead body except?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Teeth", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Blood", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Nail", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Muscle", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Nail", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:697px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Samples Collected from Dead Bodies</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fresh Dead Bodies</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use unclotted 10 mL blood in a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc3d080799169277719904701c07f9\">sterile</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> tube as the preferred DNA source.</li>\n<li>EDTA buffers <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b3de87b7c16927771901326efbcd2\">inhibit</span> DNA-degrading nucleases.</li>\n<li>Clotted blood is unsuitable due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09be7d1f11169277720210bf5b0280\">WBC</span> settling.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intermediate Postmortem</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brain tissue is a good DNA source.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Advanced Decomposition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hard tissues like bone and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> (vascular pulp) are ideal for DNA extraction.</li>\n<li>Recommended materials: muscle, spleen, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b9831f3aa169277718395d7361df6\">bone marrow</span> (femur), and molars.</li>\n<li>Postmortem samples are less reliable due to DNA <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d395f610461692777185cbe8b8806d\">degradation</span> and putrefaction.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:697px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Samples Collected from Living Subjects</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Collect 5 mL <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> blood in an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> vacutainer (purple stopper) and mix gently.</li>\n<li>Avoid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"050e27829716927771885eddb2620c\">heparin</span> as it interferes with PCR.</li>\n<li>Preserve at 2–8°C (do not freeze).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Buccal Epithelial Cells</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d72626dd5c1692777183f1c92b2deb\">buccal</span> swabs as a noninvasive, inexpensive, and easy alternative for DNA collection.</li>\n<li>Swab the mouth for 10 seconds without touching the tip, then place in a receptacle to dry.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hair Follicles with Roots</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Pluck 10–20 hairs from the head.</li>\n<li>Roots contain nuclear DNA; shafts contain mitochondrial DNA.</li>\n<li>Naturally shed or cut hairs may still provide DNA from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6f7ad44aa1692777193665a7f5d9a\">nucleated</span> corneocytes.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:697px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Samples Encountered in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">Forensic</span> Practice</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found as EDTA/heparinized, clotted, or stains on cloth, wood, or tiles.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Semen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found as stains on cloth, paper, or floors.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hair</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on the head, body, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fff48ca9da16927771966fd16bbacc\">pubic</span> regions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tissue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Includes bone marrow, muscle, spleen, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5089296e801692777202c49d61e9f4\">fingernail</span> scrapings.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Saliva</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on mouth swabs, cigarette butts, envelopes, or glasses.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "When does the talus become ossified during intrauterine life?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "3 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "7 months", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "9 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "2 months", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 7 months", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - 7 months \n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 10-year-old child presenting for a dental examination, what is the expected number of permanent and temporary teeth?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "20 &amp;amp; 4", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "24 &amp;amp; 0", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "16 &amp;amp; 8", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "12 &amp;amp; 12", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 20 &amp; 4", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - 20 &amp;amp; 4 \n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In a forensic investigation, the police recover a beheaded skull bone and receive a photograph of a missing person from their relatives. These two samples can be analyzed using which technique?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Fingerprint", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "DNA Fingerprint", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Superimposition", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Cheiloscopy", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Superimposition", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Su\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Following the death of a 40-year-old male patient, his relatives mention that he had a tattoo on his body. However, upon autopsy, no tattoo is observed on the skin. What is the best location to check for the presence of the tattoo?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spleen", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Artery", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lymph node", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Liver", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Lymph node", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4df97a6cbf169277719172fd1af767\"&gt;Lymph&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b10ce4acbf169277719323ffd12306\"&gt;node&lt;/span&g\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the following image.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hinderer's line", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Langer's lines", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Blaschko lines", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dermatomes", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Langer's lines", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/pmPRYg4nYWttQ9DfFMFI1746166789.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/E0Yw3EdqPxtSnv2TkZFq1746166852.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/vO9MiIOGEY30cmf2dfkd1746005520.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A vegetable vendor with no criminal history went missing and was found dead a week later with advanced decomposition. How would you identify the body?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "General recognition", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "DNA profiling", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Dental records", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Fingerprints", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. DNA profiling", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the finding that is seen in antemortem drowning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cadaveric spasm", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pugilistic attitude", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Washerwoman hand", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Emphysema aquosum", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Cadaveric spasm", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/IRRvYsOH0ujrniXK1cY71747302492.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/vRPu30qyAiknUmFEAkQZ1747302526.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/NNfzVeMzTMQ29VBqlXSp1747302526.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:613px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cadaveric spasm, also known as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"719164f4ef1692777183c61abc7913\">cataleptic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ab07bba3016927771976de44bf865\">rigidity</span> or instantaneous rigor, is an ante-mortem phenomenon occurring immediately at the time of death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>ATP <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7061e0e0051692777186ba9c5f27df\">depletion</span> in a specific group of muscles that were contracted just before death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Muscles that were in use at the time of death remain stiff and rigid immediately after death.</li>\n<li>No primary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> phase, but secondary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> occurs during decomposition.</li>\n<li>Cannot be artificially induced, making it an exclusively ante-mortem finding.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cadaveric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0338b655da16927771984b872baabb\">spasm</span> helps in determining whether <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> was ante-mortem or post-mortem.</p>\n<p>In cases of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> drowning, the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0338b655da16927771984b872baabb\">spasm</span> can cause the victim to tightly grip objects like weeds or mud, indicating they were alive and struggling before death. This provides evidence of active efforts during the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> process.</p>\n<p> </p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ajith Rathnaweera\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Clenched-both-hands-with-cadaveric-spasm_fig1_342568293\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"353\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/vRPu30qyAiknUmFEAkQZ1747302526.png\" width=\"279\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p> </p>\n<p>Conversely, if no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c0e0073bd16927771849519bc7cdf\">cadaveric spasm</span> is present, it may suggest post-mortem immersion, indicating that the body was placed in water after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 35 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - 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The accused could not understand the nature or wrongness of their actions due to a mental defect.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Yl6KjfAWiQeZ3URhqeTF1748263319.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is NOT a rule for criminally insane individuals?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Curren’s Rule", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Durham’s Rule", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "American Law Institute Test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Morrison's Rule", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Morrison's Rule", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qMqGR1nsiZegyATRiQMD1740281269.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the FALSE statement on civil responsibilities of the insane from the following options:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A contract is void if one party lacks mental capacity at the time of the agreement.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mentally ill individuals can serve as guardians for their own property.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The Hindu Marriage Act permits annulment if one party is mentally unfit at the time of the ceremony.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A holographic will must be entirely in the testator's handwriting and meet specific validity criteria.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Mentally ill individuals can serve as guardians for their own property.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/OCnGsHMe4TeQaHZOcFor1740801053.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following best differentiates hallucination from illusion in perception disorders?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hallucination occurs with external stimuli, while illusion occurs without any stimuli.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hallucination is a false perception without an external stimulus, while illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hallucination and illusion are both voluntary perceptions of external objects.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hallucination is always visual, while illusion is always auditory.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hallucination is a false perception without an external stimulus, while illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2v2dY72R6GNftx7Uq5qN1745140041.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following types of delusions with their appropriate descriptions. 1. Othello Syndrome a) Belief that one is dead or putrefying. 2. Cotard Syndrome b) Belief that a spouse is unfaithful. 3. de Clérambault’s Syndrome c) Belief of being infested with parasites. 4. Ekbom Syndrome d) Belief that a higher-status person loves the individual.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Delusion of Grandeur : Belief of being very important or wealthy, often seen in mania.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Grandeur</li><li>↳ Delusion of Poverty : Conviction of impending loss of all material possessions.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Poverty</li><li>↳ Delusion of Infidelity/Jealousy (Othello Syndrome) : Belief that a spouse is unfaithful, leading to extreme actions. Males are more commonly affected.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Infidelity/Jealousy (Othello Syndrome)</li><li>↳ Delusion of Reference : Belief that media and others refer to the individual, often negatively.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Reference</li><li>↳ Delusion of Persecution : Belief that one is being harmed or poisoned by others, leading to potential violence.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Persecution</li><li>↳ Delusion of Influence/Control : Belief that one's thoughts and actions are controlled by external forces.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Influence/Control</li><li>↳ Hypochondriacal Delusion : Persistent fear of having a serious illness based on unrealistic interpretations.</li><li>↳ Hypochondriacal Delusion</li><li>↳ Delusion of Self-Reproach/Criticism : Self-blame for imagined offences, potentially leading to suicide.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Self-Reproach/Criticism</li><li>↳ Nihilistic Delusion : Belief that one does not exist or that the world does not exist, often seen in depression.</li><li>↳ Nihilistic Delusion</li><li>↳ Delusion of Doubles (Doppelganger) : Patients believe that another person has been physically transformed into themselves.</li><li>↳ Delusion of Doubles (Doppelganger)</li><li>↳ Erotomania (de Clérambault’s Syndrome) : Belief that someone of higher social status is in love with the individual.</li><li>↳ Erotomania (de Clérambault’s Syndrome)</li><li>↳ Capgras Syndrome : Belief that a close person has been replaced by an exact double.</li><li>↳ Capgras Syndrome</li><li>↳ Fregoli’s Phenomenon : Strangers are identified as familiar people.</li><li>↳ Fregoli’s Phenomenon</li><li>↳ Ekbom Syndrome (Delusions of Parasitosis) : Belief of being infested with parasites.</li><li>↳ Ekbom Syndrome (Delusions of Parasitosis)</li><li>↳ Folie à Deux : Shared delusions between two people.</li><li>↳ Folie à Deux</li><li>↳ Cotard Delusion/Syndrome : Belief that one is dead, does not exist, is putrefying, or has lost blood or internal organs.</li><li>↳ Cotard Delusion/Syndrome</li></u\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/kXdMOpQw3ReNV74jOY4x1745318490.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45 y/o man is brought to the psychiatric clinic by his wife. He claims that his wife has been replaced by an impostor who looks exactly like her but is not his real wife. He reports feeling anxious and confused about why others cannot see the difference. His medical history includes a previous diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Delusion of doubles", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Capgras syndrome", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Fregoli's phenomenon", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Schizoaffective disorder", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Capgras syndrome", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jJjnYdPMaCGOoh6MgLOj1745142362.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25 y/o woman presents to the dermatologist with intense itching and anxiety, convinced that tiny insects are crawling on her skin. She frequently inspects her body and applies various lotions to prevent what she believes are infestations, although no evidence of insects or bites is found on examination. She is aware that her fear may be exaggerated, but she cannot stop feeling anxious about it. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Delusional parasitosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Acarophobia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Acrophobia", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Agoraphobia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Acarophobia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:558px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acrophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of heights <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acarophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of mites/insects <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Claustrophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of confined spaces</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Needle Phobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of injections</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Algophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of pain</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Xenophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abnormal fear of strangers</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gamophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of marriage/relationships</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Zoophobia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fear of animals</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kleptomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive stealing</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dipsomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive drinking of alcohol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pyromania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Urge to set fires</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mutilomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desire to harm animals</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oniomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive shopping</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Trichotillomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive hair-pulling</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Suicidal Impulse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The urge to commit suicide, often <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3978e9614f1692777200abbe4cfa34\">triggered</span> by intoxication</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Homicidal Impulse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Urge to commit homicide, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d0fca798b1692777191b6cd41880f\">linked</span> to chronic intoxication</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/G7cnrjAT8vE8KNamnOSG1745142448.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements about the Mental Healthcare Act (MHCA) 2017 is NOT true?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The Act aims to align mental healthcare services with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It allows for both voluntary and involuntary admissions, with specific protocols for each.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The MHCA 2017 came into effect on July 7, 2020, replacing the previous Mental Health Act of 1987.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "It introduces advance directives that enable individuals to express their treatment preferences in advance.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The MHCA 2017 came into effect on July 7, 2020, replacing the previous Mental Health Act of 1987.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Overview of the Act : Purpose : Aims to provide comprehensive mental healthcare and services, aligning with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). (Option A ruled out) Implementation Date : Enacted on July 7, 2018, replacing the Mental Health Act of 1987.</li><li>↳ Overview of the Act</li><li>↳ Purpose : Aims to provide comprehensive mental healthcare and services, aligning with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). (Option A ruled out) Implementation Date : Enacted on July 7, 2018, replacing the Mental Health Act of 1987.</li><li>↳ Purpose : Aims to provide comprehensive mental healthcare and services, aligning with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). (Option A ruled out)</li><li>↳ Purpose</li><li>↳ (Option A ruled out)</li><li>↳ Implementation Date : Enacted on July 7, 2018, replacing the Mental Health Act of 1987.</li><li>↳ Implementation Date</li><li>↳ Key Provisions : Rights Protection : Focuses on protecting and promoting the rights of individuals during mental healthcare delivery; ensures treatment in the least restrictive environment. Admission Procedures : Specifies detailed protocols for voluntary and involuntary admissions; all admissions require notification to a Mental Health Review Board (MHRB) for stays exceeding 30 days. (Option B ruled out) Advance Directives : Introduces advance directives and nominated representatives, allowing individuals to express treatment preferences in advance . (Option D ruled out)</li><li>↳ Key Provisions</li><li>↳ Rights Protection : Focuses on protecting and promoting the rights of individuals during mental healthcare delivery; ensures treatment in the least restrictive environment. Admission Procedures : Specifies detailed protocols for voluntary and involuntary admissions; all admissions require notification to a Mental Health Review Board (MHRB) for stays exceeding 30 days. (Option B ruled out) Advance Directives : Introduces advance directives and nominated representatives, allowing individuals to express treatment preferences in advance . (Option D ruled out)</li><li>↳ Rights Protection : Focuses on protecting and promoting the rights of individuals during mental healthcare delivery; ensures treatment in the least restrictive environment.</li><li>↳ Rights Protection</li><li>↳ Admission Procedures : Specifies detailed protocols for voluntary and involuntary admissions; all admissions require notification to a Mental Health Review Board (MHRB) for stays exceeding 30 days. (Option B ruled out)</li><li>↳ Admission Procedures</li><li>↳ 30 days.</li><li>↳ (Option B ruled out)</li><li>↳ Advance Directives : Introduces advance directives and nominated representatives, allowing individuals to express treatment preferences in advance . (Option D ruled out)</li><li>↳ Advance Directives</li><li>↳ express treatment preferences in</li><li>↳ advance</li><li>↳ (Option D ruled out)</li><li>↳ Implementation Challenges : Resource Limitations : Acknowledges limited mental healthcare resources in India; provides a 10-year timeline for meeting international standards in human resource development for mental healthcare. Transition from Previous Legislation : Introduces stringent involuntary admission procedures compared to MHA 1987, requiring legal formalities that may delay treatment.</li><li>↳ Implementation Challenges</li><li>↳ Resource Limitations : Acknowledges limited mental healthcare resources in India; provides a 10-year timeline for meeting international standards in human resource development for mental healthcare. Transition from Previous Legislation : Introduces stringent involuntary admission procedures compared to MHA 1987, requiring legal formalities that may delay treatment.</li><li>↳ Resource Limitations : Acknowledges limited mental healthcare resources in India; provides a 10-year timeline for meeting international standards in human resource development for mental healthcare.</li><li>↳ Resource Limitations</li><li>↳ Transition from Previous Legislation : Introduces stringent involuntary admission procedures compared to MHA 1987, requiring legal formalities that may delay treatment.</li><li>↳ Transition from Previous Legislation</li><li>↳ Conclusion : The MHCA 2017 is a progressive step towards improving mental health care in India. Success depends on effective implementation despite existing resource constraints.</li><li>↳ Conclusion</li><li>↳ The MHCA 2017 is a progressive step towards improving mental health care in India. Success depends on effective implementation despite existing resource constraints.</li><li>↳ The MHCA 2017 is a progressive step towards improving mental health care in India.</li><li>↳ Success depends on effective implementation despite existing resource constraints.</li></u\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/wB0FgyDeeMD7NpWi1Lzu1745142590.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 34-year-old man is brought to the psychiatric unit after assaulting a bystander without provocation. He reports months of auditory hallucinations with threatening voices, disorganized thoughts, and paranoid delusions. He is distressed, has poor hygiene, has a flat affect, and shows no signs of manipulation or substance abuse. What is the most likely explanation for his symptoms?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "True insanity", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Feigned insanity", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Delusional disorder", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Personality disorder", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. True insanity", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>True <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f83d4dc2da169277719025e6ff657f\">Insanity</span> </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feigned <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f83d4dc2da169277719025e6ff657f\">Insanity</span> </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Onset</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gradual</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sudden</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Motive</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present (e.g., after a crime)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Predisposing Factors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually present (e.g., family history)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uniform, specific</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Variable, exaggerated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Activity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Careless, persists even when unobserved</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Only present when observed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Mood</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Excited, depressed, fluctuating</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Overacted to appear abnormal</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Facial Expression</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Peculiar, vacant, worried</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Frequently changing, exaggerated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Insomnia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inconsistent, resolves in a day or two</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Exertion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can endure exertion, fatigue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Breaks down after short exertion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Habits</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dirty and filthy</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clean, not neglected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Dressing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Careless</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reasonably proper</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Skin and Lips</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dry, harsh</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Normal</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Tongue</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coated</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clean</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Repeated Examinations</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Doesn't mind</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Resists for fear of detection</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/imL5PlJZWfX4nUfISKSe1748263470.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25 y/o man is brought to the ED after being found wandering outside his home late at night, appearing confused and disoriented. He has no recollection of the events that occurred while he was outside. This behaviour is consistent with which of the following?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Delirium", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Somnambulism", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Acute Psychosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hypnosis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Somnambulism", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:528px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Sleep apnea</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It occurs in the deeper sleep phases, primarily affecting stage N3 and REM sleep.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Narcolepsy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It involves skipping initial sleep phases and directly entering REM sleep, leading to persistent daytime sleepiness. This results in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> N3 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7fdc13a6a116927771865b3a13263e\">deep sleep</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> sleep patterns.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>REM sleep disorder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It<strong> </strong>involves <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da0efc783716927771803aec955db9\">acting out</span> dreams with vocalizations and movements due to disrupted muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3caa3ba2111692777182713201b915\">atonia</span> during REM sleep.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Somnambulism or sleepwalking</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It occurs during non-REM sleep, typically in the N3 phase. This is when individuals can make purposeful movements without <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da0efc783716927771803aec955db9\">acting out</span> their dreams, which happens in REM sleep.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5ZnxwfFAFm9fd5zqiqlO1745142161.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements is true about Psychosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "In psychosis, contact with reality is often preserved.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Individuals with psychosis typically exhibit empathy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Insight is always present", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "An organic causative factor is present.", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. An organic causative factor is present.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Psychosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>1. Contact with reality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lost</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Preserved <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>2. Interpersonal behavior</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Marked <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4586eccbe71692777186e577e31829\">disturbance</span> in personality and behaviour</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Preserved</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>3. Empathy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>4. Insight</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absence of understanding of current symptoms</p>\n<p>(insight absent)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Symptoms are recognized as undesirable</p>\n<p>(insight present) <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>5. Organic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f616aee08b169277718361438e1a91\">causative</span> factor</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>6. Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Delusions, illusions and hallucinations</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually physical or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31e024808f169277719632c7d01b89\">psychic</span> symptoms</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>7. Dealing with reality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Capacity is grossly impaired</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Preserved</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>8. Examples</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dementia, schizophrenia</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anxiety, phobia, depression, conversion disorder.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/kRdZ46olmuiBXhaDIE491745142020.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 21 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Match the following: Kleptomania Intense desire to drink alcoholic drinks 2. Pyromania B. Intense desire to mutilate 3. Mutilomania C. Intense desire to steal items of trivial value 4. Dipsomania D. Intense desire to burn things", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kleptomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is the intense desire to steal items of trivial value</li>\n<li>It is managed by insight-oriented psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, CBT, and behavioural therapies (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"686725cf89169277719994d7d523d1\">systematic</span> desensitization).</li>\n<li><strong>Medications</strong>: SSRIs, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"66bf14385516927772001b3646b855\">tricyclic</span> antidepressants, lithium, naltrexone.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pyromania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is the intense desire to burn things</li>\n<li>Treatment is challenging; CBT is the most promising approach,and family therapy is essential for youth.</li>\n<li>Limited medication options; potential benefits from SSRIs, lithium, and naltrexone.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mutilomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is the intense desire to mutilate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dipsomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is the<strong> </strong>intense desire to drink <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0751b802aa169277718100e38a1276\">alcoholic</span> drinks</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:545px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of impulses</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kleptomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive stealing</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dipsomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive drinking of alcohol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pyromania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Urge to set fires</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mutilomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intense desire to mutilate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oniomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive shopping</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Trichotillomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compulsive hair-pulling</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Suicidal Impulse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The urge to commit suicide, often <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3978e9614f1692777200abbe4cfa34\">triggered</span> by intoxication</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Homicidal Impulse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Urge to commit homicide, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d0fca798b1692777191b6cd41880f\">linked</span> to chronic intoxication</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Under the Mental Health Care Act 2017, a patient has the right to choose his or her caretaker and future course of action in treatment. What is this provision known as?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Treatment advice", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mental will", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Future directive", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Advance directive", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Advance directive", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Provisions Description</li><li>↳ Provisions</li><li>↳ Provisions</li><li>↳ Provisions</li><li>↳ Description</li><li>↳ Description</li><li>↳ Description</li><li>↳ Advance directive It is a legal document that allows individuals to specify their preferences regarding: Medical or mental health treatment in the future Particularly if they become incapable of making decisions at that time. Empower individuals to express their wishes regarding treatment, including choosing a caretaker or outlining their desired course of action. Advance directives are meant to ensure that an individual's autonomy and preferences are respected and followed in the event of incapacity.</li><li>↳ Advance directive</li><li>↳ Advance directive</li><li>↳ Advance directive</li><li>↳ It is a legal document that allows individuals to specify their preferences regarding: Medical or mental health treatment in the future Particularly if they become incapable of making decisions at that time. Empower individuals to express their wishes regarding treatment, including choosing a caretaker or outlining their desired course of action. Advance directives are meant to ensure that an individual's autonomy and preferences are respected and followed in the event of incapacity.</li><li>↳ It is a legal document that allows individuals to specify their preferences regarding:</li><li>↳ Medical or mental health treatment in the future Particularly if they become incapable of making decisions at that time. Empower individuals to express their wishes regarding treatment, including choosing a caretaker or outlining their desired course of action.</li><li>↳ Medical or mental health treatment in the future</li><li>↳ Particularly if they become incapable of making decisions at that time.</li><li>↳ Empower individuals to express their wishes regarding treatment, including choosing a caretaker or outlining their desired course of action.</li><li>↳ Advance directives are meant to ensure that an individual's autonomy and preferences are respected and followed in the event of incapacity.</li><li>↳ Treatment directive (Option A) It is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment if they cannot make decisions for themselves.</li><li>↳ Treatment directive (Option A)</li><li>↳ Treatment directive</li><li>↳ Treatment directive</li><li>↳ (Option A)</li><li>↳ (Option A)</li><li>↳ It is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment if they cannot make decisions for themselves.</li><li>↳ It is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment if they cannot make decisions for themselves.</li><li>↳ Mental will (Option B) It is not a commonly used term or provision in the context of mental health legislation; however, it is an advance directive for mental health care or the exercise of autonomy in mental health treatment decisions.</li><li>↳ Mental will (Option B)</li><li>↳ Mental will</li><li>↳ Mental will</li><li>↳ (Option B)</li><li>↳ (Option B)</li><li>↳ It is not a commonly used term or provision in the context of mental health legislation; however, it is an advance directive for mental health care or the exercise of autonomy in mental health treatment decisions.</li><li>↳ It is not a commonly used term or provision in the context of mental health legislation; however, it is an advance directive for mental health care or the exercise of autonomy in mental health treatment decisions.</li><li>↳ Future directive (Option C) It is a general term that could refer to various legal documents or provisions related to specifying preferences or instructions for future medical or mental health treatment.</li><li>↳ Future directive (Option C)</li><li>↳ Future directive</li><li>↳ Future directive</li><li>↳ (Option C)</li><li>↳ (Option C)</li><li>↳ It is a general term that could refer to various legal documents or provisions related to specifying preferences or instructions for future medical or mental health treatment.</li><li>↳ It is a general term that could refer to various legal documents or provisions related to specifying preferences or instructions for future medical or mental health treatment.</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Provisions </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Description </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Advance directive </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is a legal document that allows individuals to specify their preferences regarding:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Medical or mental health treatment in the future</li>\n<li>Particularly if they become incapable of making decisions at that time.</li>\n<li>Empower individuals to express their wishes regarding treatment, including choosing a caretaker or outlining their desired course of action.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p>Advance directives are meant to ensure that an individual's autonomy and preferences are respected and followed in the event of incapacity.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment directive</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment if they cannot make decisions for themselves.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mental will </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is not a commonly used term or provision in the context of mental health legislation; however, it is an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a7ad3beb9b16927771800c0751317c\">advance directive</span> for mental health care or the exercise of autonomy in mental health treatment decisions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Future directive</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is a general term that could refer to various legal documents or provisions related to specifying preferences or instructions for future medical or mental health treatment.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the term used to refer to the provision in the Mental Health Care Act 2017, which grants a patient the right to select their caregiver and determine their future treatment plan?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Treatment directive", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mental will", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Future directive", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Advance directive", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Advance directive", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ The Mental Health Care Act 2017 in India allows patients to create an advance directive , which enables them to select their caregiver and outline their treatment preferences for the future, especially in situations where they may be unable to make decisions due to their mental health condition.</li><li>↳ Mental Health Care Act 2017</li><li>↳ advance directive</li><li>↳ Advance directives of the Mental Health Care Act, 2017:</li><li>↳ Advance directives of the Mental Health Care Act, 2017:</li><li>↳ Every person who is not a minor can create an advance directive. Individuals can specify how they wish to be treated for a mental illness. Individuals can specify how they do not want to be treated for a mental illness. Individuals can appoint a nominated representative. The nominated representative's role is activated only when the individual loses the capacity to make decisions. The psychiatrist or medical officer in charge of treatment is responsible for ensuring that care aligns with the patient's advance directive. The patient, caregiver, or nominated representative is responsible for providing access to the advance directive for the psychiatrist or medical officer in charge. The doctor cannot be held liable if unforeseen consequences arise from following a valid advance directive. Advance directives are not applicable in emergency treatment situations.</li><li>↳ Every person who is not a minor can create an advance directive.</li><li>↳ Individuals can specify how they wish to be treated for a mental illness.</li><li>↳ Individuals can specify how they do not want to be treated for a mental illness.</li><li>↳ Individuals can appoint a nominated representative.</li><li>↳ The nominated representative's role is activated only when the individual loses the capacity to make decisions.</li><li>↳ The psychiatrist or medical officer in charge of treatment is responsible for ensuring that care aligns with the patient's advance directive.</li><li>↳ The patient, caregiver, or nominated representative is responsible for providing access to the advance directive for the psychiatrist or medical officer in charge.</li><li>↳ The doctor cannot be held liable if unforeseen consequences arise from following a valid advance directive.</li><li>↳ Advance directives are not applicable in emergency treatment situations.</li></u\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which statement most accurately characterizes paradoxical suicide?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Suicide occurring at the time when the patient starts to recover", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Suicide after taking a low dose of a drug", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Accidental completion of suicide", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "None of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Suicide occurring at the time when the patient starts to recover", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Under the Mental Healthcare Act 2017, what is the longest duration for which an individual can voluntarily admit themselves for mental health treatment?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "48 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "7 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "30 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "90 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 30 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - 30 days:</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Admission of patients with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e644108b4816927771929dda431b8e\">mental illness</span> according to the Mental Healthcare Act 2017</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section 85</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Admission of a person with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e644108b4816927771929dda431b8e\">mental illness</span> as an independent patient in a mental health establishment.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section 86</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Independent admission and treatment.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section 87</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Admission of minors.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section 88</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Discharge of independent patients.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section 89</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supported admission:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>An individual who requires admission due to threats or attempts of bodily harm to themselves or others or who is unable to care for themselves and has lost the capacity to make decisions regarding their mental healthcare or treatment.</li>\n<li>A nominated representative can provide consent for the admission.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section 90</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Supported admission beyond 30 days.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which one of the options pertains to McNaughten's rule?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "IPC 84", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "IPC 85", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "IPC 86", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "IPC 87", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. IPC 84", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the term used to refer to the provision in the Mental Health Care Act 2017, which grants a patient the right to select their caregiver and determine their future treatment plan?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Treatment directive", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mental will", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Future directive", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Advance directive", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Advance directive", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Incorrect Options:</li><li>↳ Incorrect Options:</li><li>↳ Option A. Treatment directive: This term is not commonly used in the context of the Mental Health Care Act 2017 or mental health legislation.</li><li>↳ Option A.</li><li>↳ Option B. Mental will: This term is not recognized and is not commonly used in the field of mental health legislation.</li><li>↳ Option B.</li><li>↳ Option C . Future directive: Although similar in meaning to an advance directive, the specific term \"future directive\" is not commonly used in the context of the Mental Health Care Act 2017 or mental health legislation in general.</li><li>↳ Option C</li></u\n<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ An advance directive is a legal document that allows individuals to express their healthcare preferences in advance, in case they become unable to make decisions in the future.</li><li>↳ It provides instructions about the type of medical treatment desired or refused, including life-sustaining measures.</li><li>↳ An advance directive can appoint a healthcare proxy or a durable power of attorney for healthcare, who can make decisions on behalf of the individual.</li><li>↳ It helps ensure that healthcare providers and family members are aware of the individual's wishes and can make informed decisions about their medical care.</li></u\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 17 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "The dead body shows the following finding as in image . What is this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hanging", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Throttling", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Choking", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Smothering", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Smothering", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/kjwn7sRajeCPBLfXy8451724820672.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - Smothering\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:215px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Correct Answer</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smothering</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\"><strong>Characteristics</strong></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">Bruises around the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c3d268847f1692777195cc94cc643f\">perioral</span> region, nail abrasions around lips and nose, petechial hemorrhages.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\"><strong>Reason</strong></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">Smothering obstructs the airways with an external object, causing characteristic external injuries.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:617px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:617px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Reason</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-right:none; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smothering obstructs the airways with an external object, causing characteristic external injuries.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The postmortem change seen in the image below corresponds to which of the following:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Marbling", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Algor mortis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rigor mortis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Postmortem lividity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Marbling", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/OBWfGCbKNd2a1PdM0BBg1691133618.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Aspect of Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Marbling is the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"66f4e1c35716927771929959483274\">mottled</span> appearance of blood vessels seen on the surface of the skin or internal organs after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Marbling manifests as a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"66f4e1c35716927771929959483274\">mottled</span> pattern of dark red or purplish discoloration in the blood vessels of the body.</li>\n<li>\n<p>Bacteria like <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27791cc8181692777184b363360a3c\">clostridium</span> multiply along the blood vessels &amp; produces H2S gas</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>H2S combines with Hb &amp; forms sulf-hemoglobin.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>This sulf-Hb stains vessel walls giving greenish, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d02067c4b51692777191b8eec8b062\">linear</span> branching pattern on the skin [Corresponding to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"526ede3fee169277720184378acc5e\">vascular</span> channels]</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Appearance of marbling = 36-72 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"136c4bdd441692777189c5b2e976a0\">hrs</span> after death</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In a dead body, bloating of face, tongue protrusions were noted along with the findings in the image. Identify the phenomenon:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Electrocution", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Crocodile burns", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Scalds", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Putrefaction", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Putrefaction", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/GdcApNmgeT4fJWecB42p1746515142.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A child who is a victim under the POCSO Act is brought to the Department of forensic medicine for age estimation. The X-ray image of the hand is shown below. What is the likely age of the child?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "4 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "7 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "10 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "13 years", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 13 years", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/jNqX7Jst4YHWRDllLV9Y1746449928.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Upper Limb</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Centers of Ossification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Humerus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Head</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At 5–6 years, the three <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bdb5481f1692777203cbadf50a71\">fuse</span> together (conjoint epiphysis), and at 17–18 years, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bdb5481f1692777203cbadf50a71\">fuse</span> with the shaft.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Greater tubercle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>3 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lesser tubercle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Capitulum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>At 14–15 years, all three fuses with the shaft</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Trochlea</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9–10 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lateral epicondyle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>10–11 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medial epicondyle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5–6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>16 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Radius</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5–6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15–17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1–2 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–19 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Ulna</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Upper end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>8–9 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>15–17 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower end</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>5–6 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>17–19 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Carpals</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pisiform</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>9–12 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Other Carpals</p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1b4bf3b7916927771838d6915860b\">capitate</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"67cb40545f16927771882e55a0620e\">hamate</span> bones ossify during infancy, with the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1b4bf3b7916927771838d6915860b\">capitate</span> appearing first at 36th week(3-4 months age). Between ages 2 and 6, the number of visible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones on an X-ray roughly corresponds to the child's age (e.g., 3 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones indicate approximately 3 years old).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is true regarding the post-mortem change shown in the image given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Seen within first 12 hours of death", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It occurs due to the accumulation of deoxygenated blood", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "It results due to bacterial activity", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "It is seen in case of lightning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. It results due to bacterial activity", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/heikDW0MfQqA6tkksXSP1745480194.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/W0yAsP59tvJBH7m81rdU1745480243.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/LUm7NHGyWsDPCHUu2ZJF1746453290.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LwSI5Iq0AEzhIjJE7hSe1745480304.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to a characteristic pattern in the skin caused by decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>After death, bacteria <strong>(Option C) </strong>spread through blood vessels, decomposing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> into <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"acf909f93d1692777199d72e77fe24\">sulfmethemoglobin</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong>, which causes greenish or reddish-brown <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> of the vessel walls.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pattern </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Marbled pattern follows a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d02067c4b51692777191b8eec8b062\">linear</span> branching pattern, resembling tree branches, which initially appears red and later transitions to a greenish hue.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset and Timing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Begins to develop 24 hours after death.</li>\n<li>Becomes prominent by 36-48 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color Changes Over Time</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin’s reddish-green marbling may turn dark green or nearly black within 3 to 4 days.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Areas of Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shoulders, roots of the limbs, thighs, sides of the abdomen, chest, and neck.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps in determining the time since death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"M. Lee Goff\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1680032-overview?form=fpf\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"218\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/W0yAsP59tvJBH7m81rdU1745480243.png\" width=\"370\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Marbling </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Filigree Burns (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Nature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Superficial thin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4632fe89141692777200f671693e55\">tortuous</span> skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Onset </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Starts within 24 hours after death <strong>(Option A).</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Colour</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Red</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Site of Occurrence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood vessels</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin surface</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; text-align:center; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"Marbling\" data-author=\"M. Lee Goff\" data-hash=\"12106\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1680032-overview?form=fpf\" data-tags=\"May2025\" height=\"204\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/LUm7NHGyWsDPCHUu2ZJF1746453290.png\" width=\"346\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mahajan, Prof Ajay &amp; Rajan, Ruchika &amp; Regan, Padraic. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Characteristic-Lichtenberg-figures-seen-on-the-right-side-of-the-neck-chest-abdomen-and_fig1_6175256\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"276\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/LwSI5Iq0AEzhIjJE7hSe1745480304.png\" width=\"200\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The phenomenon shown below is typically seen in the case of ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Case of torture phalanges", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Case of suspension or hanging more than 72 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Case of immersion in water for 36 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Case of colliquative liquefaction due to immersion in hot water", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Case of immersion in water for 36 hours", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/W2kSVC1SXVJYRsfjUTaD1746452898.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/W2kSVC1SXVJYRsfjUTaD1746452898.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Case of &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a41dc7c0d41692777189383fa9a445\"&gt;immersion&lt;/span&gt; in water for 36 hours</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Immersion Syndrome (Trench/Immersion Foot/Hand)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"Immersion Syndrome\" data-author=\"Mehmet Karatay\" data-hash=\"12100\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench_foot\" data-tags=\"May2025\" height=\"231\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/W2kSVC1SXVJYRsfjUTaD1746452898.png\" width=\"200\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Prolonged exposure to severe cold (&lt;10ºC) and dampness (common in warfare, trenches, or sea immersion)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Affects extremities (feet, hands)</li>\n<li>Cold, numbness, burning, cyanosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Air drying, protecting extremities from trauma and infection, gradual rewarming by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"46860a8053169277718175e8e491fa\">air exposure</span> at <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"82897eb3821692777197ca2f192349\">room temperature</span> (avoid heat, massaging, or moistening the skin)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the following post mortem change:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tattooing", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Suggillation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Decomposition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Suggillation", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/sGnBaiyjxBkZqWKx6sZb1747046985.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/sGnBaiyjxBkZqWKx6sZb1747046985.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/ji8e8jMMQ1jAaOJgnRi41747047040.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:661px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other Names</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Postmortem staining, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> hypostasis, cadaveric lividity, <strong>suggillation</strong>, cogitation, vibices, and darkening of death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bluish or purplish-red discoloration caused by the gravitational settling of blood in the toneless capillaries and venules of the dependent parts of the dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Superficial layers of the dermis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood in capillaries and venules → Stagnates and sinks in dependent parts due to gravity → Bluish purple discoloration due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60b4f74a951692777185c28fdaa58d\">deoxy</span> hemoglobin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Begins </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>0.5 - 1 hour</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fully Developed</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Within 4 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fixation of Livor Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically, within 6-12 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Confirmation of Fixation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Apply thumb pressure against the skin for a few seconds → <strong>Blanching</strong> → Livor mortis not fixed.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">Lividity</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">lividity</span> reaches maximum intensity between 6 to 12 hours after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Secondary Lividity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shifting of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">lividity</span> can occur if the body is moved within a few hours after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Duration of Persistence </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Staining persists until <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">putrefaction</span> begins.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distribution </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depends on position of the body:</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the back of neck, entire back, flanks, except areas under pressure (contact pallor).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prone</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the front part of the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Side </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the dependent side.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Head downwards</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears as a blackened face and neck.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vertical suspension</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on legs and hands (glove and stocking appearance) and external genitalia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Drowning </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the face, upper chest, hands, lower arms, feet, and calves.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Livor Mortis Absent </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Excessive blood loss</li>\n<li>Severe anemia</li>\n<li>Death from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9971eacaaf1692777202d2ece15a2a\">wasting</span> diseases</li>\n<li>Lobar pneumonia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Helps estimate time of death.</li>\n<li>Indicates body <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"115643fed616927771961316effc71\">posture</span> at death.</li>\n<li>Indicates if the body was moved post-death.</li>\n<li>Distribution may indicate the cause of death.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\" Livor mortis\" data-author=\"goga312 at Russian Wikipedia\" data-hash=\"12549\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livor_mortis#/media/File:%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5.jpg\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/sGnBaiyjxBkZqWKx6sZb1747046985.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In an autopsy of suspected poisoning, which organ, along with the stomach, part of the intestine, and liver, is preserved?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Kidney", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lungs", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Muscle", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Heart", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Kidney", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - K\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the first postmortem change that occurs in a dead body?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Maggot formation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Greenish discoloration of right iliac fossa", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Mummification", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Greenish discoloration of right iliac fossa", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Autolysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Putrefaction</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Autolysis is the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d0e42f22261692777198fe4b2d191f\">self-digestion</span> of tissues caused by the body’s own enzymes after death.</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Characteristics of Autolysis:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Initiation: Begins immediately after death when <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> processes cease.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11d4157da4169277718762144a4fe7\">Enzymatic</span> action leads to cell lysis, altering tissue appearance and texture.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Examples of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d69244457c1692777182592c8395cc\">Autolytic</span> Changes:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Clouding of the Cornea:</strong> The first observable external change, losing transparency due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> breakdown.</li>\n<li><strong>Changes in Brain <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c2f9d01ba91692777188d264244b6a\">Glandular</span> Tissue:</strong> The first internal change, where neuronal and glial cells undergo lysis.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Note:</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Aseptic Autolysis: </strong>Occurs in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1d5d2712dc169277719050154d38a1\">intrauterine</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> demise, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d6efde1841692777193721eb5f865\">mummification</span> without bacterial involvement.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Putrefaction is driven by bacterial activity, resulting in tissue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"903370f259169277718385f6060dd7\">breakdown</span> and gas production.</p>\n<p><strong>Characteristics of Putrefaction:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bacterial Involvement: </strong>Primarily caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27791cc8181692777184b363360a3c\">Clostridium</span> perfringens.</li>\n<li><strong>Lytic Enzyme: </strong>The main <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> involved is lecithinase, which breaks down cell membranes.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Stages of Putrefaction:</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Color Change:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The<strong> first internal change</strong> is reddish-brown discoloration of the aortic intima.</li>\n<li>The <strong>first external change</strong> is green discoloration in the right <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"837bfc230c16927771892ece07f94b\">iliac</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30a1ba21881692777203de4e7b8537\">fossa</span> due to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"903370f259169277718385f6060dd7\">breakdown</span> of hemoglobin.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism of Color Change:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e84bc8bb5169277719934af06eb80\">Sulfide</span> Production:</strong> Bacteria produce <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">hydrogen</span> sulfide, which forms a green compound with hemoglobin.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7e536c2543169277718488f0a5bb37\">cecum</span> is the primary site of discoloration due to high bacterial activity.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Gas Formation: </strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Gas production leads to bloating, with gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">hydrogen</span> sulfide.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Liquefaction of Tissue: </strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Tissues become liquefied, losing structural integrity, contributing to the characteristic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad1552dd561692777194d3a54eede2\">odor</span> of decomposition.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Timing of Discoloration:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Discoloration begins within 12-18 hours in summer and 1-2 days in winter, influenced by temperature and bacterial activity.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the postmortem change given in the following image.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Marbling", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tattooing", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lividity", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Filigree burns", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Marbling", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/zZXQ9Jn89u0Mt0wbum1y1745385063.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/GWRn44moNtSNymV9C2Zo1745385097.png"], "explanation": "<p><strong>Educational Objective:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>➤ Learning Objective:</li><li>➤ Stimulated by bacterial activity (primarily Clostridium welchii or Clostridium perfringens). Three stages of change: Color change . Gas formation (producing bloating and distention). Liquefaction of tissues (softening and breakdown of tissues). Color changes: Green discoloration in the right iliac fossa due to hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria. Starts in 12-18 hours in summer and 1-2 days in winter. Putrefaction sequence: Non-gravid uterus is the last organ to decompose in females. Prostrate is the last organ to decompose in males.</li><li>➤ Stimulated by bacterial activity (primarily Clostridium welchii or Clostridium perfringens).</li><li>➤ Three stages of change: Color change . Gas formation (producing bloating and distention). Liquefaction of tissues (softening and breakdown of tissues).</li><li>➤ Color change . Gas formation (producing bloating and distention). Liquefaction of tissues (softening and breakdown of tissues).</li><li>➤ Gas formation (producing bloating and distention).</li><li>➤ Liquefaction of tissues (softening and breakdown of tissues).</li><li>➤ Liquefaction of tissues</li><li>➤ Color changes: Green discoloration in the right iliac fossa due to hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria. Starts in 12-18 hours in summer and 1-2 days in winter.</li><li>➤ Green discoloration in the right iliac fossa due to hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria. Starts in 12-18 hours in summer and 1-2 days in winter.</li><li>➤ Green discoloration in the right iliac fossa due to hydrogen sulfide produced by bacteria.</li><li>➤ Starts in 12-18 hours in summer and 1-2 days in winter.</li><li>➤ Putrefaction sequence: Non-gravid uterus is the last organ to decompose in females. Prostrate is the last organ to decompose in males.</li><li>➤ Non-gravid uterus is the last organ to decompose in females. Prostrate is the last organ to decompose in males.</li><li>➤ Non-gravid uterus is the last organ to decompose in females.</li><li>➤ Prostrate is the last organ to decompose in males.</li><li>➤ Factors inhibiting Putrefaction ( Mnemonic CMS ): Strychinine Metallic poison ( Arsenic,Antimony,Thallium ) CO , Cyanide &amp; Carbolic acid.</li><li>➤ Factors inhibiting Putrefaction ( Mnemonic CMS ): Strychinine Metallic poison ( Arsenic,Antimony,Thallium ) CO , Cyanide &amp; Carbolic acid.</li><li>➤ Strychinine Metallic poison ( Arsenic,Antimony,Thallium ) CO , Cyanide &amp; Carbolic acid.</li><li>➤ Metallic poison ( Arsenic,Antimony,Thallium )</li><li>➤ CO , Cyanide &amp; Carbolic acid.</li><li>➤ Post-mortem luminescence:</li><li>➤ Post-mortem luminescence:</li><li>➤ Emission of light from the body due to bacterial or fungal activity (e.g., Photobacteria and Armillaria).</li><li>➤ Emission of light from the body due to bacterial or fungal activity (e.g., Photobacteria and Armillaria).</li></u\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Study of death in all aspects is known as:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Thanatology", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Forensic anthropology", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Toxicology", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Molecular death", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Thanatology", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - Thanatolog\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Post-mortem examination of a dead body reveals contraction of the hands with absent primary relaxation. What is this suggestive of?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rigor Mortis", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Livor Mortis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cadaveric spasm", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Algor Mortis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Cadaveric spasm", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/HNYTX3VlRK9fDYB0HyLt1746179996.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - Cadav\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A body brought for autopsy is cold and has developed rigor mortis in all 4 limbs and livor mortis at the back/fixed, but no signs of putrefaction. What will be the estimated time since death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "12-24 hrs", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "6-12 hrs", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "24-48 hrs", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "36-48 hrs", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 12-24 hrs", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/d4iyyvsvCUC1XeunFfc01741019957.png"], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Observation</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Interpretation</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Body cold to touch</strong></td>\n<td>Suggests death occurred <strong>more than 8–12 hours</strong> ago (body cools gradually)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rigor mortis in all four limbs</strong></td>\n<td>Fully established <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> occurs <strong>around 12 hours</strong> post-death and lasts up to 24 hrs</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Livor mortis fixed at the back</strong></td>\n<td>Lividity becomes <strong>fixed after 6–12 hours</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>No signs of putrefaction</strong></td>\n<td>Putrefaction usually begins <strong>after 24–36 hours</strong>, depending on environment</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Feature</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Details</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Other names</strong></td>\n<td>Cadaveric lividity, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining, suggillations, vibices, \"darkening of death\"</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Site</strong></td>\n<td>Superficial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"521e76df7d1692777186faf836b3f8\">dermis</span> (capillaries and venules)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Mechanism</strong></td>\n<td>Gravitational settling of deoxygenated blood → purple-blue skin discolouration in dependent areas</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Onset</strong></td>\n<td>Begins in <strong>30 minutes – 1 hour</strong> after death</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Fully developed by</strong></td>\n<td>~<strong>4 hours</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Fixation time</strong></td>\n<td>Becomes <strong>fixed in 6–12 hours</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Confirmation of fixation</strong></td>\n<td>Apply pressure → if colour does not blanch, it is fixed</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Primary lividity</strong></td>\n<td>Max intensity seen by <strong>6–12 hours</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Secondary lividity</strong></td>\n<td>Lividity may shift if the body is moved within a few hours of death</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Duration</strong></td>\n<td>Persists until <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">putrefaction</span> begins</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Image</strong></td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"861\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/d4iyyvsvCUC1XeunFfc01741019957.png\" width=\"1600\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Phase</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Description</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Timeframe</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Primary Relaxation</strong></td>\n<td>Muscles are flaccid; ATP levels are 100%. Sphincters relax, leading to the release of urine/feces.</td>\n<td>0–1 hour after death</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rigor Mortis Onset</strong></td>\n<td>Begins as ATP falls to 85%; actin-myosin <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf4952c63169277718543a0883583\">cross-linking</span> causes stiffening. Appears in smaller muscles first (eyelids, jaw), progresses to limbs.</td>\n<td>Begins 1–2 hrs; full by 12 hrs</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rigor Resolution</strong></td>\n<td>Due to proteolysis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ab07bba3016927771976de44bf865\">rigidity</span> dissipates. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">Rigor</span> fades by <strong>24–36 hours</strong> depending on conditions.</td>\n<td>12–36 hours after death</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Position</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Lividity Location</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Supine</td>\n<td>Back of head, neck, trunk, and limbs (excluding pressure areas)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prone</td>\n<td>Chest, face, front of limbs</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Side</td>\n<td>Dependent side</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Head-down</td>\n<td>Face and neck blackened</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vertical suspension</td>\n<td>Legs, hands, external <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6a00bd30e169277718892b3a6076c\">genitalia</span> (glove and stocking pattern)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Drowning</td>\n<td>Face, chest, hands, feet, calves</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "All of the following changes occur in chronic starvation except?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hyperthermia", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Exhaustion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Heart atrophy", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hypotension", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Hyperthermia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - Hyperth\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In medicolegal examination accused 18 year old male claims he is 16 year old. Which joint x-ray should be done?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Head &amp;amp; shoulder", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Elbow and ankle", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Knee and wrist", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Elbow &amp;amp; hip", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Knee and wrist", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - K\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is true regarding adipocere formation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Preservation by saponification", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "High temperature needed", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cool and dry climate needed", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Occurs within minutes to hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Preservation by saponification", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Preserv\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following eye signs can be appreciated in the image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tache noire", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Kevorkian sign", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Corneal changes", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Vitreous humour changes", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Tache noire", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/t2sY4khVje8Oj27LO0bi1747296025.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8Ahp8idamlAd1p2mGY5k1747296064.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WLKqhMbmtEQVCNzBcFY91747296064.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/e6pBgLEBv8HmvvYSBbW81747296064.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Part of Eye</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time Since Death (TSD)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Retina (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kevorkian Sign:</strong> Fragmentation or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aa998dc528169277719850af075181\">segmentation</span> of blood column in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7a2c30e416927771972f7df6f8c0\">retinal</span> vessels (cattle trucking or shunting)</li>\n<li>Occurs within minutes and lasts about an hour.</li>\n<li>Seen using an opthalmoscope.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"283\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/8Ahp8idamlAd1p2mGY5k1747296064.png\" width=\"281\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Few minutes</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"293\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/WLKqhMbmtEQVCNzBcFY91747296064.png\" width=\"291\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vitreous Humor (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Vitreous humor’s accessibility and resistance to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">putrefaction</span> make it ideal for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> analysis.</li>\n<li>Potassium along with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"304c30e55316927771895062b17e8b\">hypoxanthine</span> increases due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"877f6aa72116927771821fd0400f03\">autolysis</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87b317afbd16927771844e0e534940\">choroid</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7a2c30e416927771972f7df6f8c0\">retinal</span> cells.</li>\n<li><strong>Potassium levels provide accurate TSD estimates</strong>, unaffected by external factors.</li>\n<li>The Sturner and Gantner formula is used to estimate TSD from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> levels.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sclera (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tache Noire: </strong>Appears as two yellow triangles on the sclera<strong> </strong>(base on limbus, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2d7ea2751316927771816ceb31afee\">apex</span> at <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"db46007ad21692777192dcc160a2e2\">medial</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> canthus), which darken to brown and then black.</li>\n<li>Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"673e89ae80169277718683d94657d7\">desiccation</span> and deposition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> debris, mucus, and dust on exposed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d168af6e7f1692777185683fea5e7f\">conjunctiva</span> and the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e4400809d16927771983252fc08b1\">sclera</span> underneath.</li>\n<li>Forms if eyelids remain open for 3-4 hours postmortem.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3 - 4 hours</p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Oscar.garcia.miranda\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tache_noir_de_la_sclerotique#/media/File:Mancha_negra_escler%C3%B3tica_(macha_de_Sommer-Larcher_o_tache_noire_de_la_sclerotique).png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"208\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/e6pBgLEBv8HmvvYSBbW81747296064.png\" width=\"292\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cornea (Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Cornea becomes hazy within 2 hours of death<strong> </strong>due to drying and dust deposition.</li>\n<li>Delayed for about 2 hours if lids are closed after death.</li>\n<li>Transient haziness can be removed by applying water, but permanent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a8eadab50316927771948be0cc91ca\">opacity</span> occurs after 10-12 hours due to decomposition.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Within 2 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Eyeball </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Eyes appear sunken and become softer within minutes due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba26fe8171692777190a867ec47c7\">intraocular</span> tension.</li>\n<li>Intraocular pressure drops from 10-22 mmHg during life to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"116e588c7b1692777202c7f3040428\">zero</span> within 2 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Within 2 hours (IOP becomes zero)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Cadaveric spasm is seen in death due to all of the following except?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Suicidal gun-shot wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Electrocution", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Drowning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Traumatic asphyxia", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Traumatic asphyxia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Zqh9kk2qH0pNzI7nFsrT1744961405.png"], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Cadaveric Spasm</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Rigor Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Time of Onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immediately after death.</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>1-2 hours after death.</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscles Involved</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primarily involves voluntary muscles, often limited to a small group (e.g., hand muscles).</p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ajith Rathnaweera\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Clenched-both-hands-with-cadaveric-spasm_fig1_342568293\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"475\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Zqh9kk2qH0pNzI7nFsrT1744961405.png\" width=\"377\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Involves both voluntary and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42b110efe11692777190ea5720c867\">involuntary</span> muscles.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primary Relaxation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Absent- muscles do not go through a relaxed phase.</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present- muscles initially go through a phase of relaxation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Molecular Death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent- no significant biochemical changes at onset.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5abb3a7e7f1692777182a8f4c42522\">ATP</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7061e0e0051692777186ba9c5f27df\">depletion</span> causes biochemical changes in muscle fibers.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Electronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d7e9fdf401692777199f2038941b6\">Stimuli</span> Response</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present- muscles may still respond to electrical stimuli.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent- muscles do not respond to electrical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d7e9fdf401692777199f2038941b6\">stimuli</span> after <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> sets in.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Importance</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causes of cadaveric spasm:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asphyxial death</li>\n<li>Brain injury</li>\n<li>Cerebral injury</li>\n<li>Drowning</li>\n<li>Dinitrocresol poisoning</li>\n<li>Excitement</li>\n<li>Fear</li>\n<li>Firearm e.g., in suicide</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The method of autopsy carried out en masse to remove from the tongue to the prostate is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Virchow technique", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rokitansky technique", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ghon technique", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Letulle technique", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Letulle technique", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 42-year-old HIV-positive patient died, and his body was brought for post-mortem. The method of autopsy to be done is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ghon technique", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Letulle technique", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Virchow technique", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rokitansky technique", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Rokitansky technique", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The temperature of the body of a deceased person is found to be 39°C. Which of the following is the most probable reason?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cyanide poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Septicemia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Corrosive poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Intra-abdominal hemorrhage", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Septicemia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1. Disturbed heat regulation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2. Increased heat production (excessive muscle contraction)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3. Excessive bacterial activity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sunstroke</li>\n<li>Pontine hemorrhage</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tetanus</li>\n<li>Strychnine poisoning</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Septicaemia</li>\n<li>Cholera</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the following post mortem change :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tattooing", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Suggillation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Decomposition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Suggillation", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/7yjxmJQQqfeqqvMIVO8w1691474648.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Sugg\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Postmortem Change</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Algor mortis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Cooling of the body after death due to the loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> heat</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Livor mortis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Discoloration of the skin caused by the settling of blood in dependent areas</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Rigor mortis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Stiffening of the muscles due to biochemical changes and the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7061e0e0051692777186ba9c5f27df\">depletion</span> of ATP</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Putrefaction</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Decomposition of body tissues by bacteria and enzymes, resulting in the release of gases</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Autolysis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Self-digestion of cells and tissues as a result of the release of enzymes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Skeletonization</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Process of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9ab6d764b169277718589e0796975\">decomposition</span> where only the skeletal remains, including bones, are left behind</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Adipocere formation</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Transformation of body fat into a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b8ccccd9b81692777202ca2fa976d6\">waxy</span> substance under certain environmental conditions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Mummification</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Preservation of the body by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"673e89ae80169277718683d94657d7\">desiccation</span> (drying out) and limited decomposition</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Insect activity</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Infestation of the body by various insects that feed on decomposing tissues</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Environmental factors</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Influence of temperature, humidity, and other external factors on the rate of decomposition</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following trait is feature of the female skull ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Larger teeth", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mastoid medium-large", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mandible Rounded", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Zygomatic is more pronounced", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Mandible Rounded", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Mandible Rou\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Traits </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Male </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Female </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Size</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Big</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Small</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Architecture of skull</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rugged</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Smooth</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cranial mass</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Deeper</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less deeper</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Temporal ridge</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">More prominent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less prominent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Supraorbital margin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Round and dull</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sharper</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Zygomatic bone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">More pronounced</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less pronounced</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Mandible</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Squared</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rounded</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Superciliary arch</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Large and pronounced</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Smaller</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Gonian</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Flared</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less flared</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Teeth</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Larger</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Smaller</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Mastoid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Medium-large</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Small-medium</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Nasal aperture</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">High, thin sharp margins</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Lower, wider rounded margins</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Mandible gonial angle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less obtuse</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">More obtuse</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the correct pair: i. Mummification 1) ii. Adipocere 2) iii. Marbling 3) iv. Lividity of death 4)", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "i -4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "i -3, ii-4, iii-2, iv-1", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "i -3, ii-1, iii-4, iv-2", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Xoz5Qrikv4VoNpwNJjtI1715334644.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KsGtJIrumC0R5XYSL6hJ1715334694.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/boTAt6Zg3tnyQnB27Z3U1715334723.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/mT6je7l4hHdBwTpL4X7U1715334709.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Physiological Findings in Post-Mortem</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Livor Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Discoloration of the skin due to the settling of blood after death. Gravity causes blood to pool in the lowest parts of the body, resulting in a purplish-red discoloration.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Rigor Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Stiffening of the muscles after death due to a chemical reaction in the muscles. It starts a few hours after death, peaks at around 12-24 hours, and then gradually dissipates over the following 24-48 hours.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Algor Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Cooling of the body after death. The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a7581c8b01692777183819f38c633\">body temperature</span> drops by about 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) per hour until it reaches the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d3495799cb16927771819a4eab9793\">ambient</span> temperature.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Putrefaction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Decay of body tissues caused by the action of bacteria and enzymes. It leads to the release of gases, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f545128b91692777183601ecf0afa\">bloating</span> of the body, and a strong odor. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">Putrefaction</span> usually begins within a day or two after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Autolysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Self-digestion of body tissues caused by the release of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a32cad4dbc169277718669cfb165a5\">digestive</span> enzymes from cells after death. It results in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"903370f259169277718385f6060dd7\">breakdown</span> of cells and tissues, leading to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b47ea9a2816927771864d1b0a12f9\">disintegration</span> of organs over time.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Decomposition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Breakdown of the body tissues and organs through the combined action of bacteria, fungi, and insects. It progresses through several stages, including fresh, bloat, active decay, advanced decay, and dry/remains.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Adipocere Formation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Also known as \"grave wax,\" it is the formation of a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b8ccccd9b81692777202ca2fa976d6\">waxy</span> substance in the body's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc6cd9a9f9169277720261812ea113\">fatty</span> tissues during decomposition. It occurs in specific environmental conditions, such as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d39d594421692777185b2aec8b771\">damp</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4880fc99551692777181e25a64560f\">anaerobic</span> (low-oxygen) environments.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Mummification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Preservation of the body due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"673e89ae80169277718683d94657d7\">desiccation</span> (drying out) in a dry environment. It can occur naturally in arid conditions or as a result of intentional or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d6efde1841692777193721eb5f865\">mummification</span> practices.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Maggot Infestation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Presence of maggots (larvae of flies) on the body, which feed on decomposing tissue. Maggots are often used by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> entomologists to estimate the time of death and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> interval.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Postmortem Lividity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>The settling of blood in the dependent parts of the body, causing a bluish-purple discoloration. It can help determine the position of the body after death and estimate the time of death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A girl was allegedly kidnapped by a man. In court, she says that she is a major and is married to the man, X ray images of her elbow, wrist and pelvis are given. What is the approximate age of the girl?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "14 to 15 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "16 to 17 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "18 to 19 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "21 to 22 years", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 21 to 22 years", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ErTnT9kcKWRjVvVj85V81687946395.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xurnUoLBiZw67Il98RXp1714047302.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uP2lzunbUw4ao2UA1od61714047337.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Bone Region</th>\n<th>Epiphyseal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a7dfeb385e1692777203302bcf142d\">Fusion</span> Age (approximate)</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Wrist (Lower end of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ec7c10c0421692777197d151a4c0b5\">radius</span> &amp; ulna)</strong></td>\n<td>17–18 years</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Elbow (medial epicondyle, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> epicondyle, capitulum, etc.)</strong></td>\n<td>14–16 years</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pelvis (iliac crest, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"634b843bb616927771902f143267c0\">ischial</span> tuberosity)</strong></td>\n<td>18–21 years</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Clavicle (medial end)</strong></td>\n<td>21–22 years (last to fuse)</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Bone/Joint</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Approximate Age of Fusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>X-ray Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Clavicle</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a7dfeb385e1692777203302bcf142d\">fusion</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"db46007ad21692777192dcc160a2e2\">medial</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> ends.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Epiphyses of long bones</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the growth plates, disappearance of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dc486020a916927771874098596bbc\">epiphyseal</span> line.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Sternum</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the sternal body and manubrium.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Sacrum</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the sacral vertebrae.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Pubic symphysis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fff48ca9da16927771966fd16bbacc\">pubic</span> bones, loss of symphyseal space.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Medial clavicular epiphysis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>18-25 years</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"db46007ad21692777192dcc160a2e2\">medial</span> end of the clavicle.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Proximal humeral epiphysis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bdbac654081692777196f9aab116f0\">proximal</span> humeral epiphysis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Distal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ec7c10c0421692777197d151a4c0b5\">radius</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d28fccd8021692777201d3ffa6cf94\">ulna</span> epiphyses</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5ff25303a01692777186731f6a4f5c\">distal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4fff084ff9169277719765c9d85a8e\">radial</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7fd512e881692777201909450fd8c\">ulnar</span> epiphyses.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Distal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f2a519f38316927772004fe7c606af\">tibial</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3f5142f22169277720272cecbf67c\">fibular</span> epiphyses</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Late teens to early 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5ff25303a01692777186731f6a4f5c\">distal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f2a519f38316927772004fe7c606af\">tibial</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3f5142f22169277720272cecbf67c\">fibular</span> epiphyses.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Lateral clavicular epiphysis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>25-31 years</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> end of the clavicle.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Epiphysis of long bones (certain exceptions)</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Early 20s to late 20s</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fusion of specific epiphyses, such as those in the hand and foot.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the post-mortem change described below .:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tattooing", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Suggilation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Decomposition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Suggilation", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/xHxkqi0OAVeHKekqePQ81697692748.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Sugg\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><br/>\n<strong>Aspect of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"676a5862511692777191186943b26c\">Livor</span> Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Livor mortis, also known as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">lividity</span> or lividity, is the pooling or settling of blood in the dependent parts of the body after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Time of Onset</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Livor mortis usually becomes visible within 1-2 hours after death, but it may take up to 4-6 hours to fully develop.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the first postmortem change that occurs in a dead body ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Maggot formation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Greenish discoloration of right iliac fossa", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Mummification", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Greenish discoloration of right iliac fossa", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The most reliable criteria among Gustafson's criteria for age estimation is ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Root resorption", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Paradentosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Translucency of root", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Attrition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Translucency of root", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Translu\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Criteria</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Score </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Attrition</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0-3</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Evaluation of wear and tear of tooth surface.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Periodontal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"301e3b01f01692777191aced6dc342\">Ligament</span> Retractions</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0-3</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Assessment of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09980563461692777188b0de904031\">gum</span> line recession.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Secondary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"681c1265fd1692777185a6df7e02ca\">Dentin</span> Formations</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0-3</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Examination of additional <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"681c1265fd1692777185a6df7e02ca\">dentin</span> layers in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b7b8d266716927771968316ee113b\">pulp</span> chamber.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Root Translucency</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0-3</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Analysis of increased transparency of the tooth root.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Root Resorption</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">0-3</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Evaluation of loss of tooth root structure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "From the dense vegetation near the highway, the police have found the remains of a burnt body. The location was discovered with the help of a sniffer dog, as they were tracing a 25-year-old IT worker who had gone missing the night before. To determine the identity of the victim, the team needs to gather a suitable sample. Which type of tissue from a charred body is most effective for identification purposes?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hair", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bone", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Teeth", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Blood", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Teeth", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Teeth\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which option provides the most accurate description of a posthumous child ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Delivery of a macerated fetus", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Child is delivered after death of biological father", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Child is born to an unmarried couple", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Child is abandoned by the parents", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Child is delivered after death of biological father", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Child is delivered after death of biological fath\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the odor of the mummified body ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Odorless", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pungent", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Putrid", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Offensive", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Odorless", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/s3Jme5K3JX7vD4ihHLTZ1715330495.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A: O\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "At what age, basiocciput fuses with basisphenoid ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "18-22 years", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "22-25 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "14-16 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "12-14 years", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 18-22 years", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - 18-22\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which is the first organ to putrefy ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Brain", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Heart", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Kidney", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Prostate", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Brain", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - B\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is commonly used for preservation of viscera in toxicology autopsy ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Glycerin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rectified spirit", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Formalin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Saturated salt solution", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Saturated salt solution", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D \n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following joint is the best predictor of age of 16 to 17 years by X-ray ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Knee", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Elbow", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hip", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Ankle", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Ankle", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - Ank\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Rigor mortis occurs first in:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Eyelids", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Intestines", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Myocardium", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Neck", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Myocardium", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Myocardiu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identical twins have similarities in all of the following except ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Blood group", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "DNA fingerprinting", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Fingerprint pattern", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Iris color", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Fingerprint pattern", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d8465bf7bc1692777202d6b3e6c8bd\"&gt;Fingerprint&lt;/span&g\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which option is correct regarding techniques of organ removal during autopsy : A. Rockitansky – In situ B. Virchow – en masse C. Ghon’s – en block D. Letulle – One by one", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A and C are correct", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "A, B and C are correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "B and D, A are correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A, B, C and D are correct", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. A and C are correct", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - A and C\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Paradoxical undressing is seen in :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Heart stress", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypothermia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "LSD overdose", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hypothermia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 49 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "What is the correct order of presenting sequence in rigor mortis after death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Fingers and toes → Upper limbs → Lower limbs →Abdomen", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Upper limbs → Abdomen → Lower limbs → Fingers and toes", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lower limbs → Abdomen → Upper limbs →Fingers and toes", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Fingers and toes → Upper limbs → Abdomen → Lower limbs", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Upper limbs → Abdomen → Lower limbs → Fingers and toes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/KHJSzPMxMHo5VMJDfsjF1735887267.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GUogr0GJCnzms8c2zQLT1735886892.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phase</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Timeframe</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Primary Relaxation</strong></li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>ATP levels are initially 100%, allowing muscle relaxation.</li>\n<li>Sphincters relax, leading to the passage of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f789a76331692777202a90df3adb4\">feces</span> and urine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>0 to 60 minutes after death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Rigor Mortis Onset</strong></li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Onset occurs around 60 minutes as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5abb3a7e7f1692777182a8f4c42522\">ATP</span> depletes to ~85%.</li>\n<li>Muscles stiffen as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e023fb81e16927771802d21820404\">actin</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99c8e09d6f1692777193d7716ab6eb\">myosin</span> filaments bind.</li>\n<li>Maximum <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ab07bba3016927771976de44bf865\">rigidity</span> is reached approximately 12 hours postmortem, with significant <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b52ddf2a451692777199b4d38e5c53\">stiffness</span> noticeable, especially in larger muscles.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60 minutes to 12 hours after death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Resolution</strong></li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Following peak rigidity, a secondary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> phase begins as proteins decompose (proteolysis of actin-myosin).</li>\n<li>Rigor mortis resolves completely after about 12 hours, leading to further decomposition.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12 to 24 hours after death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/3MnlL2yzus6Fdh0rHjOL1740721601.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A dead body is being examined by the forensic surgeon and maggots are found. Which of the following life stage of maggots is correctly matched with their time?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Larvae formation: 3-4 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pupae formation: 3-6 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Adult fly formation from pupae: 1-2 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Entire cycle: 8-20 days summer", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Pupae formation: 3-6 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/M99oPlCfTY1GDq7uHXup1736167265.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/wXBUIuxiDBvpviePIjh11745992885.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old female is found deceased in her home, and upon examination, it is noted that her stomach contains undigested food from a heavy meal. Based on the examination findings, what is the most likely time frame for the patient's death after her last meal?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1 to 2 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "3 to 4 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "5 to 8 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "10 to 12 hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 5 to 8 hours", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uzMBAXgfG4FMS1tpA45Y1740661987.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old male passed away due to a myocardial infarction. The family requested embalming for preservation of the body before the funeral. Which of the following statements about embalming is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Produces permanent chemical rigidity that mimics rigor mortis.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluid as an anticoagulant.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Embalming makes it easier to interpret postmortem injuries.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Femoral artery is commonly used for injecting embalming fluid.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Embalming makes it easier to interpret postmortem injuries.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/px2I5pjzCIlpZ3mrYFLF1735892643.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:594px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Embalming</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Aka <strong>thanatopraxia</strong></li>\n<li>Embalming is treatment of the dead body with antiseptics and preservatives to prevent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">putrefaction</span> and preserve the body.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effect </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Produces chemical stiffening similar to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis, and normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> does not develop.</li>\n<li>Embalming <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ab07bba3016927771976de44bf865\">rigidity</span> is permanent. <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Best Time</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&lt; 6 hours of death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Best <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3509997646169277719014053aa74d\">injection</span> technique</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Discontinuous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3509997646169277719014053aa74d\">injection</span> and drainage.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Best vessel for injection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Femoral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a66cd3adaa1692777182e77cb23021\">artery</span> <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Best <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a17694cf4c16927771877a9cb598dc\">embalming</span> technique</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>High pressure and low flow rate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skin color in Embalming</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Jaundiced Bodies: Greenish discoloration</li>\n<li>Normal Individual: Gray color</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methods of Embalming</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Arterial embalming</li>\n<li>Cavity embalming</li>\n<li>Hypodermic embalming</li>\n<li>Surface embalming</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Disadvantages</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Difficult to interpret any injury or disease. <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li>Determination of poisons becomes challenging.</li>\n<li>Blood <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d5b9840ce01692777188803b4c75b4\">grouping</span> may not be possible.</li>\n<li>Thrombi and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"586c1eff6e16927771872ba5871abe\">emboli</span> may be dislocated/dislodged.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Embalming before <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> in a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"776c708371169277719229acae0798\">medicolegal</span> case invites liability under Section 201 IPC, causing the disappearance of evidence or giving false information to screen the offender.</li>\n<li>Disrespecting the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3352afda6416927771858cf101c6d8\">corpse</span> can lead to applicability of Section 297 IPC.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Tabone, Wilbert &amp; Wilkinson, Michael &amp; van Gaalen, Anne &amp; Georgiadis, Janniko &amp; Azzopardi, George. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/An-embalmed-specimen-displaying-uniform-grey-discolouration_fig1_334438831\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1949\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/px2I5pjzCIlpZ3mrYFLF1735892643.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:350px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Preservative</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Formalin</li>\n<li>Methanol</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Germicide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Phenol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fungicide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thymol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Buffer</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium borate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anticoagulant</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3569209ba41692777184f88db9316d\">citrate</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wetting agent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Glycerin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Controls pH</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium chloride</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cosmetic</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Eosin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Perfume</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Soluble wintergreen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Vehicle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Water</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/wnBY1LRJOx94H0rL8vvm1745921546.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following factors does not favour the process in the given image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hot environment", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Free air movement", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contact of the body with water", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Chronic antimony poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Contact of the body with water", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/lZBwOloM31MISJm4xf0S1735892759.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/f5EX3vmXduS6f0O7TuES1735892780.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mummification </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is the rapid dehydration/desiccation and shriveling of the dead body from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba781584bf1692777187409f3dcc80\">evaporation</span> of water, with the preservation of natural appearances and features of the body.</li>\n<li>It is a <strong>modification of putrefaction.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Begins in the exposed parts of the body like the face, hands, and feet.</li>\n<li>Then extends to the entire body and internal organs.</li>\n<li>The skin may be translucent, shrunken, brittle, leathery, dry, and rusty-brown color.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d6efde1841692777193721eb5f865\">mummification</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>3-12 months </strong>or longer.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Factors favoring mummification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hot environment. <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Dry atmosphere.</li>\n<li>Free air movement. <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Contact of the body with absorbing media.</li>\n<li>Poisoning: chronic arsenic or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bbff4e22b316927771813223814d80\">antimony</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> favors the process. <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Climate and time of death.</li>\n<li>Determine the time of death.</li>\n<li>Identification is easy.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Adipocere</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mummification</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Characteristic feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Conversion of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc6cd9a9f9169277720261812ea113\">fatty</span> tissues into <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc6cd9a9f9169277720261812ea113\">fatty</span> acids</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dehydration or desiccation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smell</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rancid smell</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Odorless</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Moisture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gains moisture and undergoes hydrolysis</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Loses moisture</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ideal conditions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Warm temperature, moisture, less air, bacteria, and fat</p>\n<p>splitting enzymes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>High temperature, dry condition, and free circulation</p>\n<p>of air</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JmvJ7AChkv6BPJeaV53x1740662286.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic expert is examining a dead body that was found in a hot and moist place. There is adipocere formation all over the body including the internal organs. What does this finding signify? It gives a rough idea of the time since death It is formed due to postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of saturated fats Organisms like aerobic bacteria help this process It is usually found in sites with fat deposits", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, and 4", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 2, and 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1 and 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All are correct", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 1, 2, and 4", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Hp8tMyXwN1AYyj8zO10i1735892855.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:665px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Adipocere/Sponification </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>This is a change of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9ab6d764b169277718589e0796975\">decomposition</span> where there is a development of an offensive, sweet rancid-smelling, soft, whitish, or grayish-white, crumbly, waxy, and greasy material (similar to soap) that occurs in<strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc6cd9a9f9169277720261812ea113\">fatty</span> tissues</strong> of a dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time required for formation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hot and humid environment: by the end of 1 week.</li>\n<li>Temperate countries: starts after 3 weeks and ends by about 3 months.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of formation </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The formation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bd2ac838bb16927771983dd9afc74c\">saturated</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc6cd9a9f9169277720261812ea113\">fatty</span> acids due to <strong>postmortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41255286461692777189199a8b2dc7\">hydrolysis</span> and hydrogenation </strong>of body fats leads to adipocere.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sites </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Usual sites:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Face, buttocks, breasts, and abdomen</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Internal sites:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Small muscles turn gray and are dehydrated and thin</li>\n<li>Large muscles are red/pink</li>\n<li>Fat is completely converted to adipocere</li>\n<li>Intestines and lungs are parchment-like</li>\n<li>The liver is prominent and retains its shape</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Factors influencing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aee9d3e6a1692777180332042fbe4\">adipocere</span> formation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temperature:</strong> Heat speeds up, and cold retards <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aee9d3e6a1692777180332042fbe4\">adipocere</span> formation</li>\n<li><strong>Moisture: </strong>Water helps with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aee9d3e6a1692777180332042fbe4\">adipocere</span> formation</li>\n<li><strong>Organisms: </strong>Bacteria like <em>Clostridium perfringes </em>and other anaerobes assist in the reaction by producing lecithinase</li>\n<li><strong>Built:</strong> Faster in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0472620c171692777192c655af9c57\">mature</span> newborns and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"43663fecf11692777194c870d1d548\">obese</span> people</li>\n<li><strong>Age: </strong>Fetuses<strong> &lt;7 months do not show adipocere</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Air current: </strong>Retards <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aee9d3e6a1692777180332042fbe4\">adipocere</span> formation</li>\n<li><strong>Running water:</strong> Retarded due to wash out of electrolytes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is the surest sign of death.</li>\n<li><strong>Gives a rough estimate of the time of death.</strong></li>\n<li>Features of the face stay preserved and help in identification.</li>\n<li>Cause of death may be found as injuries might be preserved.</li>\n<li>Some idea about the place of disposal can be made.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jS71qsx7zBZR2IQnJDiY1745921396.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "According to Casper’s dictum, the rate of decomposition varies depending on the environment. Which of the following correctly represents this relationship?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Decomposition in deeply buried bodies is faster than in water.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Decomposition in water occurs at the same rate as in air.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Decomposition in air is faster than in soil.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Decomposition in air occurs eight times faster than in water.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Decomposition in air is faster than in soil.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SOincQg09cKIVCRO2T6D1740720424.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A decomposing body is found in the woods. Upon examination, it is noted that the skull sutures have separated, and the skin on the hands and feet has sloughed off in a 'glove and stocking' manner. Liquefied brain matter is observed. What is the most likely time frame of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "12–24 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "24–48 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "3–5 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "5–10 days", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 5–10 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ophLYg7bwYzOMbM50fKn1736166986.png"], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Feature</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Approximate Time Postmortem</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Rigor mortis complete <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td>12–24 hours</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Greenish discoloration of the abdomen <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td>24–48 hours</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Marbling, bloating</td>\n<td>2–4 days</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Skin slippage begins <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td>3–5 days</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Glove and stocking skin peeling</strong></td>\n<td><strong>5–10 days</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Liquefied brain and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">suture</span> separation</strong></td>\n<td><strong>5–10 days</strong></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0i94VYQxhYpl9NDv6YKn1745920925.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During an autopsy performed on a body 20 hours after death, the pathologist notices small blisters filled with gas on the lower abdomen and thighs. What is the likely cause of these blisters?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Antemortem burn injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Decomposition due to gas formation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Friction-induced blisters", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Chemical exposure", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Decomposition due to gas formation", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/05n3RlbQr0rcHg559ifT1736166751.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/XOiX4BkyuXAD4XGbsJtN1736166746.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/urAmz89tZzxZSVuZ9vKl1736166581.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2mmAlpL9BILdgXJdOTOa1736166852.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Post-mortem blister</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Karissa French, M.Res., M.D., Rebekah Jacques, M.H.Sc., M.D. and Michael Shkrum M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicspostmortem.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3000\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/XOiX4BkyuXAD4XGbsJtN1736166746.png\" width=\"4167\"/></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gas formation in the blood vessels can push blood stained fluid, air, or liquid fat between the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4c62a77731692777187b9c7ded25d\">epidermis</span> and dermis, leading to the formation of <strong>small blisters.</strong></li>\n<li>Occurs within 18 to 24 hours.</li>\n<li>Blisters typically appear on the<strong> lower surfaces of the trunk and thighs</strong>, areas where <strong>hypostatic edema</strong> causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cc7fcb101916927772009c0d98143a\">tissue fluid</span> buildup.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem gas rigidity</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2302\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/urAmz89tZzxZSVuZ9vKl1736166581.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is also known as <strong>gas stiffening</strong>, this is when the body becomes rigid due to the accumulation of putrefactive gases.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Post mortem purge</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Bohnert, Michael &amp; Perdekamp, Markus &amp; Pollak, Stefan. (\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Case-3-showing-blood-tinged-secretions-at-the-mouth-and-nostrils_fig1_8560478\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3176\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/2mmAlpL9BILdgXJdOTOa1736166852.png\" width=\"4167\"/></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gas accumulation in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ac388c59831692777180f5a8e12913\">abdomen</span> forces the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b42867b61169277718692205c2447\">diaphragm</span> upwards compressing the lungs and heart, and the bloodstained froth exude from the mouth and nostrils.</li>\n<li>This can be misinterpreted as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> injury.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:521px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ante-mortem blister</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Post-mortem blister</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Burns <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Decomposition <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Content</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inflammatory fluid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gas</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Base</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hyperemia</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pale</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vital reaction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/45UKIeV2SB0sD1K7JRvB1740720699.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male is found deceased in an apartment, and the body is examined 48 hours post-mortem. A distinct branching pattern is observed along the superficial blood vessels after 24 hours, as shown below. What is the most likely cause of the skin pattern observed in the image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Marbling", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Adipocere", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Filigree burns", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Postmortem lividity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Marbling", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/hDxr87i9IKmu9JHOWYte1736165333.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/KyA53M1em5e587CFVn4E1736165457.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/M3Z2fQ4qdtihEQ3tNhAe1736165531.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/39qtzBy2fMZSMUU4l5sD1736165615.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SgJe0YfvkqYVmO0ZhPoo1736166330.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/CjmLdSVuf9DB62BrD7jX1736166291.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7dYNZWlW8QIABI5OdTqM1736165624.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to a characteristic pattern in the skin caused by decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>After death, bacteria spread through blood vessels, decomposing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> into sulfmethemoglobin, which causes greenish or reddish-brown <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> of the vessel walls.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pattern </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Marbled pattern follows a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d02067c4b51692777191b8eec8b062\">linear</span> branching pattern, resembling tree branches, which initially appears red and later transitions to a greenish hue.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset and Timing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Begins to develop 24 hours after death.</li>\n<li>Becomes prominent by 36-48 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color Changes Over Time</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin’s reddish-green marbling may turn dark green or nearly black within 3 to 4 days.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Areas of Marbling</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shoulders, roots of the limbs, thighs, sides of the abdomen, chest, and neck.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps in determining the time since death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"M. Lee Goff\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Post-mortem-marbling-of-body-Photo-courtesy-William-C-Rodriguez_fig2_26318784\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"990\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/KyA53M1em5e587CFVn4E1736165457.png\" width=\"1674\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<p><strong>Educational Objective:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>➤ Learning Objective:</li><li>➤ Feature Marbling Filigree Burns Nature Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition. Superficial thin, irregular and tortuous skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge. Onset Starts within 24 hours after death. Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident. Colour Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black. Red Site of Occurrence Blood vessels Skin surface Medicolegal Importance Helps determine the time since death. Indicates electrical injuries or lighting. Image</li><li>➤ Feature Marbling Filigree Burns</li><li>➤ Nature Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition. Superficial thin, irregular and tortuous skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge.</li><li>➤ Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition.</li><li>➤ Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition.</li><li>➤ Superficial thin, irregular and tortuous skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge.</li><li>➤ Superficial thin, irregular and tortuous skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge.</li><li>➤ Onset Starts within 24 hours after death. Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident.</li><li>➤ Starts within 24 hours after death.</li><li>➤ Starts within 24 hours after death.</li><li>➤ Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident.</li><li>➤ Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident.</li><li>➤ Colour Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black. Red</li><li>➤ Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black.</li><li>➤ Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black.</li><li>➤ Site of Occurrence Blood vessels Skin surface</li><li>➤ Site of Occurrence</li><li>➤ Site of Occurrence</li><li>➤ Site of Occurrence</li><li>➤ Medicolegal Importance Helps determine the time since death. Indicates electrical injuries or lighting.</li><li>➤ Medicolegal Importance</li><li>➤ Medicolegal Importance</li><li>➤ Medicolegal Importance</li><li>➤ Helps determine the time since death.</li><li>➤ Helps determine the time since death.</li><li>➤ Indicates electrical injuries or lighting.</li><li>➤ Indicates electrical injuries or lighting.</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Marbling </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Filigree Burns</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Nature </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Postmortem pattern in the skin caused by bacterial decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Superficial thin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4632fe89141692777200f671693e55\">tortuous</span> skin markings caused by lightning or electrical discharge.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Starts within 24 hours after death.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears within minutes to an hour of the electrical accident.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Colour</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Starts reddish-green and eventually dark green or black.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Red</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site of Occurrence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood vessels</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin surface</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps determine the time since death.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Indicates electrical injuries or lighting.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Kalpana Reddy, E. Lowenstein\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Forensics-in-dermatology%3A-part-I.-Reddy-Lowenstein/0c63f6bde56ab369985900a691aaff875a243cdc\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3061\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/CjmLdSVuf9DB62BrD7jX1736166291.png\" width=\"4167\"/></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mahajan, Prof Ajay &amp; Rajan, Ruchika &amp; Regan, Padraic. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Characteristic-Lichtenberg-figures-seen-on-the-right-side-of-the-neck-chest-abdomen-and_fig1_6175256\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"990\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/7dYNZWlW8QIABI5OdTqM1736165624.png\" width=\"716\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cSUnnVv5alXVYtBDzApT1745904475.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A body arrived at the forensic department for autopsy, presenting with distinct features, including a greenish discoloration of the abdomen, a strong odor, and gas formation within the tissues (as shown in the image provided below). What enzyme is primarily responsible for these characteristics?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hyaluronidase", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Collagenase", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lecithinase", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Protease", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Lecithinase", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/1zPucTaKi0ugbXWocFwE1736163960.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:687px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autolysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Putrefaction</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Autolysis is the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d0e42f22261692777198fe4b2d191f\">self-digestion</span> of tissues caused by the body’s own enzymes after death.</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Characteristics of Autolysis:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Initiation: Begins immediately after death when <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> processes cease.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11d4157da4169277718762144a4fe7\">Enzymatic</span> action leads to cell lysis, altering tissue appearance and texture.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Examples of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d69244457c1692777182592c8395cc\">Autolytic</span> Changes:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Clouding of the Cornea:</strong> The first observable external change, losing transparency due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> breakdown.</li>\n<li><strong>Changes in Brain <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c2f9d01ba91692777188d264244b6a\">Glandular</span> Tissue:</strong> The first internal change, where neuronal and glial cells undergo lysis.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Note:</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Aseptic Autolysis: </strong>Occurs in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1d5d2712dc169277719050154d38a1\">intrauterine</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> demise, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d6efde1841692777193721eb5f865\">mummification</span> without bacterial involvement.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Putrefaction is driven by bacterial activity, resulting in tissue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"903370f259169277718385f6060dd7\">breakdown</span> and gas production.</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Characteristics of Putrefaction:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bacterial Involvement: </strong>Primarily caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27791cc8181692777184b363360a3c\">Clostridium</span> perfringens.</li>\n<li><strong>Lytic Enzyme: </strong>The main <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> involved is lecithinase, which breaks down cell membranes.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Stages of Putrefaction:</strong></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ol>\n<li><strong>Color Change:</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The<strong> first internal change</strong> is reddish-brown discoloration of the aortic intima.</li>\n<li>The <strong>first external change</strong> is green discoloration in the right <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"837bfc230c16927771892ece07f94b\">iliac</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30a1ba21881692777203de4e7b8537\">fossa</span> due to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"903370f259169277718385f6060dd7\">breakdown</span> of hemoglobin.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ol>\n<li><strong>Mechanism of Color Change:</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e84bc8bb5169277719934af06eb80\">Sulfide</span> Production:</strong> Bacteria produce <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">hydrogen</span> sulfide, which forms a green compound with hemoglobin.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7e536c2543169277718488f0a5bb37\">cecum</span> is the primary site of discoloration due to high bacterial activity.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>2. Gas Formation: </strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gas production leads to bloating, with gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">hydrogen</span> sulfide.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>3. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8170dc8ad81692777191ec56a3f27c\">Liquefaction</span> of Tissue: </strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tissues become liquefied, losing structural integrity, contributing to the characteristic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad1552dd561692777194d3a54eede2\">odor</span> of decomposition.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Timing of Discoloration:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discoloration begins within 12-18 hours in summer and 1-2 days in winter, influenced by temperature and bacterial activity.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/lwo4I7AtP37sv1W1uXRD1740721002.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A body was discovered in a lake near a village, and it needs to be determined whether the individual was alive at the time of drowning or if the body was dumped postmortem. Which of the following postmortem signs would most likely help in distinguishing between the two situations?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rigor mortis", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cold stiffening", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cadaveric spasm", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pugilistic attitude", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Cadaveric spasm", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bdz6MttrUF5xfCBinUcf1735888293.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/iZmozqBNiCDEx6Kg8nlo1735888352.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:613px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Also known as the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"abe20558701692777183759b34216b\">boxing</span> attitude, pugilistic attitude, or fencing attitude, occurs when the body is exposed to extreme temperatures (≥65°C).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coagulation of muscle proteins, similar to how proteins <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3062c0c8c16927771846dd0fc1343\">coagulate</span> when cooked.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The body adopts a flexed attitude with stiff joints.</li>\n<li>Hyperextended neck.</li>\n<li>Claw-like fingers.</li>\n<li>No normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis is seen because the heat coagulates the proteins before <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> can occur.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Extensively-burned-body-with-pugilistic-attitude_fig3_264424828\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2757\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bdz6MttrUF5xfCBinUcf1735888293.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Observed in cases of individuals exposed to high temperatures, such as in a fire.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:612px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cold stiffening occurs when the body is exposed to extremely low temperatures (≤-5°C).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Involves the freezing of body fluids and the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0774ba8ada16927771883ba9a03215\">hardening</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> tissues, creating <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b52ddf2a451692777199b4d38e5c53\">stiffness</span> in the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Joints and tissues become stiff as the fluids in the body freeze.</li>\n<li>Cold stiffening disappears when the body returns to normal temperatures, allowing normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis to become apparent.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Observed in cases of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9723be730516927771896878ec012a\">hypothermia</span> or individuals exposed to extremely cold environments.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:612px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gas stiffening occurs during <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9ab6d764b169277718589e0796975\">decomposition</span> as gases build up within the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gas accumulation from bacterial activity in the intestines and other tissues.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Stiffness in the body caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f545128b91692777183601ecf0afa\">bloating</span> due to gas formation.</li>\n<li>Protrusion of the tongue and eyeballs may occur due to internal pressure from gas.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often observed in bodies that have been deceased for a period, especially in warm environments that promote decomposition.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:613px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cadaveric spasm, also known as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"719164f4ef1692777183c61abc7913\">cataleptic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ab07bba3016927771976de44bf865\">rigidity</span> or instantaneous rigor, is an ante-mortem phenomenon occurring immediately at the time of death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>ATP <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7061e0e0051692777186ba9c5f27df\">depletion</span> in a specific group of muscles that were contracted just before death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Muscles that were in use at the time of death remain stiff and rigid immediately after death.</li>\n<li>No primary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> phase, but secondary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> occurs during decomposition.</li>\n<li>Cannot be artificially induced, making it an exclusively ante-mortem finding.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cadaveric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0338b655da16927771984b872baabb\">spasm</span> helps in determining whether <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> was ante-mortem or post-mortem.</p>\n<p>In cases of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> drowning, the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0338b655da16927771984b872baabb\">spasm</span> can cause the victim to tightly grip objects like weeds or mud, indicating they were alive and struggling before death. This provides evidence of active efforts during the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5031a7245c1692777186f7e7aabc06\">drowning</span> process.</p>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ajith Rathnaweera\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Clenched-both-hands-with-cadaveric-spasm_fig1_342568293\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/iZmozqBNiCDEx6Kg8nlo1735888352.png\" width=\"3299\"/><br/>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<p>Conversely, if no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c0e0073bd16927771849519bc7cdf\">cadaveric spasm</span> is present, it may suggest post-mortem immersion, indicating that the body was placed in water after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:637px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cadaveric Spasm</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rigor Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time of Onset</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immediately after death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1-2 hours after death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Duration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Very brief; lasts until the body is manipulated or disturbed</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can last from several hours to days, depending on environmental factors</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Involved Muscles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mainly affects voluntary muscles; typically involves specific groups of muscles (e.g., hand muscles)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Involves both voluntary and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42b110efe11692777190ea5720c867\">involuntary</span> muscles throughout the body</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary Relaxation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Molecular Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Electronic Stimuli</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Response can be observed; indicates potential physical struggle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No response; indicates complete loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> activity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscles may appear <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12f7e36ffd16927772000cb2186249\">tense</span> and contracted, reflecting the last voluntary movement</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Body becomes stiff and rigid, with a characteristic posture</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Describes the manner of death, often indicating a sudden or violent death; can suggest defensive actions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps determine time since death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GTmbm8nnTQqzZ2w6xd8h1740721141.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following conditions can lead to early onset rigor mortis? Cholera Strychnine poisoning Tetanus Asphyxia Pneumonia", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1 and 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 2, and 3", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "2, 3, and 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All are correct", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1, 2, and 3", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:653px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Early Onset</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Violent Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rapid muscle activity and ATP <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7061e0e0051692777186ba9c5f27df\">depletion</span> due to trauma (e.g., firearms, cut throat).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9971eacaaf1692777202d2ece15a2a\">Wasting</span> Diseases</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9971eacaaf1692777202d2ece15a2a\">wasting</span> leads to lower ATP reserves (e.g., tuberculosis, cholera).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Toxins (e.g., strychnine, cyanide) and conditions (e.g., tetanus) increase muscle contractions, depleting ATP.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Stroke</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Elevated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a7581c8b01692777183819f38c633\">body temperature</span> accelerates biochemical reactions, promoting ATP depletion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Late Onset</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Asphyxia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Insufficient oxygen during death slows ATP production, delaying <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pneumonia and Hemorrhage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Impaired <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"db3aca8a9a16927771948a3ff7512d\">oxygenation</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"337d16dac5169277718474b97f6e4a\">circulation</span> reduce energy production at death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">Rigor</span> Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Extreme Cold</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypothermia significantly reduces <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> processes, potentially delaying <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Decomposing Bodies</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rapid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9ab6d764b169277718589e0796975\">decomposition</span> hinders the development of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Rigor Mortis in Fetus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fetuses younger than 7 months lack developed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e023fb81e16927771802d21820404\">actin</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99c8e09d6f1692777193d7716ab6eb\">myosin</span> filaments, preventing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/DC53cERvUnLqmqeOaEjI1748263592.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "According to the Bishop's tripod of life, which of the following is not a criterion for establishing death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Irreversible cessation of circulation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Irreversible cessation of respiration", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Total absence of reflexes", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Irreversible cessation of brain activity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Total absence of reflexes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/YQ2jS40TYdRDXykreCGo1745902893.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old male with a known history of chronic alcohol abuse was found unconscious at home. He was noted to have respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and altered mental status upon initial examination. Despite prompt resuscitation efforts, he succumbed to his condition. A postmortem examination revealed that the body had turned a dark black color. What is the most likely cause of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hydrogen sulfide toxicity", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Methanol adulteration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Opioid overdose", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Opioid overdose", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:748px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Explanation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Normal (Natural Death)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bluish-Purple</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Deoxygenated blood pooling in the lower body parts.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Black</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Respiratory depression leads to severe hypoxia, causing a black discoloration.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carbon <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03077f6c8716927771923763487a9e\">Monoxide</span> (CO) Poisoning</strong><strong> (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cherry Red</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Formation of carboxyhemoglobin, which gives a bright red hue to the blood.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e84bc8bb5169277719934af06eb80\">Sulfide</span> (HS) Poisoning</strong><strong> (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bluish-Green</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sulfhemoglobin is formed due to HS exposure, causing a blue-green staining.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bright Red / Brick Red</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cyanide prevents cells from using oxygen, keeping blood highly oxygenated, giving a bright red color.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus, Aniline, Nitrite, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"749f9a02041692777183f4f13efcc5\">Bromide</span> Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dark Brown</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>These agents cause methemoglobinemia, where <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> becomes oxidized, resulting in a dark brown color.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">Poisoning</span> </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Purple</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acidosis from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c578fa95fe16927771927ea57020f0\">methanol</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b1a045f5f169277719210c0ac7a1e\">metabolism</span> leads to a purple discoloration.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hypothermia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pink</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cold slows metabolism, preserving oxygen in the blood, which leads to a pinkish color.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clostridium welchii Infection (Septic Abortion)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bronze</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bacterial toxins cause hemolysis, leading to bronze-colored staining.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8457a0f5441692777184e9337c175f\">Chloroform</span> Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yellow</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Severe liver damage causes jaundice, leading to a yellow tint in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intense Purple</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ab07bba3016927771976de44bf865\">rigidity</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc3e3350401692777182edb342a55b\">asphyxia</span> result in extreme oxygen deprivation, causing a deep purple discoloration.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/loJXfdbQxh9MKTvD9W9H1745920518.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A body has been presented to the forensic department for autopsy, exhibiting typically visible post-mortem changes given below as an image, including blanching and a shift of pattern occurring upon handling and moving the body. Based on these observations, what is the approximate time of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Immediately after death", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Within 4 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "After 12 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "After 24 hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Within 4 hours", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/7g77BJq1ky8e25Re6BzL1735887880.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:660px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Begins approximately 30 minutes after death. Initially unfixed and can shift with body position changes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Visibility</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Becomes visibly apparent within 4 hours and reaches maximum intensity between 6-12 hours.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fixation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically it becomes fixed by around 8 hours (between 6-12 hours). <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">Staining</span> won't move after fixation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Confirmation Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Apply pressure to the area:</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Blanching indicates blood is still within vessels, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> is not yet fixed.</li>\n<li>No blanching means <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> is fixed, indicating <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"903370f259169277718385f6060dd7\">breakdown</span> of vessels and leakage into tissues.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Areas of the body where <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> is absent due to vessel <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> from tight contact with surfaces or objects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tight clothing or pressure points such as the occiput, shoulder blades, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6df580322e1692777188d0c52e5f90\">gluteal</span> region, and calf region.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood vessels are compressed, preventing blood from pooling and causing the absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Difference from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">Postmortem</span> Staining</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is not fixed and can shift with movement as pressure points change, unlike <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining, which becomes fixed once it sets.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/HcyT8KNID9tDA4VDl6UV1745920121.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male is discovered deceased in his apartment. During examination, livor mortis is observed primarily on the front part of his body, as illustrated below. What was the most likely position of the body at the time of death based on this distribution of livor mortis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Prone", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Supine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Head downwards", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Vertical suspension", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Prone", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/GT8n5y4lvfaKpoknSalc1735887348.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/DbH2VLhNa6pdtfYYmrqg1735887553.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:661px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other Names</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Postmortem staining, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> hypostasis, cadaveric lividity, suggillations, cogitation, vibices, and darkening of death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bluish or purplish-red discoloration caused by the gravitational settling of blood in the toneless capillaries and venules of the dependent parts of the dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Superficial layers of the dermis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood in capillaries and venules → Stagnates and sinks in dependent parts due to gravity → Bluish purple discoloration due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60b4f74a951692777185c28fdaa58d\">deoxy</span> hemoglobin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Begins </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>0.5 - 1 hour</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fully Developed</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Within 4 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fixation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"676a5862511692777191186943b26c\">Livor</span> Mortis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically, within 6-12 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Confirmation of Fixation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Apply thumb pressure against the skin for a few seconds → <strong>Blanching</strong> → <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"676a5862511692777191186943b26c\">Livor</span> mortis not fixed.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Primary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">Lividity</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">lividity</span> reaches maximum intensity between 6 to 12 hours after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Secondary Lividity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shifting of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"133292566f1692777191ca2f920eed\">lividity</span> can occur if the body is moved within a few hours after death.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Duration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47d4b14d841692777195ec9f299139\">Persistence</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Staining persists until <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">putrefaction</span> begins.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distribution </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depends on position of the body:</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supine </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the back of neck, entire back, flanks, except areas under pressure (contact pallor).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prone </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the front part of the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Side </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the dependent side.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Head downwards </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears as a blackened face and neck.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vertical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88f2ec11091692777199acf9e832c4\">suspension</span> </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on legs and hands (glove and stocking appearance) and external genitalia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Drowning </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears on the face, upper chest, hands, lower arms, feet, and calves.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Livor Mortis Absent </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Excessive blood loss</li>\n<li>Severe anemia</li>\n<li>Death from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9971eacaaf1692777202d2ece15a2a\">wasting</span> diseases</li>\n<li>Lobar pneumonia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Helps estimate time of death.</li>\n<li>Indicates body <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"115643fed616927771961316effc71\">posture</span> at death.</li>\n<li>Indicates if the body was moved post-death.</li>\n<li>Distribution may indicate the cause of death.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"goga312 at Russian Wikipedia\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livor_mortis#/media/File:%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2243\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/DbH2VLhNa6pdtfYYmrqg1735887553.png\" width=\"4167\"/>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:718px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspect </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Livor Mortis </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ruptured vessels that may be deep or superficial.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Distension of vessels with blood in the dermis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>At the site of and surrounding the injury.</li>\n<li>May appear anywhere in the body.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Over extensive areas of the most dependent parts.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Swollen.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1f256489a16927771870ddd296574\">elevation</span> of the affected area.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Epidermis </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May be abraded.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not abraded.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Margins </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Merge with the surrounding area.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clearly defined.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Different colors according to the age of the bruise.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uniform, bluish-purple.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Incision </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues and are firmly clotted.</li>\n<li>Subcutaneous tissues are deep reddish-black.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Blood is seen in blood vessels.</li>\n<li>Subcutaneous tissues are pale.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/82bRs4blXwyOxJi5eUbg1740315240.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is examining the body of a 50-year-old male found deceased under suspicious circumstances, with elevated core temperature within two hours after death. Which of the following conditions is not typically associated with this postmortem finding?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Burns", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tetanus", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Septicemia", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pontine hemorrhage", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Burns", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Disturbed heat regulation</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Increased heat production (excessive muscle contraction)</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Excessive bacterial activity</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sunstroke</li>\n<li>Pontine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4642acfc0c16927771880b34fa5174\">hemorrhage</span> <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tetanus <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Strychnine poisoning</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Septicaemia <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li>Cholera</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7mXaYYriY50XjVIuMvFq1740280662.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic investigator examines a body in a room at 22°C. The normal body temperature is 37°C, and the rectal temperature is 31°C. The rate of temperature fall is approximately 0.6°C per hour. What is the estimated time since death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "8 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "9 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "10 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "12 hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 10 hours", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/3unU7ZThYwFiEdwVQSyj1735886856.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/nDlKrXO7Efp6E25zDL4Y1740280466.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic investigator is examining a 45-year-old male found deceased in his apartment. To determine the time of death using algor mortis, which of the following sites is ideal for measuring core body temperature?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Nostrils", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rectum", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Subhepatic region", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "External auditory meatus", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Rectum", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Algor mortis </strong></p>\n</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Refers to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"579dcf5fc51692777185eef17a83c6\">cooling</span> of the body after death, where the core <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a7581c8b01692777183819f38c633\">body temperature</span> equilibrates with the surrounding environment.</li>\n<li>First detectable sign of death, followed by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis.</li>\n</ul>\n</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Onset </strong></p>\n</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"vertical-align:top\">\n<p>About 30 minutes to 1 hour after death.</p>\n</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism </strong></p>\n</th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Death → Heat loss (conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation) → ↓Body core temperature</p>\n</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sites for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cdb60c0881169277718572f829b0f3\">Core Temperature</span> Measurement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rectum</strong> (8-10 cm above the anus): Ideal site for measurement except in cases of sodomy. <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>External <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f17057f75016927771829e70074368\">auditory</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6da3f0528c1692777192e9b608d735\">meatus</span> <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>Subhepatic region <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li>Nostrils (up to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"978aa37443169277718555206ddf9e\">cribriform</span> plate) <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Intracerebral (through the orbit)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Instruments for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cdb60c0881169277718572f829b0f3\">Core Temperature</span> Measurement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thanatometer/Chemical thermometer:</strong> 25 cm long <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ddda61658016927772000045e45a57\">thermometer</span> with a range of 0 to 50°C.</li>\n<li><strong>Electronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c21208a351692777200f829ef58f2\">thermocouple</span> </strong>with a digital readout</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Timing of Reading</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Body temperature readings and environmental temperature should be recorded at 1 to 2-hour intervals to obtain the rate of fall of temperature.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effect of Illness on Cooling</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>In serious illness, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"337d16dac5169277718474b97f6e4a\">circulation</span> begins to fail before death, causing hands and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> to cool before the rest of the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inner <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cdb60c0881169277718572f829b0f3\">core temperature</span> measurements are important for estimating the time since death and are more reliable than surface temperature measurements.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/rAlNrdIFdS4uoJYHDUrh1740280222.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old male is found dead in his apartment with no signs of external trauma. Based on the provided image of the eye showing hazy corneas and sunken eyeballs, what is the most likely time since death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Less than 2 hour", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "3 - 4 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "6 - 7 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "10 - 12 hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 3 - 4 hours", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/qKASZEey0jNUvQu0ZD141736163263.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/pC0dv3dXNPEm1iNA9N791736163361.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/frg0ePp4KBARVp0JlahG1735886776.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bZLraGax0VI2oF6rzUGB1736163281.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Part of Eye</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time Since Death (TSD)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Retina </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kevorkian Sign:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c3bbd691781692777203582ec44b8c\">Fragmentation</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aa998dc528169277719850af075181\">segmentation</span> of blood column in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7a2c30e416927771972f7df6f8c0\">retinal</span> vessels (cattle trucking or shunting)</li>\n<li>Occurs within minutes and lasts about an hour.</li>\n<li>Seen using an opthalmoscope.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/pC0dv3dXNPEm1iNA9N791736163361.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Few minutes</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/frg0ePp4KBARVp0JlahG1735886776.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vitreous Humor</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Vitreous humor’s accessibility and resistance to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb6efad46e16927771961e21da0ce6\">putrefaction</span> make it ideal for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> analysis.</li>\n<li>Potassium along with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"304c30e55316927771895062b17e8b\">hypoxanthine</span> increases due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"877f6aa72116927771821fd0400f03\">autolysis</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87b317afbd16927771844e0e534940\">choroid</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7a2c30e416927771972f7df6f8c0\">retinal</span> cells.</li>\n<li><strong>Potassium levels provide accurate <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f72c0ca63616927772004d6d1ff983\">TSD</span> estimates</strong>, unaffected by external factors.</li>\n<li>The Sturner and Gantner formula is used to estimate <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f72c0ca63616927772004d6d1ff983\">TSD</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> levels.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sclera </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tache Noire</strong><strong>: </strong>Appears as two yellow triangles on the sclera<strong> </strong>(base on limbus, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2d7ea2751316927771816ceb31afee\">apex</span> at <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"db46007ad21692777192dcc160a2e2\">medial</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> canthus), which darken to brown and then black.</li>\n<li>Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"673e89ae80169277718683d94657d7\">desiccation</span> and deposition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> debris, mucus, and dust on exposed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d168af6e7f1692777185683fea5e7f\">conjunctiva</span> and the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e4400809d16927771983252fc08b1\">sclera</span> underneath.</li>\n<li>Forms if eyelids remain open for 3-4 hours postmortem.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3 - 4 hours</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Oscar.garcia.miranda\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tache_noir_de_la_sclerotique#/media/File:Mancha_negra_escler%C3%B3tica_(macha_de_Sommer-Larcher_o_tache_noire_de_la_sclerotique).png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"990\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/bZLraGax0VI2oF6rzUGB1736163281.png\" width=\"1395\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cornea </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Cornea becomes hazy within 2 hours of death<strong> </strong>due to drying and dust deposition.</li>\n<li>Delayed for about 2 hours if lids are closed after death.</li>\n<li>Transient haziness can be removed by applying water, but permanent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a8eadab50316927771948be0cc91ca\">opacity</span> occurs after 10-12 hours due to decomposition.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Within 2 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Eyeball </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Eyes appear sunken and become softer within minutes due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba26fe8171692777190a867ec47c7\">intraocular</span> tension.</li>\n<li>Intraocular pressure drops from 10-22 mmHg during life to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"116e588c7b1692777202c7f3040428\">zero</span> within 2 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Within 2 hours (IOP becomes zero)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0GjRC7xEkSCyZduBy1Pm1745903671.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "The appearance of facial pallor after death is an example of which category of postmortem changes?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Immediate changes", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Early changes", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Late changes", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Suspended animation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Early changes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Changes After Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immediate Changes </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Early Changes</strong><strong> </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Late Changes </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Irreversible cessation of:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Brain function</li>\n<li>Circulation</li>\n<li>Respiration</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d6c754309d16927771874142ec8ca4\">elasticity</span> of the skin</li>\n<li>Facial pallor</li>\n<li>Primary muscle relaxation</li>\n<li>Contact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd5d862f051692777194647422e1c9\">pallor</span> and flattening</li>\n<li>Changes in the eyes</li>\n<li>Algor mortis</li>\n<li>Livor mortis</li>\n<li>Rigor mortis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Putrefaction</li>\n<li>Adipocere formation</li>\n<li>Mummification</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IaEliLmZ0H8jF5kpWs2Z1740279739.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old male is brought dead to the hospital. The doctor ties a ligature around the base of the fingers and notices no bluish discoloration or edema. Which test is the doctor using to check for the absence of circulation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Icard’s test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Magnus test", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Diaphanous test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pressure test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Magnus test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Tests to Detect Stoppage of Respiration</strong></h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Winslow's Test:</strong> A mirror or a surface of water placed on the chest shows no movement or reflection of light.</li>\n<li><strong>Feather Test:</strong> A feather or fine cotton fibers held in front of the nostrils show no movement.</li>\n<li><strong>Mirror Test:</strong> A mirror held near the mouth and nostrils shows no haziness, indicating no exhalation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tests to Detect Stoppage of Circulation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Magnus Test (Ligature Test):</strong> No bluish discoloration or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18b452e75916927771864c9ad533e1\">edema</span> appears on the fingers when a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0d0648b81692777191eca3015435\">ligature</span> is applied at their base.<strong> (Option B)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Diaphanous Test (Transillumination Test):</strong> The web space between the fingers fails to show redness when transilluminated from behind. <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Icard's Test:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6a367ebd0c169277719091155a5b0f\">Injected</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"468accc4d3169277720252132f5b85\">fluorescein</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e8a3764ab516927771863f3212fc41\">dye</span> does not produce yellowish-green discoloration, unlike in a living person. <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Pressure Test:</strong> Fingernails remain pale and do not turn reddish after applying and releasing firm pressure. <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aT2pqLMeBp4pSoXBQbsE1740279627.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old woman is declared dead after a cardiac arrest. 2 hours later, a forensic expert strikes the quadriceps with a reflex hammer and observes contraction. What does this indicate about the state of the patient’s tissues?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Molecular death has occurred", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Muscle tissues have lost all responsiveness", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Zsako’s phenomenon is present", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Muscles are in rigor mortis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Zsako’s phenomenon is present", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/sO0oZCeOUjBmJssrteGX1745903209.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Suspended animation is most likely to occur after which type of poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cyanide poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Strychnine poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Phosphorus poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Barbiturate poisoning", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Barbiturate poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:654px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Feature</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Somatic Death</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Molecular Death</strong></h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Definition</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Complete and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ee77d507701692777190bfcf47b497\">irreversible</span> cessation of brain function, circulation, and respiration</h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Progressive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b47ea9a2816927771864d1b0a12f9\">disintegration</span> of body tissues, leading to the death of individual cells.</h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Onset</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Occurs before molecular death.</h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Follows <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3db910d8571692777198303e3bcb27\">somatic</span> death, occurring 1-2 hours after vital functions cease.</h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Tissue Viability</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Tissues and cells remain alive and functioning.</h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Tissues and cells are dead and non-functioning, with no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> activity.</h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Response to Stimuli</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Muscles can respond to thermal, electrical, or chemical stimuli.</h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>No response to external stimuli.</h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Confirmation</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Identified by flat <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40ebcbf95e169277718613d7c2d999\">ECG</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"149fc70e9a16927771864296cb4e21\">EEG</span> readings, and absence of breath sounds</h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Confirmed through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">rigor</span> mortis, algor mortis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> staining, and putrefaction.</h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Resemblance</strong></h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>May resemble conditions like suspended animation, coma, or hypothermia.</h3>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Does not resemble any other condition.</h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Suspended <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"19562c46ad16927771811eca6504d4\">Animation</span> (Apparent Death)</strong></h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3>Suspended <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"19562c46ad16927771811eca6504d4\">animation</span> refers to a condition where <strong>vital signs</strong>, such as <strong>heartbeat</strong> and <strong>respiration</strong>, are undetectable using standard clinical methods due to temporary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"abc81e8daf1692777190c03d7842ef\">interruption</span> or reduction of these functions to <strong>minimal levels</strong>.</h3>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> rate significantly decreases, allowing cells to meet their oxygen needs through dissolved oxygen in body fluids.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Types</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Voluntary:</strong> Occurs in individuals <strong>practicing yoga</strong> or in <strong>trance states</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Involuntary:</strong> Occurs in conditions like hypothermia, <strong>barbiturate </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9f1ff5b3841692777194d94c984f1b\">opiate</span> poisoning, newborns, drowning, electrocution, heatstroke, cholera, post-anesthesia, shock, cerebral concussion, or insanity.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Resuscitation can be achieved using <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> massage, electrical stimulation, and artificial respiration.</li>\n<li>An <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40ebcbf95e169277718613d7c2d999\">ECG</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"149fc70e9a16927771864296cb4e21\">EEG</span> is required before issuing a death certificate to confirm death.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/avowBiuI03Sw9zg8JJX81745903042.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 35 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which of the following can cause priapism?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spanish fly", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tumbu fly", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Botfly", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Screwworm fly", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Spanish fly", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/5TQ5zhSaSEEBO8HAH9d11735871100.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Dv4urwWRe8bEXIOZeqDs1740222756.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A police officer presents an X-ray of a suspect who is believed to be a body packer. Patient acts casual and his vitals are stable The X-ray is as given. What is the most critical initial management step for this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Administer activated charcoal", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Perform a laparotomy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Monitor and provide supportive care", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Do an urgent MRI", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Monitor and provide supportive care", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/xdVyMXzLp9HTjH7espQO1735872559.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/MC1GuLVd4ol2qzRJsOte1735872640.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>People who illegally carry <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"172b474c791692777193a54fab4553\">narcotic</span> drugs (Cocaine/Heroin), either by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1788e0d4301692777199d457616bd4\">swallowing</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c88a7c1a0116927771909b2463968d\">insertion</span> in the vagina/rectum as sealed pellets/packages.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complications</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>GI obstruction/hemorrhage (caused by packets)</li>\n<li>Packet <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> - <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"172b474c791692777193a54fab4553\">Narcotic</span> intoxication</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Imaging</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fd0c8ab494169277720227102dc79a\">X-ray</span> (first-line)</li>\n<li>Ultrasound or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"871577be5e169277718596f7614659\">CT Scan</span> (if unclear)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Asymptomatic Patient:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Whole <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37863e7aec169277718310f33c6a11\">Bowel</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ea6a429a6b1692777190801502ba55\">Irrigation</span> (caution: potential rupture)</li>\n<li>Alternatives: Allow packages to move into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0fce15e71f1692777184feb9af5303\">colon</span> Administer Enemas (Low-Volume Phospho <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"91ce1734d7169277719861b8b87f9f\">Soda</span> Enemas/ High-Volume <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">Saline</span> Enemas)</li>\n<li>Avoid Food Ingestion: Until all packages are passed.</li>\n<li>Encouraging <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">Gastric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"397f16a7a71692777187ffffefa7e6\">Emptying</span> :Metoclopramide 10 mg, 8-hourly</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptomatic Patient: </strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Continuous-infusion of Naloxone</strong></li>\n<li>Whole <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37863e7aec169277718310f33c6a11\">bowel</span> irrigation.</li>\n<li>Surgical intervention may be required.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6Gl3MnPu9rJ7SQPDU5ln1740281600.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after taking an overdose of morphine. He is unresponsive with a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which laboratory finding would you expect in this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Elevated blood glucose levels", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hypoxemia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Metabolic alkalosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hypokalemia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hypoxemia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6g8o0GwmJT0nGroq2Y3N1740281718.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 24 year old female was brought to the emergency department in comatose state and on examination, the vitals were BP:80/40, HR:42/min, RR:8/min, Temperature 36 degree, Reflexes: sluggish, Miosis with conjunctival congestion, spO2:85%. Multiple skin scars were noted on her left forearm.The attenders gave a history of the frequent domestic strife and mood swings following which she would have a long unexplained absence from home. The duty doctor suspected drug abuse and started appropriate management. Which among the following chemical tests can be used for diagnosis in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Marquis test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Marsh test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "McNally’s test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gutzeit test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Marquis test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Symptoms/Characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stage of Excitement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Short duration,Euphoria</p>\n<p>Hallucinations,tachycardia</p>\n<p>Flushing of face,Conjunctival injection</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stage of Stupor</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Headache,nausea,vomiting</p>\n<p>Weakness,heaviness in limbs</p>\n<p>Dizziness, miosis,cyanosis of face and lips</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stage of Narcosis/Coma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Deep <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e39842f67b1692777184171cd1852a\">coma</span> (unarousable)</strong></p>\n<p>Flaccid, relaxed muscles</p>\n<p>Pale face, Absent reflexes</p>\n<p><strong>Congested conjunctiva</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Cold skin with profuse perspiration</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Pinpoint,</strong> non-reactive pupils</p>\n<p><strong>Hypotension, Weak, feeble pulse, Hypothermia, Bradypnoea</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/MFdMOz67KoU3zATAFVDI1740314606.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "All among the following are true regarding the image except:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Obtained from a plant called Paper somniferum", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Extracted via vertical incision from unripe poppy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Addictive potential is due to its action on Kappa (κ) receptors", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pruritus is a common adverse effect", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Addictive potential is due to its action on Kappa (κ) receptors", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/J8dvoBdj5Cj0SucfdgJr1735872374.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/xThYcBJIKceERPwPDhBk1735872443.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dried <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"387ff6837a16927771876363756d5a\">extract</span> from the <strong>poppy plant (Papaver somniferum)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Extraction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Obtained by vertical incisions from <strong>unripe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29d080c8fb169277719630ecd0d756\">poppy</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54635b1bf01692777183247ecff5e0\">capsule</span> (toxic part)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxic principles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Phenanthrene group:</strong> Morphine, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e7bbeaf7531692777184c116586ef7\">Codeine</span> and Thebaine</li>\n<li><strong>Benzylisoquinoline group:</strong> Papaverine and Noscapine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action (MOA)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Exhibits action via 3 receptors mainly - Mu(μ), Delta(δ) and Kappa(κ) receptors and release Endorphins.</li>\n<li><strong>Addictive potential is due to its action on Mu(μ) and Delta(δ)</strong> receptors</li>\n<li>Action on <strong>Kappa(κ) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> causes dysphoria</strong> - no addictive potential</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tolerability, Addiction, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08289506491692777186a3dceb93ad\">Dysphoria</span> (κ-receptor)</li>\n<li>Pruritus is a common adverse effect.</li>\n<li><strong>Other effects: </strong>Constipation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">Respiratory</span> depression, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b72f5e96b16927772018dec8a87e2\">Urinary</span> retention.</li>\n<li>Tolerability is developed for all actions except: 3 Cs\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Constipation</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Constriction of pupils (Miosis)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opium: 2 g</p>\n<p>Morphine: 0.2 g</p>\n<p>Codeine: 80 mg</p>\n<p>Fatal period: 6-12 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Support vitals</strong>: Use a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce58675a281692777197af6b5eeb7b\">respirator</span> and other emergency procedures.</li>\n<li><strong>Decontamination</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Stomach wash with 1:5000 KMnO₄, leaving some solution in the stomach to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c12c0827f169277719418337c3aeb\">oxidize</span> any secreted alkaloid.</li>\n<li>Perform <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> even after IV/IM drug injection, as it is secreted in the stomach.</li>\n<li>Administer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5dd23480451692777180e299cc38bc\">activated charcoal</span> as the primary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0a4dc4123a1692777185e71882be04\">decontamination</span> method.</li>\n<li>Enema with sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"535af9a2181692777199309af44d24\">sulfate</span> twice daily.</li>\n<li>Whole-bowel <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ea6a429a6b1692777190801502ba55\">irrigation</span> for body packers.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Antidote</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Naloxone</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/teVjWgC2tL89ym5pzUPG1740281878.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Patient was brought to ED after being bitten by a snake as shown below. Which of the following steps are part of management in this patient? 1) Immobilize the limb by applying crepe bandages 2) Cauterize the bite wound 3) No test dose to be given before starting ASV 4) Dose of ASV should be halved in children 5) ASV given until clotting time becomes normal", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 3, 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "2, 4, 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "3, 5", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 3, 5", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/LFw3k1Nfyd20A1OcSQkj1735872201.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/zmg6rFMFwB6uMbv4qnsW1735872267.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>First Aid:<strong> ‘ CARRY NO RIGHT ’</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CARRY</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Do not allow the victim to walk on their own, must be carried (in any form) to the hospital as soon as possible.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>NO</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>No Suction</li>\n<li>No Cautery</li>\n<li>No Ligature</li>\n<li>No Tourniquet</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>RIGHT</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R:</strong> <strong>Reassure</strong> the patient</li>\n<li><strong>I:</strong> <strong>Immobilize</strong> the limb: by application of crepe bandages (Sutherland wraps)</li>\n<li><strong>GH: Get to the Hospital </strong>immediately</li>\n<li><strong>T: Tell </strong>history/symptoms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pressure bandage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Used for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3024d9916e16927771896f5b7159b6\">immobilization</span> of the limb by application of crepe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4f62176420169277718214bfcafae5\">bandage</span> - known as <strong>Sutherland wraps</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Contraindicated</strong> in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> bites.</li>\n<li>Ideal pressure: <strong>50-70 mm Hg.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>ASV</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Mainstay of treatment.</li>\n<li>Used only when signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> are present</li>\n<li>Polyvalent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4665fdd0a0169277718100f58eb0d5\">anti</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"885d09d8641692777199c6924d8e72\">snake venom</span> (PAV) used in India can neutralize<strong> (i) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862ec4693f16927771844445d898b3\">Cobra</span> (ii) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ecf38ca6d1692777190e6cfbd5b94\">Krait</span> (iii) Russel <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> (iv) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"81873d792a1692777198d28b2c07bd\">Saw-scaled viper</span> bites.</strong></li>\n<li>Dose: 1-2 ml/kg (!0 vials)<strong> irrespective of sex/age.</strong></li>\n<li>Each vial: neutralizes 6-8 mg of snake venom</li>\n<li><strong>Test dose is not required/advised</strong> to be given before initiating ASV.</li>\n<li>Ideally to be<strong> given within 4 hours</strong> of snake bite.</li>\n<li>To be <strong>given until clinical improvement </strong>(in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862ec4693f16927771844445d898b3\">cobra</span> bites)/ <strong>Clotting time becomes normal </strong>(in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> bites).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Adjuvant treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Neostigmine</strong> 1.5mg: for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3192bc953d1692777193435f387a7c\">neuroparalytic</span> symptoms <strong>(cobra bite)</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Atropine</strong> 0.5mg: To antagonize <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> actions of Ach.</li>\n<li>Surgical debridement and FFP may be required in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">Viper</span> bites.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FNN8jpr6DEoO5uI9hrFw1746933965.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following snakes is known for its myotoxic venom?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "King Cobra", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sea Snake", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Russell’s Viper", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Banded Krait", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Sea Snake", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/HDj89gfZghmhZGHVeuyB1735872076.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurotoxic Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vasculotoxic Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Single Breath Count Test</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Count numbers in a single breath.</li>\n<li>Repeat the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e58c34390016927771859e87c91ed7\">counting</span> test every 15 minutes.</li>\n<li>If it decreases, it indicates ongoing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> failure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Whole Blood <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">Clotting</span> Test (WBCT)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Put <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60d609888b169277720258496ef45a\">whole blood</span> in a clean and dry test tube.</li>\n<li>Wait for 20 minutes and analyse the blood in the test tube.</li>\n<li>After 20 minutes if <strong>blood clots: No snake bite</strong> or not <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"71da8943d116927772016dff32d2ab\">vasculotoxic</span> venom.</li>\n<li>After 20 minutes if <strong>blood does not clot: Suggests <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">Viper</span> snake</strong> poisoning.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6Lfa5sbwohKq4Vf4lxOn1740223215.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is a key difference between neurotoxic and vasculotoxic snake venoms?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Neurotoxic venom local reaction is extensive and vasculotoxic venom local reaction is minimal", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tongue paralysis is seen in vasculotoxic snakes.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Neurotoxic venom leads to severe swelling at the bite site, while vasculotoxic venom causes respiratory paralysis.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Neurotoxic venom causes wet gangrene , while vasculotoxic venom causes dry gangrene.", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Neurotoxic venom causes wet gangrene , while vasculotoxic venom causes dry gangrene.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:610px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurotoxic snakes (Elapidae)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vasculotoxic (Viper)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causes muscular, weakness of legs and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> of muscles of face, throat and respiration.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11d4157da4169277718762144a4fe7\">enzymatic</span> destruction of cell walls and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42f1e4deb8169277718412c0681a54\">coagulation</span> disorders causing hemolysis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ptosis: B/L drooping of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"819ddea9e51692777187cdff06b437\">eyelid</span> -M/C</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>DIC - </strong>Disseminated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"837d6227d81692777190a063ea2cd4\">Intravascular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09376c06ef16927771848108fd8f70\">Coagulopathy</span> causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Local reaction: Minimal (<strong>Option A</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Local reaction: Extensive</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tongue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> seen <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tongue not affected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Descending paralysis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">Respiratory</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> with dysphagia, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"513e3f58591692777186180423ae9f\">dysphonia</span> and dysarthria. <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circulatory failure</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wet gangrene, early onset <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dry gangrene, late onset</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pulse: Initially normal, then irregular.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pulse: weak and irregular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coagulation not affected</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coagulation with hemorrhagic manifestations</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Normal pupils</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pupils dilated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypersalivation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Normal salivation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Staggering gait</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not affected specifically</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pwlUii2oKurSs1bQTTXD1740223130.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not a physical feature of a poisonous snake?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Small belly scales", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Small head scales", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Long fang", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Compressed tail", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Small belly scales", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/2dVfOzQCQh6a2vGsdGpD1735871659.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/yNEpobZSo4HfXc7uz8KT1735871717.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ve2f79zLGxQUlD4aKovC1735871751.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pPjxpIvO9FAomVWekvss1735871782.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RUlKXGY3bVZ51YkKRVLB1735871823.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/wuCnVJVoztr80xQtXnZp1735871863.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hfok8wA6c5BcnqafESTz1736066001.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisonous snakes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Non-poisonous snakes </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head scales: </strong>Small, large scales seen with heat sensing pit antero-inferior to the eye.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head scales: </strong>Large with certain exceptions.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Belly scales: </strong>Large and cover the entire <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6a728793d1692777183f8bab2d772\">breadth</span> of belly.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Belly scales: </strong>Small like those on the back and do not cover the entire breadth.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fangs:</strong> Long and canalized like a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e978bee5781692777189dddd001d74\">hypodermic</span> needle.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fangs:</strong> Short and solid.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Single row of scales.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Double rows of scales.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tail compressed</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tail not markedly compressed.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bite marks: </strong>Two <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e08b12ec816927772029b0b7c09ae\">fang</span> marks, with or without small marks of other teeth.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bite marks: </strong>Number of small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> marks in row.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/2dVfOzQCQh6a2vGsdGpD1735871659.png\" width=\"500\"/></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/yNEpobZSo4HfXc7uz8KT1735871717.png\" width=\"500\"/></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ve2f79zLGxQUlD4aKovC1735871751.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/pPjxpIvO9FAomVWekvss1735871782.png\" width=\"500\"/></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Snakes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features and fatal doses</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Common cobra</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head and neck: </strong>Hood present with spectacle marks</li>\n<li><strong>Belly: </strong>Smooth scales</li>\n<li><strong>Back: </strong>Spectacled white or yellow</li>\n<li><strong>Colour:</strong> Brown/black/green</li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxic</strong>: Elapids</li>\n<li><strong>Fatal dose(Dried form)= 15mg</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/RUlKXGY3bVZ51YkKRVLB1735871823.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>King cobra</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head and neck: </strong>Hood present without spectacle marks</li>\n<li><strong>Belly: </strong>Scales look shiny but dry to touch.</li>\n<li><strong>Back: </strong>Yellow or black bands with broad chevron like markings.</li>\n<li><strong>Colour:</strong> Yellow/black/green with white cross bands.</li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxic</strong>: Elapids</li>\n<li><strong>Fatal dose(Dried form)= 12mg</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Common krait</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head and neck: </strong>Covered with large shields.</li>\n<li><strong>Belly: </strong>Creamy white</li>\n<li><strong>Back: </strong>Single/double white bands with central row of hexagonal scales.</li>\n<li><strong>Colour:</strong> Steel blue/black.</li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxic</strong>: Elapids</li>\n<li><strong>Fatal dose(Dried form)= 2-5-6mg</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Banded krait</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head and neck: </strong>Covered with large shields.</li>\n<li><strong>Belly: </strong>Triangular in cross section.</li>\n<li><strong>Back: </strong>Alternate black and yellowish bands.</li>\n<li><strong>Colour:</strong> Steel blue/black.</li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxic</strong>: Elapids</li>\n<li><strong>Fatal dose(Dried form)= 10 mg</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/wuCnVJVoztr80xQtXnZp1735871863.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Russell’s viper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Head and neck: </strong>Flat triangular with distinct ‘V’ mark and small scales.</li>\n<li><strong>Belly: </strong>White with broad plates.</li>\n<li><strong>Back: </strong>Three rows of diamond shaped black spots.</li>\n<li><strong>Colour:</strong> Brown/buff</li>\n<li><strong>Vasculotoxic</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Fatal dose(Dried form)= 40 mg</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/hfok8wA6c5BcnqafESTz1736066001.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6hk8g3gEnZXaFINqW6hC1746933587.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the treatment of choice for the sting of the organism given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Prazosin", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Atropine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Calcium gluconate", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Scorpion antevenom", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Prazosin", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/oRG5PHEdePUlBVN0gMgH1735871220.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/FCYrSDj5SI7K0mJWwsG71735871282.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/yLrcFj3Cf94774DPnPWB1740222873.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the mechanism of action of the poison found in these seeds (image)?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Stimulation of anterior horn cells of spinal cord", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Inhibition of anterior horn cells of spinal cord", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stimulation of posterior horn of spinal cord", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Inhibition of posterior horn of spinal cord", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Stimulation of anterior horn cells of spinal cord", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/WR4Ppw7TxQkTwkA8IBMA1735831931.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/4um99zLuexLTfVP8tRIY1735832018.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Seeds of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"24e1b1e94e16927771993ee8eba71c\">Strychnos</span> nux-vomica and other species of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"24e1b1e94e16927771993ee8eba71c\">Strychnos</span> plants found in India.</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"H. Zell \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strychnos_nux-vomica\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"410\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/4um99zLuexLTfVP8tRIY1735832018.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Stimulates all parts of the central nervous system, especially the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">anterior</span> horn cells. Greatly increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">reflex</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3892cfe03616927771872f834cf855\">excitability</span> by removing normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> of motor cell stimulation, causing widespread uncontrolled motor activity of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Slight <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d7e9fdf401692777199f2038941b6\">stimuli</span> like noise, light, or a breeze can cause violent generalized muscle spasms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Differentiating Points</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tetanus</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1. History</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>History of poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>History of injury</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2. Onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sudden onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gradual onset</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3. Convulsions/Spasms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Generalized convulsions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lockjaw (trismus)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4. Chest Movement</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chest fixed during convulsions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not typically fixed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">Relaxation</span> Between Spasms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> between seizures</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Relaxation between spasms is never complete</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6. Duration Until Fatality</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ends fatally within a few hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Death is rare within a few hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7. Chemical Evidence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chemical analysis reveals the poison</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No specific chemical detection</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/a2fJVE8ibQP2X1ZOL5Bz1746632084.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is conducting an autopsy on a 38-year-old male who died after an accidental exposure to hydrofluoric acid (HF) at an industrial plant. Which of the following postmortem findings is most characteristic of HF poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cherry-red discoloration of the blood", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Black tarry stool", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Severe hypocalcemia and calcium deposits in tissues", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Widespread gastric mucosal erosion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Severe hypocalcemia and calcium deposits in tissues", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:731px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chemical Properties</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Aqueous solution of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">hydrogen</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cdfdfcdc616927772026ac0b8d995\">fluoride</span> (HF) in concentrations from 0.5% (domestic) to 100% (industrial).</li>\n<li>Potent dehydrating agent; causes chemical burns.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sources and Uses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Found in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5db9e313fc16927771979533819e50\">rust</span> removers, detergents, cleaning agents.</li>\n<li>Used in glass etching, metal processing, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d26d46fd871692777202d946109e5d\">fluorine</span> compound production.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of Toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Corrosive: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">Hydrogen</span> ions cause immediate tissue damage by <strong>coagulative necrosis.</strong></li>\n<li>Fluoride <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b2f2a6d0a16927771902f60fa9ff7\">ion</span> toxicity: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cdfdfcdc616927772026ac0b8d995\">Fluoride</span> ions penetrate tissues, leading to <strong>liquefactive necrosis</strong> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> toxicity.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Routes of Exposure</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dermal contact: Common, causes severe burns.</li>\n<li>Inhalation: Leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> distress.</li>\n<li>Ingestion: Causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3a647ce2516927771881427f56c1d\">gastrointestinal</span> burns.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dermal burns: Severe pain, redness, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e84a7987c16927771931012aced83\">necrosis</span> (may be delayed).</li>\n<li>Ocular injury: Conjunctivitis, corneal erosion, possible vision loss.</li>\n<li>Respiratory issues: Coughing, dyspnea, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18b452e75916927771864c9ad533e1\">edema</span> (from inhalation).</li>\n<li>Gastrointestinal distress: Nausea, vomiting, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> pain (from ingestion).</li>\n<li>Neuromuscular: Confusion, seizures due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e0552462e16927771871413861fb7\">electrolyte</span> imbalances (hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Severe burns in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"192677035a169277718780b4d6dbbb\">esophageal</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> mucosa.</li>\n<li>Hyperemic lesions in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"98d387b7bd1692777201278b27be72\">tubular</span> system.</li>\n<li>Necrotic lesions in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> muscle.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Promptly rinse the area with water or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> for at least 30 minutes.</li>\n<li>Apply 2.5% <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff3235f97616927771884121a800e7\">gluconate</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b0bdc3a1d416927771884d50c944ec\">gel</span> every 10-15 minutes until pain subsides.</li>\n<li>Severe cases may require <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">intravenous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> gluconate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">airway</span> support, and monitoring of electrolytes in an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dcf52bc6051692777189bc6d95b5e5\">ICU</span> setting.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/gwTHv0I1SlsoUNJUjX9x1740222625.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old man is found unconscious with a strong odor of antiseptic on his breath. He is rushed to the emergency department where he develops hypotension and renal failure. On examination, his angle of mouth is stained gray, and he has burns on his esophagus. The patient had a history of greenish discoloration of urine. What is the most likely cause of these findings?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Oxalic acid poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sulfuricacid poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Carbolicacid poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Nitricacid poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Carbolicacid poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Phenol <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">Poisoning</span> (Carbolism)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p><strong>Physical Properties</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Colorless, crystalline, turns pink on air exposure; slightly acidic, forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"098277f17416927771959555d6594d\">phenolate</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b2f2a6d0a16927771902f60fa9ff7\">ion</span> (C6H5O⁻).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p><strong>Uses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Antiseptic/disinfectant; Lysol (50% cresol), Dettol (chlorinated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> with turpineol).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>1-2 g <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> or 25-50 ml of household phenol.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Period</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>3-4 hours.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p><strong>Tissue Discoloration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Can lead to <strong>ochronosis</strong> (bluish-black discoloration in tissues like ears and sclera).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:321px\">\n<p><strong>Signs and symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Local Effects: </strong>Tingling → <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6a2c6342d1692777193c3414d0cc8\">numbness</span> → <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42f1e4deb8169277718412c0681a54\">coagulation</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e84a7987c16927771931012aced83\">necrosis</span> → painless white eschar, which turns brown and sloughs off.</li>\n<li><strong>Gastrointestinal: </strong>Initial burning/tingling, later anesthesia; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aaabe672c51692777186a829ebdc0c\">diarrhea</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> pain, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> rare.</li>\n<li><strong>Respiratory: </strong>Phenol <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad1552dd561692777194d3a54eede2\">odor</span> on breath, laryngeal/pulmonary edema, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"28124be41d16927771991057ff7428\">stertorous</span> breathing, cyanosis.</li>\n<li>Metabolized by kidneys into hydroquinone/pyrocatechol; causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a32a36279a1692777183fa28bd1f39\">carboluria</span> (<strong>dark green urine</strong>).</li>\n<li><strong>Cardiovascular (CVS): </strong>Rapid, feeble, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> pulse; cold, clammy skin; collapse, unconsciousness, coma.</li>\n<li><strong>Muscular: </strong>Muscle spasms, convulsions</li>\n<li><strong>CNS: </strong>Headache, giddiness, tinnitus, contracted pupils.</li>\n<li><strong>Renal:</strong> Dark smoky green color of urine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>External: Gray/brown corrosions on mouth, body, hands; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8cfbaec254169277719502145be7ce\">phenolic</span> odor, delayed putrefaction.</li>\n<li>Internal: Corroded GIT mucosa, leathery stomach, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> edema, hemorrhagic nephritis.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Medico-legal Aspects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Used in suicides, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> poisoning, rare for homicides (strong odor/taste), abortifacient.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/kDwZo6YhZ4vnrdLhHIva1740222492.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is performing autopsies on two individuals who died from chemical poisoning. One case involves nitric acid and the other oxalic acid. Which of the following postmortem findings is most consistent with oxalic acid poisoning rather than nitric acid poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Yellow discoloration of the skin with congestion of the larynx and trachea", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Perforation of stomach", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Soft, friable stomach wall with ulceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gelatinous brown stomach content with swollen, congested kidneys showing necrosis", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Gelatinous brown stomach content with swollen, congested kidneys showing necrosis", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:717px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>HNO₃ (Nitric Acid)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oxalic Acid</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical Properties</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Colorless, pungent, choking, burning taste, fuming</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Colorless, transparent, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebbe31bebf16927771969cb13b3b9e\">prismatic</span> crystals, resembles MgSO₄ and ZnSO₄</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10–15 ml</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15–20 g</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Period</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12–24 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1–2 hours (may extend to 2 days–2 weeks with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Oropharyngeal burns, pain in throat and epigastrium</li>\n<li>Dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia</li>\n<li>Eructation, vomiting</li>\n<li>Thirst</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fulminating: Immediate symptoms, coffee-ground vomiting, severe thirst, diarrhea, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e0552462e16927771871413861fb7\">electrolyte</span> imbalance, death within minutes</li>\n<li>Acute: Tingling, numbness, tetany, convulsions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure</li>\n<li>Delayed: Nephritis, oxaluria, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vomitus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acidic, contains altered blood and mucous</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coffee-ground vomitus</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teeth</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yellowish coating, not brittle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No specific change</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urination &amp; Tenesmus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Renal failure, scanty urine, oxaluria</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Abdominal Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal distension due to gas</li>\n<li>Tenderness</li>\n<li>Stiffness (due to distension)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Burning pain, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> distension</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">Mucosa</span> Erosion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yellow discoloration over angles of mouth, lips, fingers</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>No external findings</li>\n<li>Mucosal bleaching, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e080e66b31692777185b4a8c1e3d7\">corrosion</span> in mouth, esophagus, stomach</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Perforation of Stomach</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No perforation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"be6fe9c6c316927771889dbaaf2b89\">gelatinous</span> brown content in stomach <strong>(Option D) </strong><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A and D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Yellow discoloration of skin</li>\n<li>Congestion of larynx, trachea</li>\n<li>Soft, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8b9056372a169277720355419379ac\">friable</span> stomach wall, ulcerated</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Bleached <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">mucosa</span> (mouth, pharynx, esophagus)</li>\n<li>Red, velvety or blackish stomach wall</li>\n<li>Swollen, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8edfbdf9211692777184ea95263168\">congested</span> kidneys with necrosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Aspects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Accidental or suicidal</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d99c0d93d1692777189a9b55f0c3f\">homicide</span> rare</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Usually <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> (mistaken for MgSO₄)</strong>, rare in suicides or homicides, occasionally used as an abortifacient</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/M1oFTenq00vScqlX1WGU1740222307.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40 year old man was found unconscious at home, with an open container of unknown acid nearby. He was rushed to the ER but died shortly after arrival. During autopsy, the police surgeon notes several injuries consistent with corrosive ingestion along with chalky white, brittleteeth. Which forensic finding would solidify the above finding in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bright red lividity", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Blackish staining and necrosis of the lips and mouth", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Greenish discoloration of the skin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Yellowish staining and necrosis of the lips and mouth", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Blackish staining and necrosis of the lips and mouth", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/qdkKQgcnPVciaMQSMXuR1735870862.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/OnD4U43tYBbjxBFbBXhI1735870959.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Physical Properties:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Colorless, odorless, with a burning taste; oily and non-fuming.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Fatal Dose: 5–10 ml of concentrated acid.</li>\n<li>Fatal Period: 12–18 hours post-ingestion.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Burning sensation and pain in the throat and epigastric region.</li>\n<li>Dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia</li>\n<li>Eructation and vomiting: Frequent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d48c89e85716927771823c264c26d9\">belching</span> and vomiting.</li>\n<li><strong>Thirst: Present (worsened <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> by drinking fluids)</strong></li>\n<li>Vomitus: Strongly acidic, contains altered blood and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> shreds.</li>\n<li><strong>Teeth: Become chalky white and brittle.</strong></li>\n<li>Constipation: Usually present.</li>\n<li>Urination: Suppressed.</li>\n<li>Tenesmus present</li>\n<li>Nature of stool: Presence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab75ea330616927771938a64f8ebd6\">mucus</span> and altered blood.</li>\n<li>Tenderness over the abdomen</li>\n<li>Abdominal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b52ddf2a451692777199b4d38e5c53\">stiffness</span> due to peritonitis</li>\n<li><strong>Abdominal distension: Uncommon.</strong></li>\n<li>Skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> erosion: Especially on the mouth, lips, and fingers;<strong> blackening and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c69e43907e1692777187901f8d665f\">excoriation</span> occur.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Stomach Perforation: Frequently seen.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Shock, stomach perforation, peritonitis, laryngeal spasm, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cbd2d1fd521692777191d00c1a4ede\">malnutrition</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"192677035a169277718780b4d6dbbb\">esophageal</span> stricture.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Erosion of skin and mouth angles, black charring of the stomach, stomach perforation, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3d212ebd316927771996e0c472d4a\">swelling</span> in the liver and kidneys.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Chittaranjan Behera, Saurav Chopra, A. Garg, R. Kumar\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sulphuric-acid-marketed-in-water-bottle-in-India%3A-A-Behera-Chopra/7894816a82327bb09dfa9632e11862340cd6b751\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"569\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/qdkKQgcnPVciaMQSMXuR1735870862.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n<p> </p>\n<p>Perforation of stomach</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Rahman, Nisreen &amp; Das, Siddhartha &amp; Chaudhari, Vinod &amp; Nandagopal, Suresh &amp; Badhe, Bhawana.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY \" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Thinning-of-posterior-wall-of-the-stomach-b-Histopathology-showing-transmural-necrosis_fig3_318504824\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"497\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/OnD4U43tYBbjxBFbBXhI1735870959.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<p> </p>\n<p>Thinning of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> wall of the stomach</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Aspects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Often occurs <strong>accidentally </strong>(mistaken for glycerin) or in <strong>suicide </strong>cases.</li>\n<li>Rarely associated with homicide.</li>\n<li>May be used as an <strong>abortifacient or for vitriolage</strong> (acid attacks).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8BTcOBAkCO9lxGDrzhTq1740222132.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In cases of poisoning by corrosive substances, gastric lavage can be performed in which of the following situations? A) Sulphuric acid poisoning B) Hydrochloric acid poisoning C) Carbolic acid (Phenol) poisoning D) Ammonia poisoning E) Oxalic acid poisoning", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "All except D", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "All except A and B", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Only C and E", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Only E", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. All except A and B", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:725px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mineral Acids</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Avoid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> lavage/emetics.</li>\n<li>Dilute by giving milk or water.</li>\n<li>Administer 4 tablespoons of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c2e691551716927771816d25580630\">aluminum hydroxide</span> gel.</li>\n<li>Provide demulcents (olive oil, milk, egg white, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"24511b2ef716927771990798c3d939\">starch</span> water, butter).</li>\n<li>Avoid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2311c3b4ac16927771831d4c919043\">bicarbonate</span> or neutralizing agents.</li>\n<li>Prednisolone: 60 mg/day in divided doses.</li>\n<li>Treat shock with IV fluids, blood products (if bleeding), and antibiotics (if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"23b5d65f051692777195987380382d\">perforation</span> is suspected).</li>\n<li>Tracheostomy for glottic edema.</li>\n<li>Nothing by mouth for a week, followed by IV nutrients, gradually reintroducing liquids, soft foods, and regular diet.</li>\n<li>Morphine for pain relief.</li>\n<li>Symptomatic treatment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organic Acids</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oxalic Acid</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> lactate</strong> (2 tsp/lavage).</li>\n<li>Antidotes: Limewater, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> lactate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> gluconate/chloride (150 mg/kg orally) to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"28ddbfbaa51692777194aa6875fac4\">oxalate</span> for excretion.</li>\n<li>Calcium gluconate: 10 ml of 10% solution IV frequently.</li>\n<li>Parathyroid extracts: 100 units IM.</li>\n<li>Bowel management: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a4bfd52f381692777185016dde6e35\">Demulcent</span> drinks, enemas, purgatives.</li>\n<li>Hemodialysis/exchange <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cbb73554631692777200444a9ea263\">transfusion</span> if needed.</li>\n<li>Symptomatic treatment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carbolic Acid (Phenol)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> (done with caution) with lukewarm water, charcoal, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4343fc2541692777194aad44b3433\">olive</span> oil, MgSO4, or Na2SO4.</li>\n<li>Leave <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"622e7e7588169277719281aceef2a3\">medicinal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5225a8323c1692777191b0178a0096\">liquid paraffin</span> or 30 g MgSO4 in the stomach after lavage.</li>\n<li>Provide demulcents.</li>\n<li>IV <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> with 7 g NaHCO3/l to manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3739d892c1692777184b2e134615c\">circulatory</span> depression, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e63a499e5716927771860681cef17d\">dilute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6d1f123ee21692777183f3fcf75999\">carbolic acid</span> and promote diuresis.</li>\n<li>If <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> contacts the skin: Remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water, and apply <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4343fc2541692777194aad44b3433\">olive</span> oil/methylated spirit.</li>\n<li>Emetics have a limited role.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alkalis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gastric lavage/emetics contraindicated.</li>\n<li>Immediately <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e63a499e5716927771860681cef17d\">dilute</span> with water.</li>\n<li>Give demulcents (egg white, milk).</li>\n<li>Administer O2 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> in case of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"edbc0adbb31692777181ed0ee792d4\">ammonia</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"19a5a39c6b169277720158b14e5cf1\">vapor</span> poisoning</li>\n<li>Maintain airway, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"955bd148331692777200316f3d9855\">tracheostomy</span> if needed.</li>\n<li>Administer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f4eacdbe7b1692777194d7caa2017d\">parenteral</span> analgesics and antibiotics.</li>\n<li>Steroids contraindicated if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"192677035a169277718780b4d6dbbb\">esophageal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"23b5d65f051692777195987380382d\">perforation</span> is present.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Corrosives Classification</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Acids</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Alkalis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mineral acids </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organic acids</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Example:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sulphuric acid</li>\n<li>Nitric acid</li>\n<li>Hydrochloric acid</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Example:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oxalic acid</li>\n<li>Carbolic acid</li>\n<li>Acetic acid</li>\n<li>Salicylic acid</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Example:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Caustic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"848eb73cae16927771965d229c80c2\">potash</span> and soda</li>\n<li>Ammonium hydroxide</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Xis43NTGx8z13gOXxI3I1746933240.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the mechanism of action of the toxin present in this plant?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Causes extrasystoles", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Paralyses respiratory muscles", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Causes CNS depression", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "CNS hyperexcitation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Causes extrasystoles", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/AAnXJWta7EgBRNRjR9ZS1735870665.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Source</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Roots, leaves, and seeds contain several glycosides: digitoxin, digitalin, digitalein, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"00d69cf3891692777186abcf538342\">digitonin</span> (most poisonous).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mechanism of action</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Glycosides <strong>act on the heart</strong>, improving heart function by prolonging the diastolic period.</li>\n<li>In toxic doses, they<strong> increase <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3892cfe03616927771872f834cf855\">excitability</span> and cause extrasystoles.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"9\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treatment</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"9\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>ECG monitoring.</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"86e6f9a240169277720098e68bfbbe\">tannic acid</span> solution.</li>\n<li>Activated charcoal.</li>\n<li>Purgatives if needed.</li>\n<li>Atropine for bradycardia.</li>\n<li>Potassium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> to reduce extrasystoles.</li>\n<li>Lignocaine, novocaine, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"082f7143eb1692777196df69a3b6cb\">propranolol</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias.</li>\n<li>Trisodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> may help lower <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ffaec13de169277719828374cfda0\">serum</span> calcium.</li>\n<li>Symptomatic treatment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pZvf4l9YlHXqm2v75Rt91740221771.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Given is the image of a poisonous plant. Which part of this plant is poisonous?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Flower", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "All parts", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Root", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Seed", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. All parts", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/JXKrb1qrdGGLIUGozs8B1735834937.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>All parts of the plant are poisonous.<strong> (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Active Principles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Glycosides: Thevetin, thevotoxin, cerberin, peruvoside.</li>\n<li>Thevetin: A powerful <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> poison.</li>\n<li>Thevotoxin: Less toxic than thevetin, similar to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"65454722181692777186eb89b626df\">digitalis</span> glycosides.</li>\n<li>Cerberin: Acts like strychnine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Local: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8beb46e52516927771989c115d47b5\">Sap</span> may cause inflammation.</li>\n<li>Ingestion: Burning sensation in the mouth, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b7020a23961692777200b1237ae429\">tingling</span> of the tongue, dry throat, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness.</li>\n<li>Later stages: Dilated pupils, drowsiness, loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> power, rapid/weak/irregular pulse, falling blood pressure, heart block.</li>\n<li>Death: Due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"255674f3271692777195c172d86daf\">peripheral</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3739d892c1692777184b2e134615c\">circulatory</span> failure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> and single-dose activated charcoal.</li>\n<li>IV sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a751dc161169277719123aae1b764\">lactate</span> molar solution and 5% <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"af3ae60c0c16927771889b84ca41c0\">glucose</span> to combat acidosis.</li>\n<li>Atropine, Adrenaline, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfd5a98d7c1692777193e1f0ceb2b5\">Noradrenaline</span> to counteract <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40b788dd6916927771888a3ea6872f\">heart block</span> and low blood pressure.</li>\n<li>Digoxin-specific <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d7a12cab116927771811a0079086d\">antibody</span> fragments to treat life-threatening <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias.</li>\n<li>Symptomatic treatment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/eUhnNLDsEnuP7xveGphB1740221656.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements on aconite is false?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "All parts of the plant are poisonous", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Easily detected postmortem", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Affects voltage-sensitive sodium channels", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-2 g of root is lethal", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Easily detected postmortem", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bhdjt3uHggcyc5scsTjl1735834747.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1YKrI9Qr82mq0zGmtMcZ1735834817.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:637px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Species</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Aconitum napellus, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f4e334382816927771807e4a28d877\">Aconitum</span> ferox</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Synonyms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Monk’s hood</strong>, mitha zaher, bish, wolf’s bane, women’s bane, devil’s helmet, or blue rocket</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Source</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>All parts of the plant are poisonous <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Root and root tubers are the most potent (often mistaken for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb9802dc0d16927771896b5ccdea41\">horseradish</span> root)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Active Principles</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Aconitine, pseudo-aconitine, indaconitine, picraconitine, aconine.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mechanism of Action</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Affects voltage-sensitive sodium channels, stimulates then paralyzes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"408bcde7f01692777198acadb8e1c6\">sensory</span> nerves, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e7aec9ff416927771984a1e3100b7\">secretory</span> nerves, CNS, and myocardium. <strong>(Option C ruled out) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Symptoms (by system)</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>GIT: Nausea, vomiting, salivation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> pain, diarrhea, burning/tingling of mouth, tongue, throat, followed by numbness.</li>\n<li>CVS: <strong>Hypotension, bradycardia</strong>, chest pain, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc8cac43cc16927772015049bb5ab8\">ventricular</span> tachycardia/fibrillation, slow/feeble pulse.</li>\n<li>CNS: Vertigo, restlessness, headache, giddiness.</li>\n<li>MS: Muscle weakness, twitching, spasms.</li>\n<li>RS: Slow, labored, shallow breathing.</li>\n<li>Ocular:<strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b5a7ceea716927771815e7283e571\">Alternating</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e419fd4e241692777196d038d1b71a\">pupil</span> dilation/contraction (hippus)</strong>, diplopia, impaired vision.</li>\n<li>Others: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"badba65b4c16927771990edb2d999c\">Subnormal</span> temperature, cold skin, yellow-green vision, tinnitus, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9fdd7489051692777202cffe3f24cc\">facial</span> muscles.</li>\n<li>Death: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">Respiratory</span> failure or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc8cac43cc16927772015049bb5ab8\">ventricular</span> fibrillation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatal Dose</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Root: 1-2 g.<strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treatment</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>No specific antidote.</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with tannic acid/activated charcoal.</li>\n<li>Inotropic therapy for hypotension, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> for bradycardia.</li>\n<li>Ventricular <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5280ec6ae91692777182aa6322ae68\">arrhythmia</span> treated with amiodarone, flecainide; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f0e2f0fe91692777183bfa6c6a156\">cardiopulmonary</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4fc6b3ee501692777183061d4f55ff\">bypass</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3790c638ab16927771970a0a41d3ab\">refractory</span> cases.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Medico-legal Aspects</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ideal homicidal poison: cheap, easily available, small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4f6bb2e54b1692777191056bf2218b\">lethal</span> dose, short fatal period, difficult to detect postmortem. <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Accidental poisoning: mistaken for horseradish</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/gpSr817kVAEyXvlt4gsu1746632394.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements on strychnine poisoning is wrong?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rigor mortis sets in late", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Delayed putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Strychnine can be detected in putrefied bodies and viscera", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Brain and spinal cord should be preserved for analysis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Rigor mortis sets in late", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/LDGufpiqhgH2NckDJZsx1735832183.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/vC0b3JTWVHtoYbIY1eyA1735832280.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:630px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clinical Features</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Opisthotonos</strong>- arched body with only the back of head and heels touching the ground:</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Charles Bell\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthotonus\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"270\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/LDGufpiqhgH2NckDJZsx1735832183.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Emprosthotonos- forward curve</li>\n<li>Pleurothotonus- sideways curve</li>\n<li>Risus sardonicus- fixed grin:</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Moraru, Liviu &amp; Budianu, Mihaela-Alexandra &amp; Musteață, Isabela-Raluca &amp; Septimiu, Voidăzan. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/WD-characteristic-sign-of-risus-sardonicus-in-a-37-year-old-man_fig3_378982949\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"668\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/vC0b3JTWVHtoYbIY1eyA1735832280.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treatment</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Immediate Care: Place in a dark, quiet room.</p>\n<p>- Anesthesia: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8457a0f5441692777184e9337c175f\">Chloroform</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">intravenous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8815b1ff5b1692777182be93e820b0\">barbiturate</span> if spasms allow.</p>\n<p>- Adsorption: Administer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90974ed702169277718167b03c69c3\">animal charcoal</span> to absorb free strychnine, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"86e6f9a240169277720098e68bfbbe\">tannic acid</span> if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e7626b047e169277718484971217b8\">charcoal</span> is unavailable.</p>\n<p>- Antidotes: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">Intravenous</span> barbiturates to stop convulsions.</p>\n<p>- Muscle relaxants: Mephenesin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">intravenous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"80d3ceeba61692777186f4f5da691f\">diazepam</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f350ca9b3516927771814951e4c70c\">anticonvulsant</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Autopsy Findings</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5d9c18d816927771972634f9a13f\">Rigor</span> mortis: Sets in almost immediately <strong>(Option A) </strong>and passes off early.</p>\n<p>- Stomach contents: Remains of seeds may be found.</p>\n<p>- Delayed putrefaction. <strong>(Option B ruled out) </strong></p>\n<p>- Toxicological analysis: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"531c2333a41692777199152a47d1e6\">Strychnine</span> can be detected in putrefied bodies and viscera<strong> (Option C ruled out)</strong>; brain and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord should be preserved for analysis. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/XavWQU5I5YL1DgZC8rE31740221448.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 30 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A 30 year old construction manager presented with persistent abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue, and episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea over several months. His symptoms progressively worsened, and he developed skin changes, including darkening and hyperkeratosis on his palms and soles. Blood tests confirmed heavy metal poisoning. Which of the following is the preferred test and treatment for this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Neutron activation analysis and Naloxone", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Marsh test and BAL", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Atomic absorption spectroscopy and BAL", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gutzeit test and Naloxone", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and BAL", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:680px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tests </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The following tests estimate the concentration of arsenic in <strong>hair, bone, and nails:</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Neutron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> analysis (NAA) </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Atomic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b858e183101692777198186309ea61\">spectroscopy</span> (AAS) </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>The following tests are obsolete now:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Marsh test <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Reinsch test</li>\n<li>Gutzeit test <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine levels</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt;50 microns in 24 hours indicates arsenic poisoning<strong> (Best)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood level </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Serum arsenic &gt; 0.9 µg/dl</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hair level </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Best sample: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fff48ca9da16927771966fd16bbacc\">Pubic</span> hair</strong> (used for long-term exposure detection).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Radiography </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Abdominal X-ray</strong>: May show arsenic presence in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3a647ce2516927771881427f56c1d\">gastrointestinal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1a1307223f16927772017a994bfc39\">tract</span> in cases of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> poisoning.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Others </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CBC</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ffaec13de169277719828374cfda0\">serum</span> electrolytes, liver and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> function tests.</li>\n<li><strong>ECG</strong> and continuous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> monitoring in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"509310d4411692777199f2ffdb7769\">symptomatic</span> patients.</li>\n<li><strong>Chest X-ray</strong>: For severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> involvement.</li>\n<li>Monitoring and medical surveillance are required for employees exposed to arsenic.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:690px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supportive treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gastric lavage, airway, breathing, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"337d16dac5169277718474b97f6e4a\">circulation</span> management (intravenous fluids, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> monitoring, etc.).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medical treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Freshly prepared <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"341e757ca9169277718922ba058b1d\">hydrated</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a046503cb169277720259dec3f2be\">ferric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e08c004e8f1692777194c9d37e17ad\">oxide</span> (chemical antidote)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chelating agents</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BAL (Dimercaprol)</strong> <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>DMSA (Dimercapto succinic acid) or DMPS (Dimercapto <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b86061803c169277719669202a9beb\">propane</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4a46e999216927771999c7c57e747\">sulfonic</span> acid) </strong></li>\n<li>Penicillamine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other measures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Purgatives like Castor oil or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d7ed0baae169277719199f6e9ab7b\">Magnesium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"535af9a2181692777199309af44d24\">sulfate</span> (remove unabsorbed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> from the intestine).</li>\n<li>Glucose-saline with sodium bicarbonate.</li>\n<li>Hemodialysis or exchange transfusion.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KNZ7XQ5Cxhmu2UZeqWdy1740722642.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 39 year old man presents to the emergency department after consuming homemade alcohol, showing headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, confusion, and metabolic acidosis. Methanol poisoning is suspected, and treatment with fomepizole is initiated. Which mechanism explains how fomepizole mitigates methanol toxicity?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It is a competitive inhibitor to Methanol", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Increases the excretion of Formic acid", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Used in treating Metabolic acidosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other names for methanol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wood Alcohol/ Illicit Alcohol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Absorption and Metabolism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Absorbed through the stomach, intestine, also lungs and skin</li>\n<li>Alcohol <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d1ed86c771692777185d6b762efd5\">dehydrogenase</span> helps in forming\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Formaldehyde from Methanol</li>\n<li>Formic acid from Formaldehyde</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>CNS depressant</strong> and causes <strong>high <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ffaec13de169277719828374cfda0\">serum</span> osmolality</strong></li>\n<li>Formic acid is responsible for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">Metabolic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6caf3a39f416927771807e122b9032\">acidosis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7a2c30e416927771972f7df6f8c0\">Retinal</span> Toxicity</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Dose and Fatal Period</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60- 200 ml and 24 - 36 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Initially similar to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0705db1901692777187acdc0f9e24\">ethanol</span> poisoning</li>\n<li>Severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">Abdominal</span> cramps (early symptom)</li>\n<li>Neck Stiffness</li>\n<li>Vertigo</li>\n<li><strong>Dilated and fixed pupils</strong></li>\n<li>Muscle Weakness</li>\n<li><strong>Snowfield Vision and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b9a354cdb1692777194802683234d\">Optic</span> neuritis</strong></li>\n<li>Cardiac and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1a4a12fb416927771841c46faf6fb\">CNS</span> depression</li>\n<li>Coma</li>\n<li><strong>Severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">Metabolic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6caf3a39f416927771807e122b9032\">Acidosis</span> </strong>(Common cause of death)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gastric Lavage</strong> with 5% <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2311c3b4ac16927771831d4c919043\">bicarbonate</span> solution</li>\n<li><strong>Activated Charcoal</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Antidote</strong>:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Ethanol</strong> - Competitive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5fb56a28b1692777190396ae8b625\">inhibitor</span> to Methanol</li>\n<li><strong>Fomepizole</strong> - Competitive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5fb56a28b1692777190396ae8b625\">inhibitor</span> of alcohol dehydrogenase</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Folinic or Folic acid</strong>: Increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f7653c9ef1692777187deaa35f749\">excretion</span> of Formic acid</li>\n<li><strong>Sodium Bicarbonate: </strong>To manage acidosis</li>\n<li><strong>Hemodialysis: </strong>Treatment of choice in severe poisoning</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Marked Cyanosis</li>\n<li>Absent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">clotting</span> of blood</li>\n<li>Hemorrhagic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e84a7987c16927771931012aced83\">necrosis</span> of putamen</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hooch Tragedy </strong>is mass poisonings and deaths in India from consuming toxic illicit alcohol in the 2000s.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/k3iska32BWeKami8zqcH1746936761.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35 year old male presents with confusion, disorientation, nystagmus and impaired vision with a history of chronic alcoholism. On examination, he had ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. What is the likely condition that is causing these symptoms?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Mallory-Weiss Syndrome", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "MarChiafava's Syndrome", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Korsakoff Psychosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Wernicke's Encephalopathy", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Wernicke's Encephalopathy", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f8b7fb6b0916927771811841fcd9fa\">Alcoholism</span> Manifestations</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wernicke's Encephalopathy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b70d1dbde516927772000d7774d2a5\">Thiamine</span> Deficiency</li>\n<li>Symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Global confusion, ataxia</strong> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f5e312ab016927771813101d4b970\">Apathy</span> (early symptoms)</li>\n<li>Polyneuropathy</li>\n<li><strong>Ophthalmoplegia</strong></li>\n<li>Disorientation, recent memory loss and loss of attention span</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Rx</strong> -<strong> IV <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b70d1dbde516927772000d7774d2a5\">Thiamine</span> followed by oral thiamine.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Korsakoff <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb2d1482916927771964c2890313e\">Psychosis</span> </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Caused by untreated Wernicke's Encephalopathy</li>\n<li>Symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Confabulation</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Retrograde and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f04a43a8c16927771816dd61a4f17\">Anterograde</span> Amnesia</strong></li>\n<li>Difficulty in learning new things</li>\n<li>Severe Disorientation.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Rx</strong> -<strong> IV <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b70d1dbde516927772000d7774d2a5\">Thiamine</span> followed by oral thiamine</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>MarChiafava's Syndrome </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Caused by <strong>degeneration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7e902103fb16927771857729aade8b\">Corpus</span> callosum</strong></li>\n<li>Symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Intellectual Disorientation</li>\n<li>Epilepsy,</li>\n<li>Ataxia</li>\n<li>Dysarthria</li>\n<li>Hallucinations</li>\n<li>Spastic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> of the limb</li>\n<li>Dementia</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rx: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b70d1dbde516927772000d7774d2a5\">Thiamine</span> supplementation</strong> (especially in alcohol-related cases), <strong>antiepileptic drugs</strong> for seizures, and <strong>supportive therapies</strong> like physical and speech therapy for motor and speech deficits. Psychiatric care may be needed for hallucinations and cognitive impairment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alcohol Paranoia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Paranoid delusions are present with no hallucinations</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mallory Weiss Syndrome </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It involves <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"192677035a169277718780b4d6dbbb\">esophageal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">mucosa</span> caused by severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> or retching, which can lead to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3a647ce2516927771881427f56c1d\">gastrointestinal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> and mediastinitis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PITqvhe4qoSzHshkqIKB1740733638.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45 year old man with a history of chronic alcohol use presents to the emergency department after abrupt cessation of drinking for three days. He exhibits agitation and tremors. On examination, he has diaphoresis. Which of the following symptoms may also occur in alcohol withdrawal 72 hours after cessation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hypotension", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Severe Bradycardia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sedation", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Disorientation", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Disorientation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptom</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time since the last drink</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Explanation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tremors</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6 - 8 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>First symptoms to occur</li>\n<li>Tremors affecting hands, legs and trunk</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hallucination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&lt; 48 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Visual and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f17057f75016927771829e70074368\">Auditory</span> Hallucinations</li>\n<li><strong>Rx: Chlorpromazine</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seizures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt; 1 day</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tonic-Clonic seizures</li>\n<li><strong>Rum - fits</strong></li>\n<li>Sometimes, it can happen when the person is drinking also</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Delirium Tremens</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2 - 4 days</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It can happen due to sudden excessive consumption, stoppage, sudden injury, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> infection in chronic alcoholics.</li>\n<li>It is a <strong>severe condition</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Disorientation to time, place, and person</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Insomnia</strong> <strong>(Option C)</strong> Restlessness, agitation, confusion, and temporary memory loss</li>\n<li><strong>Coarse tremors</strong> (face, hand, tongue)</li>\n<li><strong>Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Hypertension</strong> <strong>(Options A and B)</strong> (Autonomic Hyperactivity)</li>\n<li><strong>Hallucinations</strong> are visual, auditory, and tactile.</li>\n<li>Rarely causes death due to <strong>shock, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> failure, or cerebral oedema</strong></li>\n<li><strong>IPC 84</strong> - Crime is not punishable under this condition</li>\n<li><strong>Rx: </strong>Diazepam (Agitation)\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Chlordiazepoxide (Withdrawal)</li>\n<li>Chlorpromazine (Sedation)</li>\n<li>Symptomatic management.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1paS3FMHL8IN2dAEbRvp1746936688.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old male weighing 100 kg was arrested for disorderly conduct at a market. Upon questioning, he confesses to consuming 100 grams of alcohol. Using the Widmark formula, calculate his Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). (The Widmark constant for men is 0.68)", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "167 mg%", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "127 mg%", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "137 mg%", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "147 mg%", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 147 mg%", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:497px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Widmark Formula is <strong>A = PCR</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A - Weight of alcohol</li>\n<li>P - Body weight</li>\n<li>C - Blood Alcohol Concentration</li>\n<li>R - is a constant (Fat- water ratio), <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e48bb8abfa1692777192e3fa06774f\">Men</span> - 0.68, Women - 0.55</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:600px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kozelka Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p>Qualitative tests (Macro method)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hena Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cavett Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Qualitative test (Micro method)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gas Chromatography</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Used in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"776c708371169277719229acae0798\">Medicolegal</span> cases</p>\n<p>Qualitative + <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ef5cb829b8169277719603304e73cb\">Quantitative</span> test.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:600px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Breathalyzer Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It follows <strong>Henry’s law</strong> and uses <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"82df9c600116927771907b7977a3b4\">infrared</span> rays to detect alcohol vapour in exhaled breath, converting this measurement into an estimated blood alcohol concentration.</li>\n<li>The current legal level of alcohol for driving is <strong>30 mg%</strong>. <strong> (Motor Vehicle Act)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:584px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Terms used based on BAC</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&lt; 10 mg%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sober</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 - 80 mg%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Drinking</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>80 - 150 mg%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Under influence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>150 - 300 mg%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intoxicated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt; 300 mg%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coma</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Hkkg0gBLqbGyYX5wZ0R21740733952.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28 year old male was brought to the ED after multiple episodes of vomiting, confusion, and irritability following alcohol consumption at a party. He had a flushed face, sensory impairment, and a heart rate of 105. He was suspected to be in the 2nd phase of intoxication. What is the likely blood alcohol concentration (BAC)?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "100 mg%", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "300 mg%", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "80 mg%", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "150 mg%", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 150 mg%", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/oVGa16osKBxjDTjrqVFD1735888102.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:623px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stages of intoxication</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stages</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BAC in mg%</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Excitement </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>30 - 150</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>There is slight <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4885d5d0021692777189aac6dc80f7\">impairment</span> in the <strong>cognitive, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"408bcde7f01692777198acadb8e1c6\">sensory</span> and motor functions</strong> at 30 mg%</li>\n<li><strong>Impaired reaction time</strong> at 50 mg%</li>\n<li>Alcohol gaze nystagmus, low pain sensitivity, and poor concentration at 80 - 100mg%</li>\n<li>Nausea and slight movement <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4762fe14581692777190889bb49176\">incoordination</span> is seen from 100 - 150 mg%</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Incoordination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>150 - 250</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nausea and Vomiting</li>\n<li>Sensory, Fine, and Skilled motor impairment</li>\n<li>Elevated heart rate</li>\n<li>Flushed face</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Brooks PJ, Enoch M-A, Goldman D, Li T-K, Yokoyama A\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 2.5\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_flush_reaction#/media/File:The_Alcohol_Flushing_Response.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"257\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/oVGa16osKBxjDTjrqVFD1735888102.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Coma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>&gt; 300</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Markedly affected speech (Thick and slurred speech), as well as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"408bcde7f01692777198acadb8e1c6\">sensory</span> and motor functions.</li>\n<li>Extreme <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21b3779eca1692777186ec4f369d76\">dizziness</span> and a sense of fall are present.</li>\n<li><strong>Positive McEwan’s sign</strong>: The patient's pupils are contracted, which <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7e9bc153d616927771866a8608d1a5\">dilate</span> on a stimulus like a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b6b1ecba7c16927771953ee3dc08ea\">pinch</span> or a slap and later return to the contracted phase.</li>\n<li>Usually recovers in 8 to 10 hours with a hangover.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Factors increasing Absorption</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Factors decreasing Absorption</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Mixing of drinks</li>\n<li>Drinking with Carbonated drinks (due to the increased surface area carrying alcohol)</li>\n<li>Warm drink</li>\n<li>Gastrectomy patients</li>\n<li>Drinking on an Empty stomach</li>\n<li>Chronic alcoholism</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Drinking after a mixed meal</li>\n<li>Cool Drink</li>\n<li>Achlorhydria</li>\n<li>Chronic gastritis</li>\n<li>In Pyloric spasm</li>\n<li>With Drugs reducing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8c1db40c9169277719258df1a6b43\">motility</span> (Atropine and Benzene)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:584px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sample</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Relative Concentration of alcohol in mg% at equilibrium</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Whole Blood</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1.00</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Plasma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1.12 - 1.2</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brain and Liver</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>0.85</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1.3</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vitreous</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1.2</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alveolar air</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>0.0021</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CSF</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1.1</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/9BwvAeWeD6Jp4pAroqCa1746936280.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30 year old male is brought to the emergency department by friends after acting erratically in public, hallucinating, and showing aggressive behaviour. He is agitated and confused and has dilated pupils and a rapid heart rate. While his vital signs are stable, he becomes more aggressive when approached. Which substance might be abused in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hemlock", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Chloral hydrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cocaine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Phencyclidine", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Phencyclidine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/STNdXDkYLRTfFjxrrigu1735887856.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8WIsV14n9aBgmSTpbs671735887917.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LXIoxFTyhcZ77l9klIdk1735887976.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:651px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Synthesised from piperazine, cyclohexanone, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> cyanide</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Street names</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Angel dust.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of intake</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smoking; Insufflation; Ingestion; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f4eacdbe7b1692777194d7caa2017d\">Parenteral</span> (rare)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Combination </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Mixed with parsley, mint, oregano, or marijuana.</li>\n<li>Tragic magico: Crack (cocaine) is dipped in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dfa4782410169277719441705b9cbf\">PCP</span> and smoked</li>\n<li>Love boat: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"61d304799e169277718381fcaeeb31\">Cannabis</span> is dipped in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dfa4782410169277719441705b9cbf\">PCP</span> and smoked.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blocking <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"000b76a37716927771932ba41c5089\">NMDA</span> receptor-mediated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"66748a30e91692777193358c35b2b0\">neurotransmission</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e91c7a22e71692777196ef9e02b8c0\">presynaptic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f214e1c23316927771928fe9222ddc\">monoamine</span> reuptake, increasing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9194a239ed1692777186bfe41c0e87\">dopamine</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfd5a98d7c1692777193e1f0ceb2b5\">noradrenaline</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5c4592475a1692777199991c761d11\">synaptic</span> levels. </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical features </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Acute <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb2d1482916927771964c2890313e\">psychosis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e9cc77ee216927771801bf1296c9c\">agitation</span> (violent behaviour).</li>\n<li><strong>PCP: </strong>Symptoms like confusion, disorientation, amnesia, catatonia, dystonic movements, mydriasis, tachycardia, hallucinations (auditory and visual), blank stare, nystagmus, blurred vision, etc.</li>\n<li><strong>Cannabis:</strong> Symptoms like euphoria, disorientation, <strong>hallucinations (visual and auditory)</strong>, sedation, dysphoria, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4a253810c1692777181f708ba3dc6\">appetite</span> stimulation, etc.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Supportive Care and Monitoring</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Sedation with Benzodiazepines</strong>: Administer benzodiazepines (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4398b2978c16927771915937fed503\">lorazepam</span> or diazepam) to control agitation, anxiety, and seizures. Avoid antipsychotics as they may worsen agitation.</li>\n<li><strong>Hydration and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">Renal</span> Support</strong>: Provide <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">intravenous</span> fluids to maintain <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a195b609f61692777189953f3adaa6\">hydration</span> and support <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> function, especially in cases of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c35cd252281692777193ae2ee42930\">myoglobinuria</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6LJM3tJK1KV716rEXdML1740734259.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25 year old male presents to the emergency department exhibiting severe agitation, hallucinations, and a heightened sense of paranoia after attending a rave. He reports feelings of overwhelming anxiety and visual distortions, claiming he sees colours and shapes that aren't there. Based on his symptoms, which substance is most likely responsible for his bad trip?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "MDMA", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Amphetamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "LSD", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Heroin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. LSD", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/aFzJbSi7UBgkydiXRGDR1735887630.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Lv5xqpR7lUTGs5AaQUVT1735887694.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:690px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lysergic acid diethylamide</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Claviceps purpurea or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"169c3fd0d316927771973d6d67fce3\">rye</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"618e9d3b6416927772031d0260310e\">fungus</span> (ergot alkaloid).</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Dominique Jacquin\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"OPEN ACCESS\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claviceps_purpurea#/media/File:Claviceps_purpurea.JPG\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"541\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/aFzJbSi7UBgkydiXRGDR1735887630.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sold as </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Acid blotter</li>\n<li>Paper stamp</li>\n<li>Tiny tablets (microdots)</li>\n<li>Gelatin squares (window panes)</li>\n<li>Liquid or powder</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\" Blotter Barn\t\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"OPEN ACCESS\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blotter_art#/media/File:Eye_of_horus_blotter_art.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"508\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Lv5xqpR7lUTGs5AaQUVT1735887694.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral intake; Smoke (rare); <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f4eacdbe7b1692777194d7caa2017d\">Parenteral</span> (rare)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>5HT-1 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> agonist</strong> (increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"06eba971ce169277719884f8c62937\">serotonin</span> level)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>14 mg</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical manifestations</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Good trip</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c773a2b6e81692777196cb811fd5d9\">Psychotropic</span> effect consisting of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41b8036e5416927771870abd5bdbc2\">euphoria</span> including visual hallucinations, illusions, sensations of <strong>synesthesia</strong> (seeing smell or hearing colours)</li>\n<li><strong>Bad trip</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c773a2b6e81692777196cb811fd5d9\">Psychotropic</span> effect consisting of an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> panic reaction as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39a55021ff16927771946d220fe0db\">paranoid</span> delusion, violent behaviour, anxiety, automatism, or depersonalisation.</li>\n<li>Symptoms like sweating, dry mouth, mydriasis, hypertension, tachycardia, mood change, etc.</li>\n<li><strong>Bizarre perceptual changes: </strong>Faces and body parts appear distorted, objects undulate, sounds may be amplified and distorted, and colours seem brighter with halos around them.</li>\n<li><strong>Flashback phenomenon: </strong>The individual experiences a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1d849ebc9b1692777197d4af1fa8d2\">recurrence</span> of the emotional and psychological aspects from the previous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c5c5fc3a2c1692777191e90255f1cb\">LSD</span> trip.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Anti-anxiety drugs (Low dose)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)</strong></li>\n<li>Prolonged talking involves<strong> verbal reassurance</strong> to keep the person grounded and reduce paranoia.</li>\n<li><strong>Psychotherapy </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/oDL5H9ciZPoazTU5jPOr1746936011.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35 year old man who works in a jewelry factory is brought to the emergency department drowsy, with sudden irritability, confusion, and vomiting over 24 hours. Examination shows a bluish line on his gums and pallor, and blood tests confirm acute heavy metal poisoning with cerebral oedema on the CT scan. Along with maintenance ofairway, breathing, and circulation, what is the immediate management?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Calcium gluconate", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "DMSA", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "D-penicillamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dimercaprol", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Dimercaprol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:647px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management of Lead Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b37b211cbc169277718725f07b5473\">encephalopathy</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BAL or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"33991687cf16927771860916b1f69e\">Dimercaprol</span> (administered immediately) </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>CaNa2EDTA (calcium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c4be0f188216927771868a0e7cbe2b\">disodium</span> edetate) (contraindicated in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure)</strong></li>\n<li>For Cerebral edema:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Mannitol</li>\n<li>Furosemide</li>\n<li>Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Continue until the patient is asymptomatic, then start oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11199cbd1816927771841f1eb35b86\">chelation</span> (D-penicillamine or DMSA).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> without <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b37b211cbc169277718725f07b5473\">encephalopathy</span> </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Blood Lead level &gt;70 mcg/100 ml) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>BAL</li>\n<li>EDTA</li>\n<li>When BL &lt;40 mcg/100 ml\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Discontinue BAL</li>\n<li>Continue EDTA</li>\n<li>Change to oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11199cbd1816927771841f1eb35b86\">chelation</span> (D-penicillamine or DMSA).</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Moderate poisoning</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Blood Lead level: 45-70 mcg/100 ml)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>EDTA</li>\n<li>When BL &lt;40 mcg/100ml: Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11199cbd1816927771841f1eb35b86\">chelation</span> (D-penicillamine or DMSA)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mild <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Blood Lead level: 20-35 mcg/100 ml)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>D-penicillamine <strong>(Option C)</strong> or</li>\n<li>DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supportive measures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Thiamine</li>\n<li>Calcium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff3235f97616927771884121a800e7\">gluconate</span> <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Magnesium sulphate</li>\n<li>DMSA (succimer)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FyiHbu5HC5aNig5DpkPy1740734553.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 5-year-old child presents with developmental delay, irritability, and abdominal pain. Laboratory investigations for lead poisoning are ordered. Which of the following is the definitive indicator of lead poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Microcytic-hypochromic anaemia with basophilic stippling", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Increased levels of urinary coproporphyrin (&amp;gt;150 mcg/litre)", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Blood lead level &amp;gt;40 micrograms/100 ml", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Elevated Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (FEP) levels", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Blood lead level &gt;40 micrograms/100 ml", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZB5n73UmuIUocmxUxchU1735887337.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qXODoagLv4DzCYV6m0fw1735887395.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jZaOfATrPOhALRSXhjoG1735887455.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:638px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood analysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CBC and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"255674f3271692777195c172d86daf\">Peripheral</span> Blood Smear</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Microcytic-hypochromic anemia</li>\n<li>Anisocytosis</li>\n<li>Poikilocytosis and Polycythemia</li>\n<li>Basophilic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37d5ea489a1692777199ec08c05fe6\">stippling</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b4d07260091692777183a21af5df2c\">Cabot rings</span> in RBCs</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Prof. Erhabor Osaro\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic_stippling#/media/File:Basophilic_stippling_2.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"209\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZB5n73UmuIUocmxUxchU1735887337.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"J3D3\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CabotMejo.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"356\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/qXODoagLv4DzCYV6m0fw1735887395.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood lead levels (BL)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>&gt;5 microgram/ 100 ml (lead exposure)</li>\n<li>&gt;40 micrograms (appearance of signs and symptoms)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>ZnP (Zinc Protoporphyrin) levels</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>35-50 microgram/ 100 ml.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>FEP (Free <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"64e0895e441692777187dad4949f29\">Erythrocyte</span> Protoporphyrin)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Elevated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:635px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine analysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>ALA (Amino Levulinic Acid) levels</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt;5 micrograms/L</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urinary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0a74553845169277718571f94964fb\">coproporphyrin</span> level</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt;150 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"321808298216927771927f9e8e7f8f\">mcg</span> /litre</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine lead level</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>0.25 milligram/ litre.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Calcium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c4be0f188216927771868a0e7cbe2b\">disodium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> mobilisation test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>This test is primarily conducted in children to determine whether they will respond to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11199cbd1816927771841f1eb35b86\">chelation</span> therapy with a significant lead diuresis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FfjgGlS2bgJGe8K87rhn1740734691.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 5-year-old girl is brought to the paediatrician due to irritability, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, and difficulty concentrating. She exhibits signs of anaemia and pallor, as depicted in the image below. Blood tests confirm heavy metal poisoning. Which clinical manifestations are not typically associated with this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Burtonian lines", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Basophilic stippling", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Phossy jaw", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Calcium deposition in bone ends", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Phossy jaw", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ir0xMDgjRXCA4L3sX6ls1735886681.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/qGiqcxA6ddBLlUU77bAs1735886749.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PQw9wPNt1aIDF8onjWH61735886804.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IPHNJD78HAkLoTKDhoFt1735886865.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bb9tmEYCMHMDic9PfycK1735886929.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/c9qDKMPMnPeH7AKvDSv11735887000.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RrdtyqOfY2bma1CctIeY1735887080.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/n4VTYEEsvsjw5RE7euCz1735887138.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/vvW855iQfvsQLmrQYczT1735887176.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:628px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> (also known as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f45094e6b1692777195ef3b4e8c8e\">Plumbism</span> or Saturnism)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical manifestations </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Facial pallor</strong></p>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Gzzz\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erythema_infectiosum.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"488\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/qGiqcxA6ddBLlUU77bAs1735886749.png\" width=\"400\"/><br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is caused by <strong>vasospasm </strong>and specifically occurs <strong>circumorally</strong>, which is the <strong>earliest and most specific feature.</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Anemia</strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"J3D3\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CabotMejo.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"356\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/PQw9wPNt1aIDF8onjWH61735886804.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type:</strong><strong> Microcytic-hypochromic</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Enzymes inhibited: </strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ferrochelatase</strong></li>\n<li><strong>ALA-dehydratase</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Coproporphyrinogen oxidase</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Blood picture:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cabot rings in RBCs</strong></li>\n<li>Microcytic-hypochromic</li>\n<li>Sideroblasts (nucleated red cells)</li>\n<li>Anisocytosis</li>\n<li>Poikilocytosis</li>\n<li>Polycythemia</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Basophilic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37d5ea489a1692777199ec08c05fe6\">stippling</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77074d46b51692777196747de93965\">Punctate</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e2d6b9c32d16927771827c402706c3\">basophilia</span> (Option B)</strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"By Prof. Erhabor Osaro\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic_stippling#/media/File:Basophilic_stippling_2.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"359\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/IPHNJD78HAkLoTKDhoFt1735886865.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple blue-coloured pinhead dots in RBCs due to the toxic action of lead on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a759c9f1016927771964b8325ac2f\">porphyrin</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b1a045f5f169277719210c0ac7a1e\">metabolism</span> <strong>(inhibition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> 5- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb474d9869169277719611d301e616\">Pyrimidine</span> nucleotidase) </strong>(PNN).</li>\n<li>Accumulation of ribosomes in RBC</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead line or Burtonian lines (Option A)</strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Masbough, Farnoosh &amp; Shadnia, Shahin &amp; Rahimi, Mitra &amp; Roshanzamiri, Soheil &amp; Evini, Peyman &amp; Mostafazadeh, Babak.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Burtonian-line-in-gingival-tooth-border_fig1_372108989\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"510\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bb9tmEYCMHMDic9PfycK1735886929.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The <strong>stippled blue line </strong>observed on the gums, resulting from a <strong>subepithelial deposit of granules </strong>that develops within one week, is seen in 50-70% of cases and is more common in individuals with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e0ddc7b5f1692777183d57869aa5a\">carious</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> (bacteria <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> lead sulfide).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead osteopathy/Lead line (Bone-line) (Option D)</strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"By Dr Abhijit Datir\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning#/media/File:Lead_PoisoningRadio.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"732\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/c9qDKMPMnPeH7AKvDSv11735887000.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>In children, <strong>calcium deposition</strong> occurs at the <strong>growth plates of bones</strong> (specifically the lower end of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"512283ec9816927772024c89478b7d\">femur</span> and the upper end of the tibia), which appears as a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"76584c702f1692777197ee90a74461\">radiopaque</span> band and occurs over 4 weeks due to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc8c28347a16927771945680bd00be\">osteoclastic</span> activity.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Colic and constipation</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Painter's Colic or Devonshire colic)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Late presentation occurs in 85% of cases, typically at night, and is characterised by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c76bdef91c16927771983b9c48eb89\">spasmodic</span> pain relieved by pressure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3e67cebd51692777194f5257898e4\">palsy</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Predominantly motor features include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dry belly ache</li>\n<li>Wrist drop <strong>(Radial nerve)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Arica Polat, Busra &amp; Isik, Kubra &amp; Mengi, Tuğçe &amp; Tan, Ersin &amp; Odabasi, Zeki.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 3.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bilateral-wrist-drop-loss-of-muscular-strength-in-extensors-of-bilateral-wrist-and_fig1_358620297\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"523\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/RrdtyqOfY2bma1CctIeY1735887080.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Foot drop <strong>(Common <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e6451edc31692777195c54367b1ad\">peroneal</span> nerve)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/n4VTYEEsvsjw5RE7euCz1735887138.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Encephalopathy </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>This condition is seen in nearly all cases, is associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e2ea78189716927772003259fe6707\">tetraethyl lead</span> exposure, primarily affects children, results in permanent brain damage in 85% of cases, and accounts for 25% of fatalities.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Reproductive system</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Amenorrhea</li>\n<li>Dysmenorrhea</li>\n<li>Abortion</li>\n<li>Sterility derangements (both sexes)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiovascular system and Kidneys</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hypertension (vascular constriction)</li>\n<li>Permanent arteriolar degeneration</li>\n<li>Nephritis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gout</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Saturnine gout</strong> (due to decreased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f7653c9ef1692777187deaa35f749\">excretion</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ffa20262931692777201caef35de16\">uric</span> acid)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Others </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>These include generalised weakness, anorexia, dyspepsia, emaciation, exhaustion, irritability, foul breath, headache, vertigo, alopecia, and dizziness.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/H1UlLrSZfIksGVXTIiKM1746935734.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic for irritability, poor appetite, and stomach pain. The family recently moved into an old house that is under renovation. Examination reveals pallor and a blue line on the gums. Blood smear findings are noted. What is the most likely finding on the blood smear in this child with suspected lead poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Target cell", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Basophilic stippling", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Spherocytes", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rouleaux formation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Basophilic stippling", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/gnZm2uaLw6eAA2xyfYPT1735886023.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jIQj9RiTc3XeTLZKLVAd1735886092.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/px6Eawt7L62WDaJAAuFB1735886197.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/99y8KRlbqlPIYcCfRKbf1735886265.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hematological Manifestation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Microcytic-Hypochromic Anemia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, pale RBCs (microcytes)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3fda45538a1692777199ec2a5478a5\">synthesis</span> occurs through the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2f7bf58a321692777190e32a914615\">inactivation</span> of enzymes such as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eaa99cd1ab16927771803509d276b7\">ALA</span> dehydratase, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eaa99cd1ab16927771803509d276b7\">ALA</span> synthetase, decarboxylase, and ferrochelatase, due to lead interference.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Basophilic Stippling</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blue granules in RBCs on smear</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Accumulation of ribosomes due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cc65bdc03f169277719726a675e8a7\">RNA</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d395f610461692777185cbe8b8806d\">degradation</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> (due to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cb474d9869169277719611d301e616\">pyrimidine</span> 5-nucleotidase).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Anisocytosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Variation in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8790b4667016927771979066e8958c\">RBC</span> sizes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ineffective erythropoiesis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poikilocytosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Variation in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8790b4667016927771979066e8958c\">RBC</span> shapes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Disruption of normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"76948f718016927771924774ade7e9\">maturation</span> processes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Elevated Free <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"64e0895e441692777187dad4949f29\">Erythrocyte</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"510ec2d8ea1692777196c492eae686\">Protoporphyrin</span> (FEP)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"510ec2d8ea1692777196c492eae686\">protoporphyrin</span> levels</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Impaired conversion of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"510ec2d8ea1692777196c492eae686\">protoporphyrin</span> to heme</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39ecb6e07416927772029550b7e74a\">Zinc</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"510ec2d8ea1692777196c492eae686\">Protoporphyrin</span> (ZnP)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Elevated levels in blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Accumulation due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5744dac7511692777186db6f8e0c28\">disruption</span> of normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> production</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conditions associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0bc69d6cf8169277718209818c7522\">Basophilic</span> stippling:</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conditions associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d09dc1da551692777192706b7f882e\">Microcytic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"07ccd8f461169277718970a6f1a131\">hypochromic</span> anaemia:</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lead poisoning</strong></li>\n<li>Thalassemia (Beta- thalassemia)</li>\n<li><strong>Sideroblastic anemia</strong></li>\n<li>Arsenic poisoning</li>\n<li>Alcoholism</li>\n<li>Pyrimidine 5′-Nucleotidase deficiency</li>\n<li><strong>Megaloblastic anemia</strong></li>\n<li>Severe infections (e.g., malaria)</li>\n<li>Myelodysplastic syndromes</li>\n<li>Chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d21dd5d3116927771907405b181bc\">inflammatory</span> conditions</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Iron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"209b85faf71692777185767d43e3bd\">deficiency</span> anaemia</li>\n<li><strong>Lead poisoning</strong></li>\n<li>Thalassemia</li>\n<li>Anaemia of chronic disease (inflammatory)</li>\n<li>Sideroblastic anemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/F44oe4fEN20jnblCjZmF1740722914.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 6 year old girl was brought to the clinic by her parents, who reported symptoms including irritability, stomach pain, difficulty concentrating, decreased appetite, and fatigue. The examination showed signs of anaemia and facial circumoral pallor, leading the doctor to suspect heavy metal poisoning. What is the most common route of exposure to this poison in children?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Inhalation of lead-contaminated air", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ingestion of lead-contaminated water", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ingestion of lead dust or paint chips", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Absorption through skin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Ingestion of lead dust or paint chips", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8EjAfBFXosojlxKqtQYe1735885674.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xHcfsyvai82lqALwZ2tR1735885760.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Route </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Example</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Inhalational </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Plumbing factories</strong> <strong>(most common)</strong></li>\n<li>Pipe factories</li>\n<li>Paint factories</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oral (ingestion)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Paint (most common route in children) <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Water (contaminated) <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Through skin </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Absorption through the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"038a2a2fd4169277719894dc7db4bb\">scalp</span> (sindoor)</li>\n<li>In chemical factory workers.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Compounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Uses </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47765053a81692777180738f50cd4e\">acetate</span> (sugar of lead) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Therapeutics: used as an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d03a8f0a9316927771829ce12a41ee\">astringent</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c5b45e3b916927772000167f2669a\">topical</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd4bbf3a1a16927771988e61c3d5e9\">sedative</span> for sprains previously. (most common)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead Sulfide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Collyrium (Surma) (least common)</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ivar Leidus \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galena#/media/File:Galena_-_Huallanca,_Bologesi,_Ancash,_Peru.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"428\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/8EjAfBFXosojlxKqtQYe1735885674.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead tetroxide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vermillion (sindoor) </strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"five seventh\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 2.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lead_tetroxide.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"352\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/xHcfsyvai82lqALwZ2tR1735885760.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tetraethyl lead</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Antiknock agent</strong> (mixed with petrol to prevent detonation in internal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"260cad33301692777184652a5acd7d\">combustion</span> engines)</li>\n<li>Causes encephalopathy</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fdae4d6e3a1692777183b5745d0c02\">carbonate</span> (white lead)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Paints</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e08c004e8f1692777194c9d37e17ad\">oxide</span> (litharge)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Glazing of pottery and enamelware</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/DCbhdValHmqtvqpV2cTc1746935646.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old male presents to the emergency department after ingesting the seeds given in the image. He has severe abdominal pain, bloody vomiting, dizziness, and a rapid, weak pulse. What is the mechanism of action of the toxic compound present in the seeds?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Inhibits calcium ion channels, causing cell death.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Blocks RNA polymerase, preventing protein synthesis", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Binds to ribosomal RNA, inhibiting protein synthesis.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to energy failure.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Blocks RNA polymerase, preventing protein synthesis", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/xy3Byf6lzkPm7jO42Ev71735875458.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8UJgBo5e7hVVGY3DORfa1735875525.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/n7HFgVqUqEuoIsqeCg7v1740734968.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old construction worker presented with severe health issues over several weeks, including abdominal pain, persistent nausea, throat pain, fatigue, and intermittent diarrhoea. During hospitalisation, he developed confusion, slurred speech, and distinctive skin changes (shown in the image below) indicative of heavy metal poisoning. Which of the following clinical features is commonly associated with this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "No options available", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "Unknown", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/fHflTmAmap1amwThZlT41735877590.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/BchMh551a2DskNcySCr31734101858.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/I6dWOZoPTdsV31srhapW1735877925.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ik5KSyMafthaA2hEMed11735878020.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ui3jqNnVwpVLS2PoC2Ym1736066245.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/OE8UWiTIvTR6ZWOk4VZt1735878141.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/reuWC9w3AiWeZB7ryPLL1735878315.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7Je9dL8Br983mjCa7dnG1735878386.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SLa3xsHR8X2SoYo8fi7U1735878446.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:673px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acute Arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">Poisoning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic Arsenic Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dermal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hair loss</li>\n<li><strong>Mees lines (Aldrich-Mees line or Reynold’s line):</strong><strong> </strong>Transverse bands of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a8eadab50316927771948be0cc91ca\">opacity</span> in nails. <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/BchMh551a2DskNcySCr31734101858.png\" width=\"234\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Melanosis (neck, eyelids, nipples)</li>\n<li>Bowen’s disease</li>\n<li>Facial oedema</li>\n<li>Hyperkeratosis</li>\n<li><strong>Black foot disease</strong> (Peripheral gangrene)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Raessler, Michael.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Nodes-on-hands-and-soles-of-the-foot-caused-by-arsenic-poisoning-keratosis_fig2_323641748\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"524\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/I6dWOZoPTdsV31srhapW1735877925.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hyperpigmentation (raindrop pattern)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Anita Ghosh/REACH\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 2.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arsenic_Poisoning.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"266\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ik5KSyMafthaA2hEMed11735878020.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skin cancer (commonly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5be0ee4ea316927771997104326685\">squamous</span> cell carcinoma).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ocular </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Conjunctivitis</li>\n<li>Lacrimation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dimension of Vision</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastrointestinal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal pain</li>\n<li>Metallic taste</li>\n<li>Garlicky odour</li>\n<li>Dysphagia</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhoea (bloody or rice water)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anorexia</li>\n<li>Nausea</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhea</li>\n<li>Weight loss</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Airway </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">airway</span> irritation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nasal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d783117d991692777198108af42c05\">septum</span> perforation</li>\n<li>Laryngitis</li>\n<li>Bronchitis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fatty degeneration</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hepatomegaly</li>\n<li>Jaundice</li>\n<li>Cirrhosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kidney </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Oliguria</li>\n<li>Uraemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nephritic changes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hyperpyrexia</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Coma</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encephalopathy</li>\n<li><strong>Polyneuritis (glove &amp; stocking type)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ui3jqNnVwpVLS2PoC2Ym1736066245.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n<p> </p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tremor</li>\n<li>Ataxia</li>\n<li>Limb tenderness</li>\n<li>Difficulty in walking</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Haematological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">–</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anaemia</li>\n<li>Leucopenia</li>\n<li>Thrombocytopenia</li>\n<li>Basophilic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37d5ea489a1692777199ec08c05fe6\">stippling</span> (Rare in arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> and<strong> common in lead poisoning)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Prof. Erhabor Osaro\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic_stippling#/media/File:Basophilic_stippling_2.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"359\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/OE8UWiTIvTR6ZWOk4VZt1735878141.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Karyorrhexis</li>\n<li>Pancytopenia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tachycardia</li>\n<li>Hypotension</li>\n<li>Cardiac arrhythmias</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hypertension</li>\n<li>Myocarditis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zhI7riuRmv6mXO7IYknf1740722481.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old man was found dead in his home with no signs of forced entry. Family members reported he had been unwell for weeks, experiencing throat and abdominal pain, vomiting, and purging. Autopsy findings indicated emaciation, keratosis, and white streaks on his nails, suggesting heavy metal poisoning. Which of the following postmortem findings is not true in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rigor mortis sets in quickly", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Red velvety mucosa in the stomach", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Subendocardial hemorrhage", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Multiple haemorrhages in the stomach", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Rigor mortis sets in quickly", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/P39saLHIfpR6rECjKOdg1736066117.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FxEW2fMKVmWVEvb3Gcus1735877156.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/BZyGNQ8cu7C7Pue6Iubv1735877197.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:649px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>External findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Internal findings </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Emaciation</li>\n<li>Raindrop pigmentation</li>\n<li>Keratosis</li>\n<li>Alopecia</li>\n<li>White streaks on nails (Aldrich Mees’ lines)</li>\n</ul>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"476\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/P39saLHIfpR6rECjKOdg1736066117.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<ul>\n<li>Jaundice and muscle wasting,</li>\n<li>Nasal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d783117d991692777198108af42c05\">septum</span> ulceration.</li>\n<li>Sunken eyeballs</li>\n<li>Cyanosed and shrunken body.</li>\n<li><strong>Rigor mortis (sets in late and persists for a prolonged duration) </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reddening of stomach <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">mucosa</span> (red velvet or strawberry)</strong> due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3a647ce2516927771881427f56c1d\">gastrointestinal</span> congestion. <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/FxEW2fMKVmWVEvb3Gcus1735877156.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flea-bitten appearance of the stomach </strong>(due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da6db7b0e21692777203c4075458d3\">focal</span> haemorrhages). <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e747a47db616927771908bff4b8931\">inflammation</span> and presence of “rice water” contents in the intestines.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Subendocardial haemorrhages in the heart. </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"İnanır, Nursel &amp; Cetin, Selçuk &amp; Eren, Filiz &amp; Eren, Bülent.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY NC 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Subendocardial-hemorrhage-localized-on-septum_fig1_282686793\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"433\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/BZyGNQ8cu7C7Pue6Iubv1735877197.png\" width=\"500\"/> \n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Fatty <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"df4f1758e2169277718697ae66f3dd\">degeneration</span> of the heart, liver, and kidneys.</li>\n<li>Along with routine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"93943f6ee2169277720298325fd255\">viscera</span> and body fluids, the items preserved for chemical analysis are:</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A piece of long bone (preferably femur)</strong></li>\n<li>A bunch of pulled <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"038a2a2fd4169277719894dc7db4bb\">scalp</span> hair</li>\n<li>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3c25aa68616927772025ab4ff7a11\">wedge</span> of muscle</li>\n<li>A small portion of skin (from the back of the trunk)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/l3UgLsMMWChMAeHUp35x1746935345.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28 year old man is brought to the emergency department in an altered mental state after reportedly using a speedball for a more intense high. His friends mention he often combines a powerful stimulant with another drug to enhance his experience. What is the composition of a speedball that he is likely using?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Heroin + LSD", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cocaine + Morphine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cocaine + LSD", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Heroin + Cocaine", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Heroin + Cocaine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Composition </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heroin + Cocaine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Route </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Injected, <strong>Smoked (Moon Rock)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Produce a double effect of the initial high “kick” of cocaine, followed by the subsequent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"142636a04a1692777187e4448c4eb1\">euphoric</span> “rush” of heroin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The presence of <strong>needle marks</strong> along with the features of:</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Cocaine:</strong> Tachypnea, tachycardia, restlessness, anxiety, loss of appetite, insomnia, hypertension, tremors, fever, <strong>mydriasis</strong>, and hallucinations.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Heroin:</strong> It is an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> &amp; causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> respiration, hypotension, bradycardia, delirium, hallucinations, slurred speech, sedation, coma, ataxia, muscle weakness, hypothermia, <strong>miosis</strong>, and needle marks.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>50 mg</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal period </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ERBtEOjsnAedX1Fr4R3V1740315084.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30 year old male is brought to the emergency department after experiencing severe anxiety and chest pain following a night of partying. He reports using cocaine, and the medical team notes his elevated blood pressure and signs of agitation. Which of the following is the most likely complication of cocaine use?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Respiratory depression", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cardiac arrhythmia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Urinary retention", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Optic neuritis and atrophy", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Cardiac arrhythmia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/TTetrcALHJOQJB5N2h3K1735876949.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Cocaine </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Origin </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leaves of Erythroxylum coca</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author='\" Enn1.jpg: Dbotany derivative work: Ilmari Karonen\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca#/media/File:Erythroxylum_novogranatense_var._Novogranatense_(retouched).jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"365\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/TTetrcALHJOQJB5N2h3K1735876949.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Local names </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coke, snow, Cadillac, White lady</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical properties</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Colourless, odourless, crystalline, bitter taste</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is a potent central nervous system (CNS) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bec9bb02501692777199b0f75e340e\">stimulant</span> that produces initial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41b8036e5416927771870abd5bdbc2\">euphoria</span> and increased energy, followed by depression as its effects wear off.</li>\n<li>It enhances alertness and activity while stimulating the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bd1c98736616927771820954b0a744\">autonomic</span> nervous system, leading to increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Route of administration </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Snorting, Smoking, IV injection</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs of abuse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Septal perforation</li>\n<li>Crack hands (multiple blackened, hyperkeratotic lesions on the fingers and palms).</li>\n<li>Black <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> of tongue and teeth</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stages </strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Stage of excitement </strong></li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Feeling of well-being</li>\n<li>Loss of depression and fatigue</li>\n<li>Excited and restless</li>\n<li>Tingling sensation in hands and feet</li>\n<li><strong>Increased heart rate</strong></li>\n<li>Increase in temperature</li>\n<li>Rapid and deep respiration</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ol>\n<li><strong>Stage of depression</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Profuse perspiration</li>\n<li>Convulsion</li>\n<li>Reduced <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> rate</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complications </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Cardiac arrhythmia<strong> (Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Cardiac failure</li>\n<li>Cardiovascular collapse</li>\n<li>Cerebrovascular accident</li>\n<li>Aortic dissection</li>\n<li>Myocardial infarction</li>\n<li>Skin necrosis</li>\n<li>Intracerebral hemorrhage</li>\n<li>Formication (Cocaine Bugs)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management of fatal dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Maintain airway, breathing and circulation</li>\n<li>If ingested: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">Gastric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with <strong>potassium permanganate</strong></li>\n<li>If snorted: <strong>Wash the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31c5d0e75f16927771938d8e2daa4c\">nasal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> with water</strong></li>\n<li>If injected: <strong>Ligature</strong> over the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3509997646169277719014053aa74d\">injection</span> site</li>\n<li><strong>Amyl nitrite</strong><strong> </strong>via <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> route</li>\n<li><strong>Thiamine 100 mg IV injection</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Naloxone <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eef118d8f31692777189e54df45163\">hydrochloride</span> 2mg IV <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3509997646169277719014053aa74d\">injection</span> </strong></li>\n<li>Symptomatic management for convulsions using <strong>barbiturates</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/9VdUvOCEEXTvkFSu4P3P1740722080.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following drugs with their commonly known local names. Drugs Local names 1. Cocaine a. Smack 2. MDMA b. Weed 3. Heroin c. Molly 4. Cannabis d. White lady 5. LSD e. Acid", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-c, 2-e, 3-a, 4-d, 5-b", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b, 5-e", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-e, 5-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-d, 3-e, 4-a, 5-c", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b, 5-e", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Drugs </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Local names </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cocaine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coke, snow, Cadillac, <strong>white lady</strong>, crack (cocaine + <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"faac4cdf8a169277718285c0d0a0ed\">baking soda</span> + water)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>MDMA</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Molly</strong>, love drug, ecstasy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heroin </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smack</strong>, brown sugar, Black tar, speedball(mixed with cocaine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cannabis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pot, grass, dope, weed, hash, Mary Jane, M.J</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>LSD</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acid</strong>, Alice, Angel in the Sky, Lucy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ketamine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>K, Special K, Kit-Kat, K Hole</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methamphetamine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ice, Glass, Crystal meth, Meth, Speed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/iH7kIqCRU5fQRieqgpaQ1740314965.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 24-year-old male with no history of violent behavior suddenly becomes agitated and aggressive after consuming a high dose of cannabis. He attacks several people without warning and later has no recollection of the incident. This condition, triggered by excessive cannabis use, is known as?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Amotivational syndrome", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hashish psychosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Run amok", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Korsakoff psychosis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Run amok", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:644px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"61d304799e169277718381fcaeeb31\">cannabis</span> use</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acute</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Psychiatric symptoms</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Euphoria (increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d2a2319d681692777199792417b5e2\">subjective</span> experiences and disorientation)</li>\n<li>Disturbed thought pattern</li>\n<li>Altered concepts of time and space, lapse of attention</li>\n<li>Impaired <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31921793ed16927771890a5805e5e4\">immediate memory</span> function</li>\n<li>Well-being and self-confidence</li>\n<li>Rapid and impaired speech</li>\n<li>Increased awareness of stimuli</li>\n<li>Fear of dying</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Physical symptoms </strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4a253810c1692777181f708ba3dc6\">appetite</span> and thirst</li>\n<li>Nausea and dizziness</li>\n<li>Ataxia or tremors</li>\n<li>Conjunctival injection</li>\n<li>Somnolence</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hashish <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb2d1482916927771964c2890313e\">psychosis</span> </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Auditory and visual hallucination</li>\n<li>Delusion of persecution</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Run <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c73892d7821692777181a33f02b83b\">amok</span> </strong>begins with a period of depression, followed by violent outbursts aimed at harming others, and ends with either surrender or suicide.</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Amotivational syndrome </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loss of interest in day-to-day activity</li>\n<li>Lethargy</li>\n<li>Loss of age-appropriate behaviour</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Other effects: </strong>Decreased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e54a6646c1169277720031d162bd75\">testosterone</span> levels leading to gynecomastia, low <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8dc15ef09e1692777198320917e46b\">sperm</span> count</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Wp3aX1geWUQD9vGnpB9p1740721954.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following options correctly orders the potency of cannabis products from most potent to least potent?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Charas &amp;gt; Hashish oil &amp;gt;Bhang &amp;gt; Ganja", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hashish oil &amp;gt; Bhang &amp;gt; Charas &amp;gt; Ganja", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hashish oil &amp;gt; Charas &amp;gt; Ganja &amp;gt; Bhang", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Charas &amp;gt; Bhang &amp;gt; Ganja &amp;gt; Hashish oil", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hashish oil &gt; Charas &gt; Ganja &gt; Bhang", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/KNlSyjEngAEaXafvnQtS1735876640.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/4MlEceiAxF6PoOFrtwF71735876714.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LCLfw6yt1EjV47kSq0QB1735876780.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:563px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Form of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"61d304799e169277718381fcaeeb31\">cannabis</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Percentage of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0c79b150316927771802da44dad91\">active principle</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bhang</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ganja</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>15-25%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Charas</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>25-40%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hashish Oil</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt;50%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hOiytsHxEAnhtzA6q6rn1740314745.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency department with symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity after ingesting an herbal preparation containing Datura seeds. Upon examination, he shows signs of confusion and dilated pupils. Which of the following statements about the seed morphology of Datura and Capsicum is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Datura seeds are large and thick, while capsicum seeds are small and thin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Datura seeds are kidney-shaped, while capsicum seeds are rounded", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Datura seed has a smooth surface, while capsicum seeds have numerous depressions", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Datura seeds are dark yellowish-brown, while capsicum seeds are pale yellow", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Datura seed has a smooth surface, while capsicum seeds have numerous depressions", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/UXgw70kGZX4Ucq9BynRN1735876246.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VM3hiY9UJ8bTe184POM31735876307.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/J7PumfVW63i4n0lTSfTr1735876375.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura seeds </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Capsicum seeds </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Size </strong><strong> (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large and thick</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small and thin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Shape </strong><strong> (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Kidney shaped</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rounded</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dark or yellowish-brown</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pale - yellow</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Surface </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Numerous small depressions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smooth</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Margin </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Laterally compressed and double edge at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"00ab88c6091692777185ea2685fa40\">convex</span> border</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Convex border is simple and sharp</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Smell </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Odourless</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pungent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Taste </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bitter</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pungent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cut surface (longitudinal)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bf2366951692777187735fffe4b4\">embryo</span> is curved outward at the hilum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bf2366951692777187735fffe4b4\">embryo</span> is curved inward like the figure ‘6.’</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Active principle </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>hyoscine (scopolamine), <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90cf54ee9b1692777189953ce26333\">hyoscyamine</span> and traces of atropine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Capsaicin and capsicin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antimuscarinic effects</strong> on the CNS</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It acts as an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27d1e0446d16927771908376c1e30e\">irritant</span> poison, causing pain and irritation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/9IXHBbG7qzZudrdcgwyk1746934947.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 24-year-old male presents to the emergency room after ingesting kidney-shaped seeds while camping. Upon examination, he exhibits dry mouth, dilated pupils, blurred vision, flushed skin, tachycardia, hallucinations, agitation, and disorientation. What is the most appropriate antidote for this poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Naloxone", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Physostigmine", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pyridostigmine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Fomepizole", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Physostigmine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/3esd5K2S6ybcGt15pI3V1735876060.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:621px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxicity </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura/anticholinergics toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Physostigmine <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"63b92227451692777180db3901b72f\">acetylcholinesterase</span> enzyme</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> antagonist</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphates </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n<p>Pralidoxime</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscarinic antagonist</p>\n<p>Cholinesterase reactivation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acetaminophen </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl-cysteine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Replenishes Glutathione</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fomepizole <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Benzodiazepine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7261f495801692777187bd2837e9f9\">GABA</span> receptors</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Eli Lilly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> Kit (3-step approach)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Amyl nitrate: Oxidises haemoglobin to methemoglobin, which scavenges cyanide.</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Sodium nitrate: causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to detach from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> group of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> oxidase.</li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Amyl <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> is used as a temporary measure until IV Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> can be given.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Sodium thiosulphate:It activates an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> that converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to a less toxic agent, thiocyanate.</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pOY1W4xy0MgnkMFzRcjD1746934800.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old woman presents with blistering and severe itching on her arms after applying the juice from a black seed, as shown in the image. She also experiences nausea and abdominal pain. Which of the following statements is not true?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Often used in malingering for artificial bruises.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The toxic principle is Bhilawanol.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Commonly used for Arrow and Cattle poisoning.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Large oral doses can be potentially fatal", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Commonly used for Arrow and Cattle poisoning.", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/zJgmt3FNYOzfluT8NjTY1735875843.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/rBqmVFx0f1yaDLk38Z0Q1735875904.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/rROzHQzS0hS2PrkZfgVs1740314241.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25-year-old female presents to the ER after ingesting seeds from a plant, as shown in the image. She reports severe abdominal pain, nausea, and bloody diarrhoea. Upon examination, she exhibits weakness, tachycardia, and dilated pupils. What is the primary active principle responsible for the toxic effects seen in this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Abrin", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Calotropin", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Crotin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Ricin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Abrin", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Q7WQaWPpvqwklDXyvdEr1735875657.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/U6NLl7fqXwvbVxfMLPl51735875715.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SdKCi2szXch3JI60R3vq1740734834.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 35 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Match the following: i. Heroin 1. Ganja ii. MDMA 2. Acid iii. Joint 3. Brown sugar iv. LSD 4. Amphetamine", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "i -2, ii-1, ili-4, iv-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "i -3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "i -4, ii-2, iii-1, iv-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:643px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Drugs </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Local names </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cocaine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coke, snow, Cadillac, <strong>white lady</strong>, crack (cocaine + <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"faac4cdf8a169277718285c0d0a0ed\">baking soda</span> + water)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>MDMA</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Molly, love drug, ecstasy, <strong>Amphetamine</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heroin </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smack, <strong>brown sugar</strong>, Black tar, speedball(mixed with cocaine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cannabis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Marijuana, pot, grass, <strong>joint</strong>, <strong>ganja</strong>, dope, weed, hash, Mary Jane, M.J</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>LSD</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acid</strong>, Alice, Angel in the Sky, Lucy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ketamine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>K, Special K, Kit-Kat, K Hole</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methamphetamine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ice, Glass, Crystal meth, Meth, Speed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Hooch tragedy is related to:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Phosphorus", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mercury", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ethanol", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Methanol", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Methanol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A male patient presented with a history of consuming an unknown substance. He exhibited increased sweating, lacrimation, diarrhea, and bradycardia. What is management?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Atropine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Calcium gluconate", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pralidoxime", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Obidoxime", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Atropine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/8omfaR0dGNqCAcgTIaOx1745385507.png"], "explanation": "<p><strong>Educational Objective:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>➤ Learning Objective:</li><li>➤ Antidotes and their mechanisms</li><li>➤ Antidotes and their mechanisms</li><li>➤ Poisoning Type Antidote Mechanism Arsenic BAL (Dimercaprol) IM, chelates arsenic for excretion. Succimer (DMSA) Oral chelation. DMPS IV, transitioned to oral chelation. Copper Potassium Ferrocyanide Forms insoluble copper complexes, reducing absorption. Penicillamine Chelates copper. Cyanide Sodium Nitrite Forms methemoglobin to bind cyanide. Sodium Thiosulfate Converts cyanide to thiocyanate for renal excretion. Hydroxocobalamin Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin. Dicobalt Edetate, Methylene Blue Alternative antidotes. Ethylene Glycol Ethanol/Fomepizole Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent toxic metabolites. Iron Desferrioxamine Chelates iron for excretion. Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate Note: BAL should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning due to formation of toxic complexes. Precipitate iron, reducing absorption. Lead Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate Forms insoluble lead sulfate. Calcium Chloride/Gluconate Promotes bone deposition of lead. CaNa2EDTA + BAL Chelation therapy for lead elimination. Mercury Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate Reduces toxic mercury ions. BAL (Dimercaprol) Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred. Methanol Ethanol/Fomepizole Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites. Opium Naloxone Blocks opioid receptors, reversing opioid effects. Organophosphate Atropine Blocks muscarinic receptors to manage cholinergic symptoms. Pralidoxime (2-PAM) Reactivates acetylcholinesterase. Phenol Magnesium Sulfate Absorbs phenol in the stomach. Phosphorus Potassium Permanganate Oxidizes phosphorus into harmless phosphates. Strychnine Barbiturates Depress CNS, preventing seizures. Thallium Prussian Blue Binds thallium in the intestine, preventing absorption.</li><li>➤ Poisoning Type Antidote Mechanism</li><li>➤ Arsenic BAL (Dimercaprol) IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</li><li>➤ BAL (Dimercaprol)</li><li>➤ BAL (Dimercaprol)</li><li>➤ IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</li><li>➤ IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</li><li>➤ Succimer (DMSA) Oral chelation.</li><li>➤ DMPS IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</li><li>➤ IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</li><li>➤ IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</li><li>➤ Copper Potassium Ferrocyanide Forms insoluble copper complexes, reducing absorption.</li><li>➤ Potassium Ferrocyanide</li><li>➤ Potassium Ferrocyanide</li><li>➤ Forms insoluble copper complexes, reducing absorption.</li><li>➤ Forms insoluble copper complexes, reducing absorption.</li><li>➤ Penicillamine Chelates copper.</li><li>➤ Chelates copper.</li><li>➤ Chelates copper.</li><li>➤ Cyanide Sodium Nitrite Forms methemoglobin to bind cyanide.</li><li>➤ Forms methemoglobin to bind cyanide.</li><li>➤ Forms methemoglobin to bind cyanide.</li><li>➤ Sodium Thiosulfate Converts cyanide to thiocyanate for renal excretion.</li><li>➤ Sodium Thiosulfate</li><li>➤ Sodium Thiosulfate</li><li>➤ Converts cyanide to thiocyanate for renal excretion.</li><li>➤ Converts cyanide to thiocyanate for renal excretion.</li><li>➤ Hydroxocobalamin Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</li><li>➤ Hydroxocobalamin</li><li>➤ Hydroxocobalamin</li><li>➤ Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</li><li>➤ Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</li><li>➤ Dicobalt Edetate, Methylene Blue Alternative antidotes.</li><li>➤ Dicobalt Edetate, Methylene Blue</li><li>➤ Dicobalt Edetate, Methylene Blue</li><li>➤ Alternative antidotes.</li><li>➤ Alternative antidotes.</li><li>➤ Ethylene Glycol Ethanol/Fomepizole Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent toxic metabolites.</li><li>➤ Ethanol/Fomepizole</li><li>➤ Ethanol/Fomepizole</li><li>➤ Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent toxic metabolites.</li><li>➤ Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent toxic metabolites.</li><li>➤ Iron Desferrioxamine Chelates iron for excretion.</li><li>➤ Chelates iron for excretion.</li><li>➤ Chelates iron for excretion.</li><li>➤ Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate Note: BAL should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning due to formation of toxic complexes. Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</li><li>➤ Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate Note: BAL should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning due to formation of toxic complexes.</li><li>➤ Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate</li><li>➤ Note: BAL should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning due to formation of toxic complexes.</li><li>➤ Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</li><li>➤ Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</li><li>➤ Lead Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate Forms insoluble lead sulfate.</li><li>➤ Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</li><li>➤ Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</li><li>➤ Forms insoluble lead sulfate.</li><li>➤ Forms insoluble lead sulfate.</li><li>➤ Calcium Chloride/Gluconate Promotes bone deposition of lead.</li><li>➤ Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</li><li>➤ Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</li><li>➤ Promotes bone deposition of lead.</li><li>➤ Promotes bone deposition of lead.</li><li>➤ CaNa2EDTA + BAL Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</li><li>➤ Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</li><li>➤ Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</li><li>➤ Mercury Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate Reduces toxic mercury ions.</li><li>➤ Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate</li><li>➤ Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate</li><li>➤ Reduces toxic mercury ions.</li><li>➤ Reduces toxic mercury ions.</li><li>➤ BAL (Dimercaprol) Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</li><li>➤ BAL (Dimercaprol)</li><li>➤ BAL (Dimercaprol)</li><li>➤ Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</li><li>➤ Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</li><li>➤ Methanol Ethanol/Fomepizole Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</li><li>➤ Ethanol/Fomepizole</li><li>➤ Ethanol/Fomepizole</li><li>➤ Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</li><li>➤ Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</li><li>➤ Opium Naloxone Blocks opioid receptors, reversing opioid effects.</li><li>➤ Blocks opioid receptors, reversing opioid effects.</li><li>➤ Blocks opioid receptors, reversing opioid effects.</li><li>➤ Organophosphate Atropine Blocks muscarinic receptors to manage cholinergic symptoms.</li><li>➤ Blocks muscarinic receptors to manage cholinergic symptoms.</li><li>➤ Blocks muscarinic receptors to manage cholinergic symptoms.</li><li>➤ Pralidoxime (2-PAM) Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</li><li>➤ Pralidoxime (2-PAM)</li><li>➤ Pralidoxime (2-PAM)</li><li>➤ Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</li><li>➤ Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</li><li>➤ Phenol Magnesium Sulfate Absorbs phenol in the stomach.</li><li>➤ Magnesium Sulfate</li><li>➤ Magnesium Sulfate</li><li>➤ Absorbs phenol in the stomach.</li><li>➤ Absorbs phenol in the stomach.</li><li>➤ Phosphorus Potassium Permanganate Oxidizes phosphorus into harmless phosphates.</li><li>➤ Potassium Permanganate</li><li>➤ Potassium Permanganate</li><li>➤ Oxidizes phosphorus into harmless phosphates.</li><li>➤ Oxidizes phosphorus into harmless phosphates.</li><li>➤ Strychnine Barbiturates Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</li><li>➤ Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</li><li>➤ Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</li><li>➤ Thallium Prussian Blue Binds thallium in the intestine, preventing absorption.</li><li>➤ Binds thallium in the intestine, preventing absorption.</li><li>➤ Binds thallium in the intestine, preventing absorption.</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Muscarinic: </strong>Lethargy, Salivation, Diarrhea, Lacrimation, Urination, Miosis, Muscle weakness, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7f955e4b0169277718686e55870bc\">Emesis</span> (Mnemonic: DUMBBELLS)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Nicotinic: </strong>Muscle weakness, Fasciculation, Areflexia, Muscle paralysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>CNS: </strong>Headache, Tremor, Confusion, Slurred speech, Coma, Convulsion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Laboratory Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>RBC/True Cholinesterase</strong> (specific)</li>\n<li><strong>Plasma/Pseudocholinesterase</strong> (Most common)\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Falls rapidly with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e1f460230169277719463930573a7\">organophosphorus</span> poisoning</li>\n<li>Inexpensive, sensitive)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atropine test</strong>: If 2 mg of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">Atropine</span> relieves symptoms, it confirms OP poisoning</li>\n<li><strong>P-nitro <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> test</strong> for confirmation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Resuscitative measures (Airway-Breathing-Circulation)</li>\n<li>Decontamination</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with 1:5000 KMnO4</li>\n<li>Activated charcoal</li>\n<li><strong>Atropine sulfate</strong> (2-4 mg IV every 10-15 minutes until atropinization)</li>\n<li><strong>Signs of atropinization:</strong> Heart rate&gt;80 beats/min, pupils no longer pinpoint, clear chest on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2f0dbabe516927771821b0ec5ba85\">auscultation</span> with no wheeze, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf69f5256416927771991c21f264ae\">systolic</span> BP&gt;80mmHg, Dry axillae</li>\n<li>Oximes (Pralidoxime) to decrease <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1a4a12fb416927771841c46faf6fb\">CNS</span> symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>removes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"189b6fc834169277719580eb39bb4c\">phosphate</span> group</li>\n<li>reduces <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> requirement</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Respiratory Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">Paralysis</span> (RMP)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoning Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Succimer (DMSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>DMPS</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Copper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Ferrocyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> complexes, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Penicillamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates copper.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Nitrite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b68d201f1169277719205f9339df9\">methemoglobin</span> to bind cyanide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Thiosulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aa5b842b01692777200b64c672a29\">thiocyanate</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydroxocobalamin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dicobalt Edetate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alternative antidotes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ethylene Glycol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4c1279cdf1169277718118b18c10ab\">alcohol dehydrogenase</span> to prevent toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desferrioxamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates iron for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Note:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eff14f005f16927771826bf88cb6c5\">BAL</span> should not be used in iron, cadmium, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e379f984b316927771986bb72f5402\">selenium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> due to formation of toxic complexes.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> lead sulfate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Promotes bone deposition of lead.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>CaNa2EDTA + BAL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">Formaldehyde</span> Sulfoxylate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reduces toxic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> ions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> receptors, reversing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors to manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8656dac49a16927771846b41f8cf19\">cholinergic</span> symptoms.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pralidoxime (2-PAM)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absorbs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> in the stomach.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Permanganate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxidizes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfea0730ac16927771959eb551740f\">phosphorus</span> into harmless phosphates.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Barbiturates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thallium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prussian Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"482583c9b71692777200e3f13d54bb\">thallium</span> in the intestine, preventing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following are seen in patients with chronic arsenic poisoning? 1. Raindrop pigmentation 2. Peripheral neuritis 3. Mees line 4. Luminous vomit", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, 3 are correct", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "2, 3 are correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, 4 are correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Only 1 is correct", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 1, 2, 3 are correct", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acute Arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">Poisoning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic Arsenic Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dermal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hair loss</li>\n<li><strong>Mees lines (Aldrich-Mees line or Reynold’s line):</strong><strong> </strong>Transverse bands of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a8eadab50316927771948be0cc91ca\">opacity</span> in nails.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Melanosis (neck, eyelids, nipples)</li>\n<li>Bowen’s disease</li>\n<li>Facial oedema</li>\n<li>Hyperkeratosis</li>\n<li><strong>Black foot disease</strong> (Peripheral gangrene)</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Hyperpigmentation (raindrop pattern)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Skin cancer (commonly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5be0ee4ea316927771997104326685\">squamous</span> cell carcinoma).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ocular </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Conjunctivitis</li>\n<li>Lacrimation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dimension of Vision</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastrointestinal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal pain</li>\n<li>Metallic taste</li>\n<li>Garlicky odour</li>\n<li>Dysphagia</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhoea (bloody or rice water)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anorexia</li>\n<li>Nausea</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhea</li>\n<li>Weight loss</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Airway </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">airway</span> irritation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nasal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d783117d991692777198108af42c05\">septum</span> perforation</li>\n<li>Laryngitis</li>\n<li>Bronchitis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatty degeneration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hepatomegaly</li>\n<li>Jaundice</li>\n<li>Cirrhosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kidney </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Oliguria</li>\n<li>Uraemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Nephritic changes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hyperpyrexia</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Coma</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encephalopathy</li>\n<li><strong>Polyneuritis (glove &amp; stocking type)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tremor</li>\n<li>Ataxia</li>\n<li>Limb tenderness</li>\n<li>Difficulty in walking</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Haematological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>–</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anaemia</li>\n<li>Leucopenia</li>\n<li>Thrombocytopenia</li>\n<li>Basophilic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37d5ea489a1692777199ec08c05fe6\">stippling</span> (Rare in arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> and<strong> common in lead poisoning)</strong></li>\n<li> </li>\n<li>Karyorrhexis</li>\n<li>Pancytopenia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tachycardia</li>\n<li>Hypotension</li>\n<li>Cardiac arrhythmias</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hypertension</li>\n<li>Myocarditis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the given plant based on its features", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Datura Alba", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Argemone Mexicana", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Nerium Odorum", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Papaver Somniferum", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Argemone Mexicana", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/zsuREMKS0xKJmEwVQCpv1746702687.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/B89EJBYK9VTFn3OlbJST1746702805.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/uwaAzdUHXliiJHpojURH1745298298.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/kQjCPPK6fJBvHlM7S8Ca1745298472.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:736px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Argemone Mexicana (Prickly Poppy)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxic Parts</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Entire plant;</strong> seeds resemble <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7c693446bc169277719398146d3217\">mustard</span> seeds but are darker with minute projections.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxic Oil</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Argemone oil (katkar oil) causes <strong>epidemic dropsy.</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Active Principles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Plant Alkaloids: Berberine, Protopine.</p>\n<p>Oil Alkaloids: Sanguinarine, Dihydrosanguinarine. (Cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"458e050fdc16927771809854c9fd53\">abnormal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72c06d2cc71692777183b1cbaf5bae\">blood vessel</span> permeability.)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>General Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gradual onset with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4a253810c1692777181f708ba3dc6\">appetite</span> loss, diarrhea, leg edema, and generalized anasarca.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>System-Specific Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heart</strong>:<strong> Myocardial damage, heart dilatation.</strong></p>\n<p><strong>CVS: Hypotension, breathlessness, feeble pulse.</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Hepatic</strong>: <strong>Enlarged</strong>, <strong>tender </strong>liver.</p>\n<p><strong>PNS</strong>: Tingling, hyperesthesia, calf muscle tenderness, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> or absent jerks.</p>\n<p><strong>Ocular</strong>: <strong>Dim vision</strong> due to increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba26fe8171692777190a867ec47c7\">intraocular</span> pressure.</p>\n<p><strong>Skin</strong>: <strong>Bluish mottling</strong> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"255674f3271692777195c172d86daf\">peripheral</span> vessel dilation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Outcome</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Severe heart damage.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Balanced diet, decontamination, cessation of oil consumption, diuretics, corticosteroids, and supportive care.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Aspects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Argemone oil is commonly used to adulterate <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7c693446bc169277719398146d3217\">mustard</span> or other edible oils.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the treatment of choice for acute arsenic poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ipecac", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Penicillamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Activated charcoal", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dimercaprol", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Dimercaprol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/XYdWeeZZvWVahhIj8gUU1745299386.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/kmQGK6CSiBiA0ASolQVv1745299571.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/0NW9lUqdhh6YFV4q8HYA1745299795.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/ACBLHcO5sWb4VNOFTvfu1745300099.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/qUrwDKzRbTSAImhUNzPZ1745300193.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:690px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supportive treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gastric lavage, airway, breathing, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"337d16dac5169277718474b97f6e4a\">circulation</span> management (intravenous fluids, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> monitoring, etc.).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medical treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Freshly prepared <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"341e757ca9169277718922ba058b1d\">hydrated</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a046503cb169277720259dec3f2be\">ferric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e08c004e8f1692777194c9d37e17ad\">oxide</span> (chemical antidote)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chelating agents</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BAL (Dimercaprol)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>DMSA (Dimercapto succinic acid) or DMPS (Dimercapto <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b86061803c169277719669202a9beb\">propane</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4a46e999216927771999c7c57e747\">sulfonic</span> acid) </strong></li>\n<li>Penicillamine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other measures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Purgatives like Castor oil or Magnesium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"535af9a2181692777199309af44d24\">sulfate</span> (remove unabsorbed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> from the intestine).</li>\n<li>Glucose-saline with sodium bicarbonate.</li>\n<li>Hemodialysis or exchange transfusion.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:673px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acute Arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">Poisoning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic Arsenic Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dermal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hair loss</li>\n<li><strong>Mees lines (Aldrich-Mees line or Reynold’s line):</strong><strong> </strong>Transverse bands of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a8eadab50316927771948be0cc91ca\">opacity</span> in nails.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"FM132\" data-author=\"Yannick Trottier \" data-hash=\"10848\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mees%27_lines#/media/File:Mees'_lines.jpg\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/XYdWeeZZvWVahhIj8gUU1745299386.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Melanosis (neck, eyelids, nipples)</li>\n<li>Bowen’s disease</li>\n<li>Facial oedema</li>\n<li>Hyperkeratosis</li>\n<li><strong>Black foot disease</strong> (Peripheral gangrene)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"FM140\" data-author=\"Raessler, Michael.\" data-hash=\"10852\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Nodes-on-hands-and-soles-of-the-foot-caused-by-arsenic-poisoning-keratosis_fig2_323641748\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/kmQGK6CSiBiA0ASolQVv1745299571.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hyperpigmentation (raindrop pattern)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"CM309\" data-author=\"Anita Ghosh/REACH \" data-hash=\"10854\" data-license=\"CC BY 2.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning#/media/File:Arsenic_Poisoning.jpg\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/0NW9lUqdhh6YFV4q8HYA1745299795.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Skin cancer (commonly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5be0ee4ea316927771997104326685\">squamous</span> cell carcinoma).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ocular </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Conjunctivitis</li>\n<li>Lacrimation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dimension of Vision</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastrointestinal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal pain</li>\n<li>Metallic taste</li>\n<li>Garlicky odour</li>\n<li>Dysphagia</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhoea (bloody or rice water)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anorexia</li>\n<li>Nausea</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhea</li>\n<li>Weight loss</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Airway </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">airway</span> irritation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nasal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d783117d991692777198108af42c05\">septum</span> perforation</li>\n<li>Laryngitis</li>\n<li>Bronchitis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatty degeneration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hepatomegaly</li>\n<li>Jaundice</li>\n<li>Cirrhosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kidney </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Oliguria</li>\n<li>Uraemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Nephritic changes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hyperpyrexia</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Coma</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encephalopathy</li>\n<li><strong>Polyneuritis (glove &amp; stocking type)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<img alt=\"FM141 \" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"10855\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/ACBLHcO5sWb4VNOFTvfu1745300099.png\"/>\n<ul>\n<li>Tremor</li>\n<li>Ataxia</li>\n<li>Limb tenderness</li>\n<li>Difficulty in walking</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Haematological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>–</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anaemia</li>\n<li>Leucopenia</li>\n<li>Thrombocytopenia</li>\n<li>Basophilic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37d5ea489a1692777199ec08c05fe6\">stippling</span> (Rare in arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> and<strong> common in lead poisoning)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"FM145\" data-author=\"Prof. Erhabor Osaro\" data-hash=\"10856\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic_stippling#/media/File:Basophilic_stippling_2.jpg\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/qUrwDKzRbTSAImhUNzPZ1745300193.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Karyorrhexis</li>\n<li>Pancytopenia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tachycardia</li>\n<li>Hypotension</li>\n<li>Cardiac arrhythmias</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hypertension</li>\n<li>Myocarditis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of these is not a cardiac poison?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Aconite", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cerbera thevetia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Nicotiana tabacum", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Atropa belladonna", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Atropa belladonna", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Gastric lavage, commonly known as stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is a procedure performed to remove the contents of the stomach. It has been widely used since the early 19th century as a standard method to eliminate toxins from the stomach. This procedure is typically employed for individuals who have consumed poison or overdosed on substances like ethanol. Additionally, it may be performed prior to surgery to empty the digestive tract. In which of the following situations is gastric lavage not recommended?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Organo-Phosphosphate poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hydrocarbons", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ethanol poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "PCM toxicity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hydrocarbons", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/RlpvYRx6p54vAKItkExi1747898015.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Patient Positioning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Trendelenburg: Head down to prevent aspiration</p>\n<p>Left <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> decubitus: Reduces chance of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> entering the duodenum</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tube Placement Confirmation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inject air and listen for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> bubbling sounds</p>\n<p>Watch for coughing or bubbles (indicates misplacement in trachea)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid Administration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fluid is administered and aspirated using a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29863704261692777199d30fdfa6fa\">syringe</span> attached to the tube</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid Selection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tap water for most cases</p>\n<p>Normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> for infants</p>\n<p>Specific solutions (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> permanganate) may be used for certain poisons</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Residual Fluid</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leave a small amount of fluid to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c60f7b6b81692777193976e7f1d8e\">neutralize</span> remaining poison</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Complication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspiration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs in ~10% of cases. Risk of lung injury</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Esophageal/Gastric Perforation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can be life-threatening</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tube Misplacement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Misplaced into trachea, causing complications</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bleeding</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can occur with improper technique or pathology</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Alternative</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Emetics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Induce <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> in conscious patients</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dilution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large water <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6cdcd39cf2169277719068e247e38d\">intake</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e63a499e5716927771860681cef17d\">dilute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16a98a214c16927771852d7f6c344e\">corrosive</span> substances</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Endoscopic/Surgical Removal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Used for toxic foreign bodies or drug packets</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In case of corrosive acid ingestion, stomach is opened along the?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lesser curvature", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Greater curvature", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Vertical", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pylorus", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Greater curvature", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer B - Greater curvatu\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Organ</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dissection Method</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Key Features </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brain </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cerebrum</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is separated from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a9c41a58d816927771847775d63d96\">cerebellum</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4004f1f7241692777183d200f866da\">brainstem</span> with a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f4a4d02ec169277718995b05c1d26\">horizontal</span> cut.</li>\n<li>Sliced coronally at 1 cm intervals.</li>\n<li>Fixed brains sliced through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"06d33302e016927771911f7ef71255\">mammillary</span> bodies, then coronally.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Asymmetry, brain shift, old infarcts, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da6db7b0e21692777203c4075458d3\">focal</span> lesions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> dilation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cab8787ce916927771852a7e72f34d\">cortex</span> shrinkage, fat emboli, petechial hemorrhage, and edema.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cerebellum</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Horizontally dissected in a ‘fan’ shape.</li>\n<li>Middle slice through the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e0c09f9e461692777185212f4de159\">dentate</span> nucleus.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Structural abnormalities such as hemorrhages and lesions.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brainstem</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sliced perpendicular to its <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c28fd47f71692777182efbbaa5f6d\">axis</span> at 5 mm intervals.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hemorrhages, softening, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"38c41e122116927771859b63deb0ed\">cystic</span> degeneration, and tumors.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heart </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Inflow-outflow</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the right atrium, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3ab13cdf64169277720085e2ebef1c\">tricuspid</span> valve, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5ebe3b1fbd1692777196b3ced12100\">pulmonic</span> valve.</li>\n<li>Open left atrium, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d93de7238d16927771922b27cb6086\">mitral</span> valve, and aortic valve.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Best for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"686725cf89169277719994d7d523d1\">systematic</span> chamber and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"416dd1004a169277720177d9a6adc5\">valve</span> evaluation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ventricular Slicing</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>First, slice 3 cm from the apex.</li>\n<li>Parallel slices 1 cm apart.</li>\n<li>Rest opened along with blood flow.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Useful for suspected ischemic myocardial disease, shows <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77aed446d2169277719007f42bf052\">infarction</span> distribution.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sandwich Technique</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The knife slices the left <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> muscle.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c64e23ddb8169277719344010b3fc0\">myocardium</span> opened like a book.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Exposes infarcts or fibrotic plaques in the myocardium.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Spinal Cord </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Posterior Approach</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Long midline incision, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7eae099d8d1692777202469603e6ed\">flap</span> skin and muscle outward.</li>\n<li>Posterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a89dd67841692777182ee412af263\">arch</span> cut with a saw.</li>\n<li>Remove <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> processes and laminae.</li>\n<li>Open <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"826ce1571f1692777186a0b6e02559\">dura</span> and cut nerves for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord removal.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Lesions along the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord and surrounding tissues.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intestine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The entire length is dissected.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Injuries, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> reactions, foreign bodies (bullets), <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b118cf61a016927772018a179057ef\">ulcerative</span> colitis-like lesions (mercuric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> poisoning).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Remove and weigh.</li>\n<li>Multiple <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6260fa86416927772008d36bd7e5f\">transverse</span> sections 1–2 cm apart.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hepatomegaly (inflammation, neoplasia) or shrunken liver (cirrhosis). <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1f51bf91811692777188d929c8e851\">Gallbladder</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54e0888a6616927771945a99208287\">pathology</span> (stones, inflammation).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Inhaling the cloth soaked in drug is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bagging", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Spraying", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Huffing", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sniffing", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Huffing", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - Huffing\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 72-year-old farmer was presented in the hospital with pinpoint pupil &amp;amp; increased secretions. The diagnosis is", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Alcohol poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Opioid poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Organophosphorus poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Datura poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Organophosphorus poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/2Seiz0MxilDLlKwZAkm61746093763.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e1f460230169277719463930573a7\"&gt;Organophosphorus&lt;/span&gt; poisoning</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p><strong>Muscarinic: </strong>Lethargy, Salivation, Diarrhea, Lacrimation, Urination, Miosis, Muscle weakness, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Emesis (Mnemonic: DUMBBELLS)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Nicotinic: </strong>Muscle weakness, Fasciculation, Areflexia, Muscle paralysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>CNS: </strong>Headache, Tremor, Confusion, Slurred speech, Coma, Convulsion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Laboratory Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>RBC/True Cholinesterase</strong> (specific)</li>\n<li><strong>Plasma/Pseudocholinesterase</strong> (Most common)\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Falls rapidly with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e1f460230169277719463930573a7\">organophosphorus</span> poisoning</li>\n<li>Inexpensive, sensitive)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atropine test</strong>: If 2 mg of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">Atropine</span> relieves symptoms, it confirms OP poisoning</li>\n<li><strong>P-nitro <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> test</strong> for confirmation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Resuscitative measures (Airway-Breathing-Circulation)</li>\n<li>Decontamination</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with 1:5000 KMnO4</li>\n<li>Activated charcoal</li>\n<li><strong>Atropine sulfate</strong> (2-4 mg IV every 10-15 minutes until atropinization)</li>\n<li><strong>Signs of atropinization:</strong> Heart rate&gt;80 beats/min, pupils no longer pinpoint, clear chest on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2f0dbabe516927771821b0ec5ba85\">auscultation</span> with no wheeze, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf69f5256416927771991c21f264ae\">systolic</span> BP&gt;80mmHg, Dry axillae</li>\n<li>Oximes (Pralidoxime) to decrease <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> and CNS symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>removes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"189b6fc834169277719580eb39bb4c\">phosphate</span> group</li>\n<li>reduces <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> requirement</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Respiratory Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">Paralysis</span> (RMP)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient with Pink color skin &amp;amp; mucosa, a bitter almond smell from breath, and frothy discharge. The cause of death is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "H2S poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "CO poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "HCN poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "OPC poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. HCN poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - HCN poisoning</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cyanide poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Physical Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gaseous state- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">Hydrogen</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> (HCN)</li>\n<li>Liquid form- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ed92a2be6e1692777189f821a720bd\">Hydrocyanic acid</span> or Prussic acid</li>\n<li>Solid state- salt forms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sources of poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electroplating</strong>, <strong>photographic</strong> processes, rubber, and plastic manufacturing industries</li>\n<li>Insecticide and rodenticide</li>\n<li>Drug toxicity: Sodium nitroprusside</li>\n<li>Military chemical warfare agents</li>\n<li><strong>Burning of plastic furniture, silk, or wool</strong></li>\n<li>Cigarette smoking</li>\n<li><strong>Bitter almonds, peach, apricot, plum, apple, pear, cassava</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mode of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Rapid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> across both skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membrane</li>\n<li>Cyanide salts combine with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6cd3307e0169277718936624365e5\">hydrochloric acid</span> in the stomach to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> HCN that is absorbed</li>\n<li><strong>Inhibition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a14dfa14e1692777194882f818d87\">oxidase</span> </strong>causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c1068c4ed16927771892ed05b11d6\">histotoxic</span> anoxia</li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxicity</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Inhalation: Dizziness, vertigo, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4880e9b3761692777185e64eba797c\">constriction</span> of the throat</li>\n<li>Ingestion: Nausea, headache, loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> power, hypotension, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e2b5f013011692777183ea1b11ed9c\">cardiovascular</span> failure, and convulsion</li>\n<li><strong>Skin: Brick-red color of skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membranes</strong></li>\n<li>Anion gap <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6caf3a39f416927771807e122b9032\">acidosis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b82539c9ae1692777191a3f7ddd7bb\">lactic</span> acidosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Lee-Jones test</li>\n<li>Serum <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> level</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6caf3a39f416927771807e122b9032\">acidosis</span> (pH &lt; 7.1): Administer sodium bicarbonate</li>\n<li>Antidotal therapy<strong> (Eli Lilly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> kit approach)</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>First step: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">Inhalation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5406cdc5f9169277718107b60b7619\">Amyl</span> nitrite</li>\n<li>Second step: Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8866b36aa016927771938ffb10b429\">nitrite</span> (3% solution) IV</li>\n<li>Third step: Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7e95d7fc4169277720098ae4b326f\">thiosulfate</span> (25% solution) IV</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Other Antidotes\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>4-dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP)</li>\n<li>Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12): Combines with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> cyanocobalamin, which is excreted in the urine</li>\n<li>Hyperbaric oxygen</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Note: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> blue is NOT an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> and must NOT be used</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bitter almond’s odour </strong></li>\n<li><strong>Brick-red color of skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membranes </strong></li>\n<li><strong>Cyanosis of extremities </strong></li>\n<li>Hemorrhagic gastritis</li>\n<li>Disseminated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> in brain, meninges, pleura, lungs, and pericardium</li>\n<li>Pulmonary and cerebral edema</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which poisoning is caused by a bullet retained inside the body?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Iron", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Phosphorus", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Nitrocellulose", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lead", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Lead", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer D - L\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is the incorrect statement regarding the image shown below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Only the roots of this plant are poisonous", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Causes AV block", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Atropine is not specific for aconite poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Grow in sub Himalayan range", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Only the roots of this plant are poisonous", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/nuHzdCiXS2lGHHFwoxC11747045235.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/nuHzdCiXS2lGHHFwoxC11747045235.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/nCbRmvM0eUL4gevyXRw91747045300.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:637px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Species </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Aconitum napellus, Aconitum ferox</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Synonyms </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Monk’s hood</strong>, mitha zaher, bish, wolf’s bane, women’s bane, devil’s helmet, or blue rocket</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>All parts of the plant are poisonous <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Root and root tubers are the most potent (often mistaken for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb9802dc0d16927771896b5ccdea41\">horseradish</span> root)</li>\n<li>Grown in Mountainous areas of the northern hemisphere. Eg. Sub Himalayan range <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Active Principles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Aconitine, pseudo-aconitine, indaconitine, picraconitine, aconine.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Affects voltage-sensitive sodium channels, stimulates then paralyzes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"408bcde7f01692777198acadb8e1c6\">sensory</span> nerves, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e7aec9ff416927771984a1e3100b7\">secretory</span> nerves, CNS, and myocardium.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms (by system)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>GIT: Nausea, vomiting, salivation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> pain, diarrhea, burning/tingling of mouth, tongue, throat, followed by numbness.</li>\n<li>CVS: <strong>Hypotension, AV block, bradycardia</strong>, chest pain, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc8cac43cc16927772015049bb5ab8\">ventricular</span> tachycardia/fibrillation, slow/feeble pulse. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>CNS: Vertigo, restlessness, headache, giddiness.</li>\n<li>MS: Muscle weakness, twitching, spasms.</li>\n<li>RS: Slow, labored, shallow breathing.</li>\n<li>Ocular:<strong> Alternating <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e419fd4e241692777196d038d1b71a\">pupil</span> dilation/contraction (hippus)</strong>, diplopia, impaired vision.</li>\n<li>Others: Subnormal temperature, cold skin, yellow-green vision, tinnitus, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9fdd7489051692777202cffe3f24cc\">facial</span> muscles.</li>\n<li>Death: Respiratory failure or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc8cac43cc16927772015049bb5ab8\">ventricular</span> fibrillation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal Dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Root: 1-2 g</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>No specific antidote.</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with tannic acid/activated charcoal.</li>\n<li>Inotropic therapy for hypotension, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> for bradycardia. <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Ventricular <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5280ec6ae91692777182aa6322ae68\">arrhythmia</span> treated with amiodarone, flecainide; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f0e2f0fe91692777183bfa6c6a156\">cardiopulmonary</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4fc6b3ee501692777183061d4f55ff\">bypass</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3790c638ab16927771970a0a41d3ab\">refractory</span> cases.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-legal Aspects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ideal homicidal poison: cheap, easily available, small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4f6bb2e54b1692777191056bf2218b\">lethal</span> dose, short fatal period, difficult to detect postmortem.</li>\n<li>Accidental poisoning: mistaken for horseradish</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient came to the hospital with muscle weakness, diarrhea, and bradycardia. He was diagnosed with organophosphate poisoning for which atropine was administered. After atropine administration, which of the following changes are not seen?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bradycardia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Muscle weakness", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Diaphoresis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Nasal discharge", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Muscle weakness", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/iMu7d6R9pWHJD80lFcYo1741020944.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:628px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Muscarinic: </strong>Lethargy, Salivation, Diarrhea, Lacrimation, Urination, Miosis, Muscle weakness, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Emesis (Mnemonic: DUMBBELLS)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Nicotinic: </strong>Muscle weakness, Fasciculation, Areflexia, Muscle paralysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>CNS: </strong>Headache, Tremor, Confusion, Slurred speech, Coma, Convulsion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Laboratory Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>RBC/True Cholinesterase</strong> (specific)</li>\n<li><strong>Plasma/Pseudocholinesterase</strong> (Most common)\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Falls rapidly with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e1f460230169277719463930573a7\">organophosphorus</span> poisoning</li>\n<li>Inexpensive, sensitive)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atropine test</strong>: If 2 mg of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">Atropine</span> relieves symptoms, it confirms OP poisoning</li>\n<li><strong>P-nitro <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> test</strong> for confirmation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Resuscitative measures (Airway-Breathing-Circulation)</li>\n<li>Decontamination</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with 1:5000 KMnO4</li>\n<li>Activated charcoal</li>\n<li><strong>Atropine sulfate</strong> (2-4 mg IV every 10-15 minutes until atropinization)</li>\n<li><strong>Signs of atropinization:</strong> Heart rate&gt;80 beats/min, pupils no longer pinpoint, clear chest on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2f0dbabe516927771821b0ec5ba85\">auscultation</span> with no wheeze, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf69f5256416927771991c21f264ae\">systolic</span> BP&gt;80mmHg, Dry axillae</li>\n<li>Oximes (Pralidoxime) to decrease <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> and CNS symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>removes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"189b6fc834169277719580eb39bb4c\">phosphate</span> group</li>\n<li>reduces <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> requirement</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Respiratory Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">Paralysis</span> (RMP)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Option</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Explanation</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Seen after atropine?</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Bradycardia</strong></td>\n<td>Reversed by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> (muscarinic blockade)</td>\n<td>Not seen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Muscle weakness</td>\n<td>Nicotinic effect; not reversed by atropine</td>\n<td>Seen</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diaphoresis</td>\n<td>Muscarinic effect; reversed by atropine</td>\n<td>Seen before, improves</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nasal discharge</td>\n<td>Muscarinic effect; reversed by atropine</td>\n<td>Seen before, improves</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the cause of death in smoke inhalation ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Histotoxic hypoxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ischemic hypoxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Anemic hypoxia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "All of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Anemic hypoxia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A little boy was playing in a garden. Suddenly, he collapsed and was rushed to the hospital. His friend who played with him in the garden informed the doctors that he ate one of the fruits in the garden post which he seemed to have developed these symptoms. He also had irritability, restlessness, dry hot skin, and was unable to pass urine and stools. Identify the poison and its appropriate antidote.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Datura, Pralidoxime", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Datura, Physostigmine", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Yellow oleander, Digoxin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Yellow oleander, Physostigmine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Datura, Physostigmine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Iq0FZpdZHQL0GszST2yv1745477985.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Datura, Physostigmine</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Toxicity </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Antidote </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Mechanism of action </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura/anticholinergics toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Physostigmine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"63b92227451692777180db3901b72f\">acetylcholinesterase</span> enzyme</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> antagonist</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphates </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n<p>Pralidoxime</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscarinic antagonist</p>\n<p>Cholinesterase reactivation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acetaminophen </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl-cysteine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Replenishes Glutathione</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Benzodiazepine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits GABA receptors</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Eli Lilly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> Kit (3-step approach)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Amyl nitrate: Oxidises haemoglobin to methemoglobin, which scavenges cyanide.</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Sodium nitrate: causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to detach from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> group of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> oxidase.</li>\n</ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Amyl <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> is used as a temporary measure until IV Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> can be given.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Sodium thiosulphate:It activates an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> that converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to a less toxic agent, thiocyanate.</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A young teenage boy with a history of drug abuse had been instilled with a shot of intravenous cocaine at a party. He is rushed to the emergency room by his friends. Some of the symptoms were diaphoresis, headache, and acute coronary spasm. Which of the following symptoms noted would go against the likely diagnosis of cocaine poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Myocardial ischemia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bradycardia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hyperthermia", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Agitation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Bradycardia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/HPHMN0KyS4o7VfA2NYvT1745479094.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Bradycardia</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Cocaine </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Origin </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leaves of Erythroxylum coca</p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\" Enn1.jpg: Dbotany derivative work: Ilmari Karonen\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca#/media/File:Erythroxylum_novogranatense_var._Novogranatense_(retouched).jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"220\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/HPHMN0KyS4o7VfA2NYvT1745479094.png\" width=\"300\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Local names </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coke, snow, Cadillac, White lady</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical properties</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Colourless, odourless, crystalline, bitter taste</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>It is a potent central nervous system (CNS) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bec9bb02501692777199b0f75e340e\">stimulant</span> that produces initial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41b8036e5416927771870abd5bdbc2\">euphoria</span> and increased energy, followed by depression as its effects wear off.</li>\n<li>It enhances alertness and activity while stimulating the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bd1c98736616927771820954b0a744\">autonomic</span> nervous system, leading to increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Route of administration </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Snorting, Smoking, IV injection</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs of abuse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Septal perforation</li>\n<li>Crack hands (multiple blackened, hyperkeratotic lesions on the fingers and palms).</li>\n<li>Black <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> of tongue and teeth</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stages </strong></p>\n<p><strong>1. Stage of excitement </strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Feeling of well-being</li>\n<li>Loss of depression and fatigue</li>\n<li>Excited and restless <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>Tingling sensation in hands and feet</li>\n<li><strong>Increased heart rate (Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Increase in temperature <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li>Rapid and deep respiration</li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>2. Stage of depression</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Profuse perspiration</li>\n<li>Convulsion</li>\n<li>Reduced <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> rate</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complications </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Cardiac arrhythmia<strong> </strong></li>\n<li>Cardiac failure</li>\n<li>Cardiovascular collapse</li>\n<li>Cerebrovascular accident</li>\n<li>Aortic dissection</li>\n<li>Myocardial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77aed446d2169277719007f42bf052\">infarction</span> <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Skin necrosis</li>\n<li>Intracerebral hemorrhage</li>\n<li>Formication (Cocaine Bugs)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management of fatal dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Maintain airway, breathing and circulation</li>\n<li>If ingested: Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with <strong>potassium permanganate</strong></li>\n<li>If snorted: <strong>Wash the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31c5d0e75f16927771938d8e2daa4c\">nasal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> with water</strong></li>\n<li>If injected: <strong>Ligature</strong> over the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3509997646169277719014053aa74d\">injection</span> site</li>\n<li><strong>Amyl <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8866b36aa016927771938ffb10b429\">nitrite</span> </strong>via <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> route</li>\n<li><strong>Thiamine 100 mg IV injection</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Naloxone <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eef118d8f31692777189e54df45163\">hydrochloride</span> 2mg IV <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3509997646169277719014053aa74d\">injection</span> </strong></li>\n<li>Symptomatic management for convulsions using <strong>barbiturates</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the active principle of the poison shown in the image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ricin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bhilawanol", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Abrin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Calotropin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Bhilawanol", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/cvPtPlJc7e5NHFb9Dyid1746453061.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/XVx9PUh4VrlRXjtT9SAP1746453076.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the seeds shown in the image below:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tropicana canna", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Nigella sativa", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Datura seeds", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Opium seeds", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Nigella sativa", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/CmeLBIjKpjoMGHWnGd991746605792.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/c96lxyGmclVN1xBBX1fW1746605915.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/q51ZY5EbPXCByLEjZua11745834679.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/endWlyyL9KkThio1Bfxg1746606066.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements is not true regarding the management of snakebite in India?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Atropine and neostigmine are very useful in the management of krait bite", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Neostigmine and ventilatory support are used in treatment along with ASV", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "ASV is the mainstay of treatment", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Current ASV in India is not effective against humped pit viper", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Atropine and neostigmine are very useful in the management of krait bite", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>First Aid:<strong> ‘ CARRY NO RIGHT ’</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CARRY</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Do not allow the victim to walk on their own, must be carried (in any form) to the hospital as soon as possible.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>NO</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>No Suction</li>\n<li>No Cautery</li>\n<li>No Ligature</li>\n<li>No Tourniquet</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>RIGHT</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R:</strong> <strong>Reassure</strong> the patient</li>\n<li><strong>I:</strong> <strong>Immobilize</strong> the limb: by application of crepe bandages (Sutherland wraps)</li>\n<li><strong>GH: Get to the Hospital </strong>immediately</li>\n<li><strong>T: Tell </strong>history/symptoms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pressure bandage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Used for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3024d9916e16927771896f5b7159b6\">immobilization</span> of the limb by application of crepe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4f62176420169277718214bfcafae5\">bandage</span> - known as <strong>Sutherland wraps</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Contraindicated</strong> in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> bites.</li>\n<li>Ideal pressure: <strong>50-70 mm Hg.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>ASV</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mainstay of treatment.</strong></li>\n<li>Used only when signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> are present</li>\n<li>Polyvalent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4665fdd0a0169277718100f58eb0d5\">anti</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"885d09d8641692777199c6924d8e72\">snake venom</span> (PAV) used in India can neutralize<strong> (i) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862ec4693f16927771844445d898b3\">Cobra</span> (ii) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ecf38ca6d1692777190e6cfbd5b94\">Krait</span> (iii) Russel <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> (iv) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"81873d792a1692777198d28b2c07bd\">Saw-scaled viper</span> bites.</strong></li>\n<li>Dose: 1-2 ml/kg (!0 vials)<strong> irrespective of sex/age.</strong></li>\n<li>Each vial: neutralizes 6-8 mg of snake venom</li>\n<li><strong>Test dose is not required/advised</strong> to be given before initiating ASV.</li>\n<li>Ideally to be<strong> given within 4 hours</strong> of snake bite.</li>\n<li>To be <strong>given until clinical improvement </strong>(in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862ec4693f16927771844445d898b3\">cobra</span> bites)/ <strong>Clotting time becomes normal </strong>(in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> bites).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Adjuvant treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Neostigmine</strong> 1.5mg: for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3192bc953d1692777193435f387a7c\">neuroparalytic</span> symptoms <strong>(cobra bite)</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Atropine</strong> 0.5mg: To antagonize <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> actions of Ach.</li>\n<li>Surgical debridement and FFP may be required in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">Viper</span> bites.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following poisons with their probable mechanism of action: A. Zinc chloride 1. Abortifacient B. Chloral hydrate 2. Irritant C. Quinine 3. Corrosive D. Potassium carbonate 4. Stupefying", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the drug that commonly leads to physical dependence?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ketamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Heroin", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "LSD", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Phencyclidine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Heroin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:615px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Drug Class</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioid (Narcotic)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Origin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Derived from morphine, which is extracted from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6bf1d11f281692777194e1d3517f12\">opium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29d080c8fb169277719630ecd0d756\">poppy</span> plant.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Powder (white or brown), black <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3dabcf4a5b16927772000a8ba686e1\">tar</span> (sticky resin)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Route of Administration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Injected, smoked, snorted, orally ingested</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Effects</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Euphoria</li>\n<li>Pain relief</li>\n<li>Relaxation</li>\n<li>Drowsiness</li>\n<li>Slowed breathing</li>\n<li>Sedation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Symptoms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Drowsiness</li>\n<li>Nausea</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Slow or shallow breathing</li>\n<li>Unconsciousness</li>\n<li>Overdose</li>\n<li>Constipation</li>\n<li>Dizziness</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Long-Term Risks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Addiction</li>\n<li>Liver and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4aa6035df41692777190b41d4a1583\">kidney</span> damage</li>\n<li>Collapsed veins (if injected)</li>\n<li>Lung complications</li>\n<li>Brain damage</li>\n<li>Overdose</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Withdrawal Symptoms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anxiety</li>\n<li>Sweating</li>\n<li>Muscle pain</li>\n<li>Nausea</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhea</li>\n<li>Insomnia</li>\n<li>Cravings</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Overdose Symptoms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Slow or difficult breathing</li>\n<li>Blue lips or nails</li>\n<li>Unconsciousness</li>\n<li>Pinpoint pupils</li>\n<li>Death</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treatment</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Methadone or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b15fb72c3c16927771837d01fe5d28\">buprenorphine</span> replacement therapy</li>\n<li>Counseling and rehabilitation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following poisons can be found even in skeletonized remains of the body?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Carbon monoxide", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hydrogen sulphide", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Phoshorus", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Arsenic", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/QojJ10Vm5w8sJLnz4iV21746515070.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/TSR9Q7qMqwYMXgbwvlgq1746515071.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5Bc1G5qqH9JuUDi4ZAX91746515071.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:649px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>External findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Internal findings </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Emaciation</li>\n<li>Raindrop pigmentation</li>\n<li>Keratosis</li>\n<li>Alopecia</li>\n<li>White streaks on nails (Aldrich Mees’ lines)</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Yannick Trottier \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mees%27_lines#/media/File:Mees'_lines.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"181\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/QojJ10Vm5w8sJLnz4iV21746515070.png\" width=\"188\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>Jaundice and muscle wasting,</li>\n<li>Nasal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d783117d991692777198108af42c05\">septum</span> ulceration.</li>\n<li>Sunken eyeballs</li>\n<li>Cyanosed and shrunken body.</li>\n<li><strong>Rigor mortis (sets in late and persists for a prolonged duration) </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reddening of stomach <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">mucosa</span> (red velvet or strawberry)</strong> due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3a647ce2516927771881427f56c1d\">gastrointestinal</span> congestion.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"184\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/TSR9Q7qMqwYMXgbwvlgq1746515071.png\" width=\"184\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flea-bitten appearance of the stomach </strong>(due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da6db7b0e21692777203c4075458d3\">focal</span> haemorrhages).</li>\n<li><strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e747a47db616927771908bff4b8931\">inflammation</span> and presence of “rice water” contents in the intestines.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Subendocardial haemorrhages in the heart.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"İnanır, Nursel &amp; Cetin, Selçuk &amp; Eren, Filiz &amp; Eren, Bülent.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY NC 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Subendocardial-hemorrhage-localized-on-septum_fig1_282686793\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"142\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/5Bc1G5qqH9JuUDi4ZAX91746515071.png\" width=\"164\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>Fatty <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"df4f1758e2169277718697ae66f3dd\">degeneration</span> of the heart, liver, and kidneys.</li>\n<li>Along with routine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"93943f6ee2169277720298325fd255\">viscera</span> and body fluids, the items preserved for chemical analysis are:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A piece of long bone (preferably femur)</strong></li>\n<li>A bunch of pulled <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"038a2a2fd4169277719894dc7db4bb\">scalp</span> hair</li>\n<li>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3c25aa68616927772025ab4ff7a11\">wedge</span> of muscle</li>\n<li>A small portion of skin (from the back of the trunk)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient was brought to the casualty with greenish color skin and a rotten egg odour. The most probable poisoning could be.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Carbon monoxide", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Nitrite", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cyanide", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hydrogen sulfide", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Hydrogen sulfide", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Cause of Opisthotonus is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cocaine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Codeine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Strychnine", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Curare", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Strychnine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/9BzD8dpWGNfzS0REeif11747122648.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the active toxin extracted from the poisonous plant in the image below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Calotropis gigantea", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Digitalis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ricin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-Hyoscyamine", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 1-Hyoscyamine", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/g7mjXsFJklTexFwvZeZM1747981862.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/StUuCXV4rxK6LbJrdXl11747981868.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7LuuYdjCFqafxV7eltFe1748246207.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dJZmizQwSDGC86wtJVqr1747122946.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cTnuuyGKtrOfo0vePJ7i1747122946.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In which poisoning is cherry red hypostasis seen on post-mortem examination?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "CO Poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hydrogen sulphide", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Yellow phosphorus", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hydrogen cyanide", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. CO Poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\"&gt;CO&lt;/span&gt; Poisoning\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following pairs of antidotes and toxicities is correctly matched?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Organophosphorus - Physostigmine B) Atropine - L-carnitine C) Benzodiazepine - Flumazenil D) Arsenic - Desferrioxamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Atropine - L-carnitine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Benzodiazepine - Flumazenil", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Arsenic - Desferrioxamine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Benzodiazepine - Flumazenil", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:644px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoning Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Succimer (DMSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>DMPS</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Copper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Ferrocyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> complexes, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Penicillamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates copper.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Nitrite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b68d201f1169277719205f9339df9\">methemoglobin</span> to bind cyanide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Thiosulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aa5b842b01692777200b64c672a29\">thiocyanate</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydroxocobalamin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dicobalt Edetate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alternative antidotes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ethylene Glycol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4c1279cdf1169277718118b18c10ab\">alcohol dehydrogenase</span> to prevent toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desferrioxamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates iron for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Note:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eff14f005f16927771826bf88cb6c5\">BAL</span> should not be used in iron, cadmium, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e379f984b316927771986bb72f5402\">selenium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> due to formation of toxic complexes.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> lead sulfate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Promotes bone deposition of lead.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>CaNa2EDTA + BAL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">Formaldehyde</span> Sulfoxylate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reduces toxic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> ions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> receptors, reversing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphate</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors to manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8656dac49a16927771846b41f8cf19\">cholinergic</span> symptoms.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pralidoxime (2-PAM) <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absorbs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> in the stomach.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Permanganate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxidizes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfea0730ac16927771959eb551740f\">phosphorus</span> into harmless phosphates.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Barbiturates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thallium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prussian Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"482583c9b71692777200e3f13d54bb\">thallium</span> in the intestine, preventing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Reference:</li><li>↳ Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Gautam Biswas, 3rd Edition, Page 487, 491, 496, 500, 508, 509, 515, 539, 555, 574, 584, 599, 612</li></u\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Police brought a person from the railway track with features of dry dilated pupil, dry skin , slurring of speech , altered sensorium. The poisoning is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Morphine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cannabis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Datura", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Alcohol", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Datura", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Datu\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Aldrich mees lines and raindrop pigmentation in hand is seen in which poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Thallium", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cadmium", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lead", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Arsenic", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - A\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Acute liver failure is a clinical feature of which of the following?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "OP poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Amanita Phalloides poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Belladonna poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Morphine poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Amanita Phalloides poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:652px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Early mushroom poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Late mushroom poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hallucinogenic mushroom poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Species</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inocybe</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Amanita phalloides</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Amanita muscaria</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscarine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Amatoxin <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscimol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cholinergic symptoms (DUMBBELLS)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hepatotoxicity</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hallucinations, seizures</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thioctic acid</p>\n<p>Silibinin</p>\n<p>(hepatoprotective)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Supportive treatment</p>\n<p>ATROPINE CONTRAINDICATED</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A chronic alcoholic came with complaints of agitation, global confusion, disorientation, hallucination, fever, hypertension, diaphoresis, and autonomic hyperactivity after cessation of alcohol for 48 hours. Which of the following is the diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Delirium tremens", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Wernicke Encephalopathy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Korsakoff Psychosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Magnan Phenomena", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Delirium tremens", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Delirium Tremens (DT)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE) <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Korsakoff's Syndrome (KS) <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cause</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acute alcohol withdrawal.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often due to chronic alcoholism.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often a result of chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f8b7fb6b0916927771811841fcd9fa\">alcoholism</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b70d1dbde516927772000d7774d2a5\">thiamine</span> deficiency.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>48-72 hours</strong> after the last drink.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acute onset, typically develops over 1-2 days</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic, long-term condition</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Symptoms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Severe agitation</li>\n<li>Tremors</li>\n<li>Hallucinations</li>\n<li>Confusion</li>\n<li>Seizures</li>\n<li>Autonomic instability.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>G - Global confusion</li>\n<li>O - Ophthalmoplegia</li>\n<li>A - Ataxia</li>\n<li>P - Polyneuropathy</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anterograde and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e38ca8e6931692777197ee6a68ac56\">retrograde</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8078d5919c1692777181166124343a\">amnesia</span> (Intact long term memory)</li>\n<li>Confabulation</li>\n<li>Memory impairment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cognitive Function</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Impaired consciousness, confusion, disorientation.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Disorientation, confusion, and memory problems.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Severe memory impairment, with intact long-term memory.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Motor Symptoms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tremors</p>\n<p>Hyperreflexia</p>\n<p>Muscle rigidity.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ataxia (lack of coordination), <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"458e050fdc16927771809854c9fd53\">abnormal</span> gait.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Motor function may remain mostly intact.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treatment</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Thiamine</li>\n<li>Benzodiazepines</li>\n<li>Fluids</li>\n<li>Electrolytes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Thiamine supplementation (IM/IV)</li>\n<li>Fluids</li>\n<li>Electrolyte correction.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Thiamine supplementation</li>\n<li>Psychological support</li>\n<li>Rehabilitation therapy.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient was admitted with complaints of tachycardia and arrhythmias. On examination, multiple scratch marks were observed on the body. The probable drug of abuse in this patient is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cocaine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Morphine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Datura", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Cannabis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Cocaine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is used for the treatment of Datura poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Physostigmine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Atropine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sodium nitrite", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Neostigmine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Physostigmine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/kk7mzlzVuBRBJQLd9EJg1747303524.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:621px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxicity </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura/anticholinergics toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Physostigmine <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"63b92227451692777180db3901b72f\">acetylcholinesterase</span> enzyme</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> antagonist</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphates </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n<p>Pralidoxime</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscarinic antagonist</p>\n<p>Cholinesterase reactivation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acetaminophen </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl-cysteine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Replenishes Glutathione</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Benzodiazepine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits GABA receptors</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Eli Lilly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> Kit (3-step approach)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1. Amyl nitrate: Oxidises haemoglobin to methemoglobin, which scavenges cyanide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2. Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> <strong>(Option C)</strong>: causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to detach from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> group of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> oxidase.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amyl <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> is used as a temporary measure until IV Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> can be given.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3. Sodium thiosulphate:It activates an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> that converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to a less toxic agent, thiocyanate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In cases of alcohol abuse, in what substance is the blood typically preserved during an autopsy?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sodium fluoride", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Formalin", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rectified spirit", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sodium chloride", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Sodium fluoride", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:615px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Specimen</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primary specimen; collect from femoral, iliac, or axillary veins to avoid contamination.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative: </strong>Lithium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"050e27829716927771885eddb2620c\">heparin</span> or EDTA tube, fluoride/oxalate, if alcohol is suspected</p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Useful for detecting parent compounds and metabolites of poisons.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative: </strong>No preservative, sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cdfdfcdc616927772026ac0b8d995\">fluoride</span> is added, if alcohol is</p>\n<p>Suspected <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastric Contents</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps identify ingested poisons and their concentrations through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58a09a3d07169277720271320338d4\">vomitus</span> and stomach contents analysis.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative:</strong> Saturated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77e95b17ce1692777198780a5d0843\">salt solution</span> if there is no chance of acid poison.<strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n<p>Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n<p>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Analyzes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b1a045f5f169277719210c0ac7a1e\">metabolism</span> and concentration of drugs; critical when blood/urine concentrations are low. Bile can detect specific substances like <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6cef1cc8616927771849eace61464\">chlorpromazine</span> and morphine.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative:</strong> Saturated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77e95b17ce1692777198780a5d0843\">salt solution</span> if there is no chance of acid poison. Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hair and Nails</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e8ada09fa1692777189bfbace851a\">heavy metal</span> poisoning; metals accumulate in keratin. Neutron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> analysis identifies specific metals and exposure patterns.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Scene Residues</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provides clues about the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> through materials found at the scene, such as tablets or empty containers.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following substances are antidotes for cyanide poisoning? Amyl nitrate Sodium nitrate Sodium thiosulphate Benzyl thiocyanate", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, and 3 only", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 2, 3, and 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, and 2 only", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1, 3, and 4 only", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 1, 2, and 3 only", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - 1, 2, and 3\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Paracetamol</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl cysteine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Methanol</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>CO poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxygen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Benzodiazepine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opiates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>OP compounds</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Vitamin B12, Amyl-nitrite, Sodium nitrite, Sodium thiosulphate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thallium</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prusian blue</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Methemoglobinemia</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Methylene blue</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient presents with paraesthesia, tetany, muscle twitching, and muscle cramps, along with urinary crystals as shown in the image. These symptoms are typical of poisoning with what substance?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cystine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Xanthine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ammonium urate", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Calcium oxalate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Calcium oxalate", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/cP71kO3dNA9TbcH2m8001717998263.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\"&gt;Calcium&lt;/span&g\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old female consumed a white-colored rodenticide powder and presents with a potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L. On examination, she has an irregular pulse and muscle paralysis. ECG shows multiple ventricular ectopics. What is the suspected poison?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Aluminum phosphide", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Zinc phosphide", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Warfarin toxicity", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Barium carbonate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Barium carbonate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55052c0f0616927771829c99eec183\"&gt;Barium&lt;/span&g\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A farmer presents with a painful snakebite wound on his right foot. There are two fang marks with swelling and bleeding at the bite site. What is the first step in management?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Polyvalent ASV", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sling or splint leading to immobilization", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Venom suction", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "See the snake brought by a relative", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Sling or splint leading to immobilization", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Indications/Notes</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>First Aid</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Do not allow the victim to walk (Carry)</li>\n<li>Avoid tourniquets, except in specific cases(No)</li>\n<li>Reassure patient</li>\n<li>Immobilize bitten limb <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Transport to the hospital quickly</li>\n<li>Tell the doctor about any <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> symptoms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tourniquets only for severe elapid/sea snake bites with &gt;0.5h but &lt;2-3h transport time</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Evaluation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Check for signs of envenomation</li>\n<li>Monitor vital signs</li>\n<li>Perform 20-minute <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60d609888b169277720258496ef45a\">whole blood</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">clotting</span> time</li>\n<li>Check <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42f1e4deb8169277718412c0681a54\">coagulation</span> profile, CPK, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> function</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Incoagulable blood indicates <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e641db3d416927771871043236d4b\">envenomation</span> by Viperidae</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antivenom Therapy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mild: </strong>50 ml</li>\n<li><strong>Moderate: </strong>50-100 ml</li>\n<li><strong>Severe:</strong> 150-200 ml</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Effective against the 4 most important <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6ab7a16d751692777201645703100e\">venomous</span> snakes in India, namely, Cobra, Common Krait, Russell's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efbb05601b1692777202641ca3e610\">viper</span> and saw-scaled viper.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Indications:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haemostatic abnormalities</li>\n<li>Neurotoxicity</li>\n<li>Cardiovascular dysfunction</li>\n<li>Impaired consciousness</li>\n<li>Rhabdomyolysis</li>\n<li>Extensive local swelling</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antivenom Administration </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dilute in 5 ml/kg body weight of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"28f696d61216927771904dbe51b33b\">isotonic</span> saline/5% Dextrose</li>\n<li>Infuse over 1-2 hours</li>\n<li>Monitor for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c7e1ce33316927771892ce1da8276\">hypersensitivity</span> reactions</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Repeat if severe signs persist after 1-2 hours or if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254d99e23d1692777184c9e13d0b18\">coagulability</span> is not restored within 6 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Supportive Care</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tetanus prophylaxis</li>\n<li>Antibiotics (if severe local reaction)</li>\n<li>Manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> paralysis</li>\n<li>Fresh frozen plasma/cryoprecipitates for severe bleeding</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Avoid heparin, corticosteroids, and EDTA.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Gastric lavage is contraindicated in which of the following poisonings?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Strychnine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Paraldehyde", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hydrocarbons", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Iron tablets", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hydrocarbons", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/VzTlorMGQ06ZTqpXpq021747374939.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Patient Positioning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Trendelenburg: Head down to prevent aspiration</p>\n<p>Left <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> decubitus: Reduces chance of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> entering the duodenum</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tube Placement Confirmation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inject air and listen for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> bubbling sounds</p>\n<p>Watch for coughing or bubbles (indicates misplacement in trachea)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid Administration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fluid is administered and aspirated using a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29863704261692777199d30fdfa6fa\">syringe</span> attached to the tube</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid Selection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tap water for most cases</p>\n<p>Normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> for infants</p>\n<p>Specific solutions (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> permanganate) may be used for certain poisons</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Residual Fluid</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leave a small amount of fluid to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c60f7b6b81692777193976e7f1d8e\">neutralize</span> remaining poison</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Complication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspiration </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs in ~10% of cases. Risk of lung injury</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Esophageal/Gastric Perforation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can be life-threatening</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tube Misplacement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Misplaced into trachea, causing complications</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bleeding</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can occur with improper technique or pathology</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Alternative</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Emetics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Induce <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> in conscious patients</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dilution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large water <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6cdcd39cf2169277719068e247e38d\">intake</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e63a499e5716927771860681cef17d\">dilute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16a98a214c16927771852d7f6c344e\">corrosive</span> substances</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Endoscopic/Surgical Removal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Used for toxic foreign bodies or drug packets</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Unknown substance consumption leading to tachycardia and red-colored halo is seen with?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cannabis", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Crack/ cocaine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "LSD", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Heroin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. LSD", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Among the listed options, which substance is not utilized as a chelating agent in cases of heavy metal poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Deferiprone", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "EDTA", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Penicillamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Oximes", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Oximes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxic agent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Specific antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acetaminophen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl cysteine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine, datura</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Physostigmine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Organophosphates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine and pralidoxime</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Benzodiazepines</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Carbon monoxide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hyperbaric oxygen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Amyl nitrite, Sodium nitrite, sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7e95d7fc4169277720098ae4b326f\">thiosulfate</span> (3-step <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> kit)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic, Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BAL (Dimercaprol) &gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> (Succimer)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lead</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>EDTA &gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> (Succimer)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Copper sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D-penicillamine &gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> &gt; EDTA</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Methanol, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e2fdef08316927771877389af9cc7\">ethylene</span> glycol</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol or fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioids</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Desferrioxamine</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chelating Agent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Indication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Administration Route</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dimercaprol (BAL) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arsenic and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intramuscular (IM)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Succimer (meso-DMSA)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> (especially in children)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Unithiol (DMPS)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mercury and lead toxicity</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">Intravenous</span> (IV)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>D-penicillamine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Copper and lead poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral (but with side effects)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CaNa₂EDTA </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lead poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Deferoxamine (DFO)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Iron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d02a99d051692777194aa3375023b\">overload</span> (e.g., in thalassemia)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV or IM</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prussian Blue</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thallium and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7746097771692777184cc0ab5acdf\">cesium</span> poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the poisons and their site of action. A. Datura 1. CVS B. Nicotine 2. CNS C. Nitric acid 3. SKIN D. Nux vomica (strychnine) 4. SPINAL CORD", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/IG93Y1zLBxcaeQkmHbCK1745998781.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/CguHVSGS0CAOHUa8JBaZ1745998781.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:677px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Actions</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Anticholinergic effects: </strong>CNS <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bec9bb02501692777199b0f75e340e\">stimulant</span> initially (causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9b4dbbb3321692777181e6fe172b88\">anticholinergic</span> effects such as delirium, hallucinations, and confusion), followed by CNS depression (respiratory center).</li>\n<li><strong>Vagolytic action:</strong> Heart stimulation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:630px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clinical Features</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Opisthotonus</strong>- arched body with only the back of head and heels touching the ground:</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Charles Bell\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthotonus\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"273\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/IG93Y1zLBxcaeQkmHbCK1745998781.png\" width=\"374\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>Emprosthotonus- forward curve</li>\n<li>Pleurothotonus- sideways curve</li>\n<li>Risus sardonicus- fixed grin:</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Moraru, Liviu &amp; Budianu, Mihaela-Alexandra &amp; Musteață, Isabela-Raluca &amp; Septimiu, Voidăzan. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/WD-characteristic-sign-of-risus-sardonicus-in-a-37-year-old-man_fig3_378982949\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"343\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/CguHVSGS0CAOHUa8JBaZ1745998781.png\" width=\"393\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not a symptom associated with chronic cocaine abuse?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Nasal/palatal perforation.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Black tongue and teeth.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Dilated pupils, rapid pulse and sweating.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hallucination of insects crawling on the skin (formication).", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Dilated pupils, rapid pulse and sweating.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - Dilated pupils, rapid pulse and sweating.\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old factory worker was brought to the emergency room with complaints of headache, vomiting and blurring of vision after he consumed local spirit. Which of the following is used for the treatment of his condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Fomepizole", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Flumazenil", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "N-acetylcysteine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Naloxone", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Fomepizole", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - F\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A farmer was sleeping in the field, and he felt a sting on his leg. He saw something moving away quickly. He then got drowsy and was taken to the hospital. He developed pain around the site and continued to bleed profusely from the wound site. The wound became red with blisters. Which of the following is the most likely cause?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Viper", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cobra", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Wasp bite", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Scorpion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Viper", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Neurotoxic snakes (Elapidae)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Vasculotoxic (Viper)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causes muscular, weakness of legs and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> of muscles of face, throat and respiration.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11d4157da4169277718762144a4fe7\">enzymatic</span> destruction of cell walls and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42f1e4deb8169277718412c0681a54\">coagulation</span> disorders causing hemolysis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ptosis: B/L drooping of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"819ddea9e51692777187cdff06b437\">eyelid</span> -M/C</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>DIC - </strong>Disseminated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"837d6227d81692777190a063ea2cd4\">Intravascular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09376c06ef16927771848108fd8f70\">Coagulopathy</span> causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Local reaction: Minimal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Local reaction: Extensive</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tongue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> seen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tongue not affected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Descending paralysis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">Respiratory</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> with dysphagia, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"513e3f58591692777186180423ae9f\">dysphonia</span> and dysarthria.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circulatory failure</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wet gangrene, early onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dry gangrene, late onset</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pulse: Initially normal, then irregular.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pulse: weak and irregular</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coagulation not affected</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coagulation with hemorrhagic manifestations</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Normal pupils</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pupils dilated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypersalivation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Normal salivation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Staggering gait</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not affected specifically</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient was brought to casualty with seizures. He had multiple episodes and was taking herbal medicines for the same. He was conscious in between the episodes. During the episodes, he had an arching of his back. What is the likely cause?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Strychnine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ricinus", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Nerium odorum", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Datura", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Strychnine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/nh7Eiim8SeyZZ1YRH5Lz1745305099.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dkONoZTJwvzZaCCwbVbR1745305109.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/MTrtSKbBDXcAnKiHkAcU1745305117.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica and other species of Strychnos plants found in India.</p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"H. Zell \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strychnos_nux-vomica\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"246\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/nh7Eiim8SeyZZ1YRH5Lz1745305099.png\" width=\"300\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Stimulates all parts of the central nervous system, especially the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">anterior</span> horn cells. Greatly increases <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">reflex</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3892cfe03616927771872f834cf855\">excitability</span> by removing normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f03ca2d2a716927771901227bc175a\">inhibition</span> of motor cell stimulation, causing widespread uncontrolled motor activity of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord.</li>\n<li>Slight <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d7e9fdf401692777199f2038941b6\">stimuli</span> like noise, light, or a breeze can cause violent generalized muscle spasms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Opisthotonos</strong>- arched body with only the back of head and heels touching the ground:</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Charles Bell\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opisthotonus\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"163\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/dkONoZTJwvzZaCCwbVbR1745305109.png\" width=\"300\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>Emprosthotonos- forward curve</li>\n<li>Pleurothotonus- sideways curve</li>\n<li>Risus sardonicus- fixed grin:</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Moraru, Liviu &amp; Budianu, Mihaela-Alexandra &amp; Musteață, Isabela-Raluca &amp; Septimiu, Voidăzan. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/WD-characteristic-sign-of-risus-sardonicus-in-a-37-year-old-man_fig3_378982949\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"357\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/MTrtSKbBDXcAnKiHkAcU1745305117.png\" width=\"300\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Immediate Care: Place in a dark, quiet room.</li>\n<li>Anesthesia: Chloroform or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">intravenous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8815b1ff5b1692777182be93e820b0\">barbiturate</span> if spasms allow.</li>\n<li>Adsorption: Administer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90974ed702169277718167b03c69c3\">animal charcoal</span> to absorb free strychnine, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"86e6f9a240169277720098e68bfbbe\">tannic acid</span> if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e7626b047e169277718484971217b8\">charcoal</span> is unavailable.</li>\n<li>Antidotes: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">Intravenous</span> barbiturates to stop convulsions.</li>\n<li>Muscle relaxants: Mephenesin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27b78a96071692777190f4dfb93430\">intravenous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"80d3ceeba61692777186f4f5da691f\">diazepam</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f350ca9b3516927771814951e4c70c\">anticonvulsant</span> effects.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Rigor mortis: Sets in almost immediately<strong> </strong>and passes off early.</li>\n<li>Stomach contents: Remains of seeds may be found.</li>\n<li>Delayed putrefaction.</li>\n<li>Toxicological analysis: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"531c2333a41692777199152a47d1e6\">Strychnine</span> can be detected in putrefied bodies and viscera; brain and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord should be preserved for analysis.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Differentiating Points</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Strychnine Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tetanus</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1. History</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>History of poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>History of injury</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2. Onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sudden onset</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gradual onset</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3. Convulsions/Spasms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Generalized convulsions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lockjaw (trismus)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4. Chest Movement</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chest fixed during convulsions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not typically fixed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">Relaxation</span> Between Spasms</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bc49d94df16927771975eae86de9f\">relaxation</span> between seizures</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Relaxation between spasms is never complete</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6. Duration Until Fatality</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ends fatally within a few hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Death is rare within a few hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7. Chemical Evidence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chemical analysis reveals the poison</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No specific chemical detection</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A child before playing consumed fruit from the garden. After some time, he developed a high fever, confusion, photophobia, and was unable to urinate. What are the likely causative agent and the appropriate antidote used in this case of poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Datura, Pralidoxime", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Datura, Physostigmine", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Yellow oleander, Pralidoxime", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Yellow oleander, Physostigmine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Datura, Physostigmine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/p7irx6tE38DxnZxLR5pe1745302635.png"], "explanation": "<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Dryness of mouth and throat</li>\n<li>Dysphagia</li>\n<li>Difficulty in talking</li>\n<li>Hoarseness of voice</li>\n<li>Flushed face</li>\n<li>Pupil dilatation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Photophobia + Diplopia</li>\n<li>Agitation and restlessness</li>\n<li>Delirium</li>\n<li>Urinary retention</li>\n<li>Dry and hot skin</li>\n<li>Exfoliation of skin may occur</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Toxicity </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Antidote </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mechanism of action </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura/anticholinergics toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Physostigmine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"63b92227451692777180db3901b72f\">acetylcholinesterase</span> enzyme</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> antagonist</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphates </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n<p>Pralidoxime</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscarinic antagonist</p>\n<p>Cholinesterase reactivation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acetaminophen </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl-cysteine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Replenishes Glutathione</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Benzodiazepine </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits GABA receptors</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Eli Lilly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> Kit (3-step approach)</p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ol>\n<li>Amyl nitrate: Oxidises haemoglobin to methemoglobin, which scavenges cyanide.</li>\n<li>Sodium nitrate: causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to detach from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> group of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> oxidase.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Amyl <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> is used as a temporary measure until IV Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> can be given.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Sodium thiosulphate:It activates an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f160e4e42169277718771b715516a\">enzyme</span> that converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to a less toxic agent, thiocyanate.</li>\n</ol>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient presented with altered sensorium, hypotension, and constricted pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is likely responsible for this patient's presentation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Opioids", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Datura", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cocaine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Amphetamine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Opioids", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/2tSAs8lLgBanqJv1Z0jY1744961712.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dried <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"387ff6837a16927771876363756d5a\">extract</span> from the <strong>poppy plant (Papaver somniferum)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Extraction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Obtained by vertical incisions from <strong>unripe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29d080c8fb169277719630ecd0d756\">poppy</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54635b1bf01692777183247ecff5e0\">capsule</span> (toxic part)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxic principles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Phenanthrene group:</strong> Morphine, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e7bbeaf7531692777184c116586ef7\">Codeine</span> and Thebaine</li>\n<li><strong>Benzylisoquinoline group:</strong> Papaverine and Noscapine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of action (MOA)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Exhibits action via 3 receptors mainly - Mu(μ), Delta(δ) and Kappa(κ) receptors and release Endorphins.</li>\n<li><strong>Addictive potential is due to its action on Mu(μ) and Delta(δ)</strong> receptors</li>\n<li>Action on <strong>Kappa(κ) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> causes dysphoria</strong> - no addictive potential</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effects</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tolerability, Addiction, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08289506491692777186a3dceb93ad\">Dysphoria</span> (κ-receptor)</li>\n<li>Pruritus is a common adverse effect.</li>\n<li><strong>Other effects: </strong>Constipation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">Respiratory</span> depression, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b72f5e96b16927772018dec8a87e2\">Urinary</span> retention.</li>\n<li>Tolerability is developed for all actions except: 3 C's\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Constipation</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Constriction of pupils (Miosis)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fatal dose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opium: 2 g</p>\n<p>Morphine: 0.2 g</p>\n<p>Codeine: 80 mg</p>\n<p>Fatal period: 6-12 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Management </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Support vitals:</strong> Use a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce58675a281692777197af6b5eeb7b\">respirator</span> and other emergency procedures.</li>\n<li><strong>Decontamination:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Stomach wash with 1:5000 KMnO₄, leaving some solution in the stomach to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c12c0827f169277719418337c3aeb\">oxidize</span> any secreted alkaloid.</li>\n<li>Perform <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> even after IV/IM drug injection, as it is secreted in the stomach.</li>\n<li>Administer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5dd23480451692777180e299cc38bc\">activated charcoal</span> as the primary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0a4dc4123a1692777185e71882be04\">decontamination</span> method.</li>\n<li>Enema with sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"535af9a2181692777199309af44d24\">sulfate</span> twice daily.</li>\n<li>Whole-bowel <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ea6a429a6b1692777190801502ba55\">irrigation</span> for body packers.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Antidote:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Naloxone</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism goes to a liquor store and purchases two bottles of liquor. Approximately one hour later, after consuming alcohol, he presents to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal discomfort, acute confusion, vision loss, and an unsteady gait. What is the most appropriate treatment for his condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Naloxone", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ethyl alcohol", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Flumazenil", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Atropine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Ethyl alcohol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4331e1dd521692777187b06284eb2e\"&gt;Ethyl&lt;/span&gt; alcoh\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old male patient was found unconscious in his backyard, the leaves of a plant similar to the one shown below were found scattered around him. He is now presenting with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and irregular heart rate. Identify the plant given below likely responsible for these symptoms?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Yellow oleander", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ricinus communis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Datura", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Papaver somniferum", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Yellow oleander", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bqKqd8TZomCUlV34FhiL1692702667.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Yellow &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97f6e0800216927771943d9243419c\"&gt;Oleander&lt;/span&gt; (Thevetia peruviana)\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Black foot disease with peripheral neuropathy is seen in which metal poisoning?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lead", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mercury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Cadmium", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Arsenic", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/tlz4ieH9QYb03yhakWS31746006134.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KQqfOojHc6NgttePIrpB1746006134.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Zdl19ajuzR6j0EhZp03I1746006134.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RGbz0q13UWc2jmDamky01746006134.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/gtPVHSe5fx9uA3A7AMy41746006134.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:673px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Acute Arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">Poisoning</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Chronic Arsenic Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dermal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hair loss</li>\n<li><strong>Mees lines (Aldrich-Mees line or Reynold’s line): </strong>Transverse bands of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a8eadab50316927771948be0cc91ca\">opacity</span> in nails. <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Yannick Trottier\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mees%27_lines#/media/File:Mees'_lines.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"335\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/tlz4ieH9QYb03yhakWS31746006134.png\" width=\"262\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Melanosis (neck, eyelids, nipples)</li>\n<li>Bowen’s disease</li>\n<li>Facial oedema</li>\n<li>Hyperkeratosis</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Black foot disease</strong> (Peripheral gangrene)</p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Raessler, Michael.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Nodes-on-hands-and-soles-of-the-foot-caused-by-arsenic-poisoning-keratosis_fig2_323641748\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"445\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/KQqfOojHc6NgttePIrpB1746006134.png\" width=\"356\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hyperpigmentation (raindrop pattern)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Anita Ghosh/REACH\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 2.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arsenic_Poisoning.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"247\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Zdl19ajuzR6j0EhZp03I1746006134.png\" width=\"344\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<ul>\n<li>Skin cancer (commonly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5be0ee4ea316927771997104326685\">squamous</span> cell carcinoma).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ocular </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Conjunctivitis</li>\n<li>Lacrimation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dimension of Vision</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastrointestinal </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal pain</li>\n<li>Metallic taste</li>\n<li>Garlicky odour</li>\n<li>Dysphagia</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhoea (bloody or rice water)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anorexia</li>\n<li>Nausea</li>\n<li>Vomiting</li>\n<li>Diarrhea</li>\n<li>Weight loss</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Airway </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b9dd3166f1692777180b697887ccb\">airway</span> irritation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nasal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d783117d991692777198108af42c05\">septum</span> perforation</li>\n<li>Laryngitis</li>\n<li>Bronchitis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fatty degeneration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hepatomegaly</li>\n<li>Jaundice</li>\n<li>Cirrhosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kidney </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Oliguria</li>\n<li>Uraemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Nephritic changes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Neurological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hyperpyrexia</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Coma</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encephalopathy</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Polyneuritis (glove &amp; stocking type) </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"335\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/RGbz0q13UWc2jmDamky01746006134.png\" width=\"289\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tremor</li>\n<li>Ataxia</li>\n<li>Limb tenderness</li>\n<li>Difficulty in walking</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Haematological </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>–</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Anaemia</li>\n<li>Leucopenia</li>\n<li>Thrombocytopenia</li>\n<li>Basophilic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"37d5ea489a1692777199ec08c05fe6\">stippling</span> (Rare in arsenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> and<strong> common in lead poisoning)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Prof. Erhabor Osaro \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic_stippling\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"316\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/gtPVHSe5fx9uA3A7AMy41746006134.png\" width=\"418\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>Karyorrhexis</li>\n<li>Pancytopenia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cardiac </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tachycardia</p>\n<p>Hypotension</p>\n<p>Cardiac arrhythmias</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypertension</p>\n<p>Myocarditis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A female was given morphine sulfate during labor for pain, following which she developed respiratory distress. Which of the following will be the correct antidote?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Naloxone", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Atropine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pralidoxime", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Epinephrine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Naloxone", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxic agent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Specific antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acetaminophen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>N-acetyl cysteine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine, datura</p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Physostigmine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Organophosphates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c08d723a9f16927771968c414d08e6\">pralidoxime</span> <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Benzodiazepines</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Carbon monoxide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hyperbaric oxygen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Amyl nitrite, Sodium nitrite, sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7e95d7fc4169277720098ae4b326f\">thiosulfate</span> (3-step <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> kit)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic, Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BAL (Dimercaprol) &gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> (Succimer)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lead</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>EDTA &gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> (Succimer)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Copper sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>D-penicillamine &gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> &gt; EDTA</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Methanol, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e2fdef08316927771877389af9cc7\">ethylene</span> glycol</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol or fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opioids</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Desferrioxamine</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Luminescent stools are associated with which of the following?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Mercury", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cadmium", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Phosphorus", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Oxalic acid", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Phosphorus", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Phosphoru\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following poisons present with bluish discoloration of the stomach mucosa on post mortem examination ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Oxalic acid", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sodium amytal", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Soneryl", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Sodium amytal", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Sodiu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Saturnine gout is seen in:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lead poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cadmium poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Beryllium poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Mercury poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Lead poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Lead poisoning\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which metallic poisoning Mimics cholera?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Chromium", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mercury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lead", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Arsenic", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - A\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the plant which produces a deliriant toxin .", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Erythroxylum coca", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Datura", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hyoscine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Digitalis purpura", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Erythroxylum coca", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/lZd34RHqZyoyVfPcbHcp1697693117.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZVAvtbfXi82RA8YV52b21697693131.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IGLiU9Xdx23fwVXY5GYo1697693153.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RDQhXhWEPSoElercmpux1697693197.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Erythroxylu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following : 1. Krait A. 2. Cobra B. 3. Python C. 4. Viper D.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/5CsVzxIoNinjk6a79IZz1714030535.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2ozE4m59FRuJYta9T6Xm1714030535.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xhnq2YLLoNASbDFgXSat1714030535.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/o24q38ygDarEHIDCXpT31714030535.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - 1-D; 2-C; 3-A; 4-B: \n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Snake Species</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Classification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Characteristic Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Krait</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Elapidae family</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Elongated body with a relatively small head. 2. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3ebe379c231692777193c0afa683ed\">Neurotoxic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce053080da169277720142dbefddb2\">venom</span> that can cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">paralysis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> failure. 3. Usually found in Southeast Asia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Cobra</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Elapidae family</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Elongated body with a hooded neck when threatened. 2. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3ebe379c231692777193c0afa683ed\">Neurotoxic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce053080da169277720142dbefddb2\">venom</span> that can cause paralysis. 3. Typically found in Africa, Asia, and parts of the Middle East.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Python</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Pythonidae family</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Heavy-bodied snake with a broad head. 2. Non-venomous constrictor. 3. Can grow to be very large. 4. Found in Africa, Asia, and Australia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Viper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Viperidae family</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Stout-bodied snake with a triangular-shaped head. 2. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6ab7a16d751692777201645703100e\">Venomous</span> with a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6e0b26b8d1692777188ca8136898f\">hemotoxic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce053080da169277720142dbefddb2\">venom</span> that affects blood <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">clotting</span> and tissue damage. 3. Commonly found worldwide, including in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Assertion: Most common hematological finding in case of lead poisoning is eosinophilia Reason: Lead inhibits ALA dehydratase", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Assertion is false, but the reason is true", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Both assertion and reason are false", "correct": false}, {"label": "E", "text": "The assertion is false but reason is true", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "Unknown", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Drug</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Acetaminophen</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>N-acetylcysteine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Benzodiazepines</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Flumazenil</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Beta blockers</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Glucagon</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Calcium channel blockers</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Calcium salts</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Cyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Hydroxocobalamin or sodium thiosulfate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Digoxin</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Digoxin immune <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1033eff65b1692777202c687baf495\">fab</span> (Digoxin-specific antibodies)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Heparin</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Protamine sulfate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Opioids</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Warfarin</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Vitamin K</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Paracetamol</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>N-acetylcysteine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following types of toxins has the maximum damage potential?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Irritant poison", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Corrosive poison", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Alcohol", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Opioid", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Corrosive poison", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following poisons and test: Column A Column B 1. Marsh test 2. Silver nitrate paper test 3. Cavett test 4. Marquis test A. Opium B. Aluminium phosphide C. Cyanide D. Alcohol E. Arsenic", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-E, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-E, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-E, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-E, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1-E, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - 1-E, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Poisons</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Arsenic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Marsh test</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Excretion of more than 100 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c61e3b709016927771920d8bd6503d\">microgram</span> in l hours urine.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p> Detection by atomic absorption spectroscopy.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Silver <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> paper test</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1a0a43d74e16927772004473a05ae3\">triad</span> of lab findings is suggestive of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> poisoning:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p> A narrow arterial-venous oxygen difference</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p> An <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"53e82fca731692777181e629a02799\">anion</span> gap <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> acidosis</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>An elevated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a751dc161169277719123aae1b764\">lactate</span> concentration</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Alcohol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Cavett test</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>The common laboratory tests include estimation of alcohol from:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Blood</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p> Urine</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p> Breath</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p> Vitreous fluid, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf978047b61692777183c0569f21f2\">bile</span> and other tissues (during autopsy).</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>The methods are</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Chemical</strong>: Widmark method, Cavett method</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Biochemical</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"401dd7c3941692777180e4d78eee80\">ADH</span> method</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Physical</strong>: GLC</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Opium alkaloids</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Marquis test</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements about digoxin toxicity are true: A. Pain in abdomen, burning sensation, diarrhea seen in digoxin toxicity B. Vision changes like Transient ambylopia, photophobia, may be noted in digoxin toxicity C. Specific antidote for cardiac arrhythmias is lignocaine 100 mg IV or novocaine or propranolol. D. Death occurs from Respiratory failure.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A, B, C", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "D, A, C", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A, B, D", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "D, B", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. A, B, C", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - A, B, C\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is the incorrect statement regarding the image shown below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Only the roots of this plant are poisonous", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Causes AV block", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Atropine is not specific for aconite poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Grow in sub Himalayan range", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Only the roots of this plant are poisonous", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/9aSSbUMzjaVFJSeQH4qT1691473831.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Only the roots of this plant are poisonou\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Plant Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Common Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Mechanism of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Atropa belladonna</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Deadly Nightshade</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains alkaloids (e.g., atropine) that block <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9b4dbbb3321692777181e6fe172b88\">anticholinergic</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Digitalis purpurea</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Foxglove</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> glycosides (e.g., digoxin) that <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b3de87b7c16927771901326efbcd2\">inhibit</span> Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase, leading to increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a621be29da16927771901bc91014d1\">intracellular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> and positive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d44f29df6116927771902150f69464\">inotropic</span> effects on the heart.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Taxus baccata</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Yew</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f508f9b941692777200cf048073ca\">taxine</span> alkaloids that <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b3de87b7c16927771901326efbcd2\">inhibit</span> sodium channels, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"63bda90e3516927771848cbb473f04\">conduction</span> disturbances.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Amanita phalloides</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Death Cap</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains amatoxins that <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b3de87b7c16927771901326efbcd2\">inhibit</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cc65bdc03f169277719726a675e8a7\">RNA</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d419920a6616927771969805c3d65d\">polymerase</span> II, leading to liver and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4aa6035df41692777190b41d4a1583\">kidney</span> toxicity.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Ricinus communis</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Castor Bean</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains ricin, a potent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba3f49d25616927771850c02249e5f\">cytotoxin</span> that inhibits protein <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3fda45538a1692777199ec2a5478a5\">synthesis</span> by inactivating ribosomes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Nerium oleander</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Oleander</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> glycosides (e.g., oleandrin) that have similar effects to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"65454722181692777186eb89b626df\">digitalis</span> glycosides, causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> toxicity.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Colchicum autumnale</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Autumn Crocus</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e6c39cccfc1692777184f4ea5296e6\">colchicine</span> that inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ef00bb99bd1692777192dbc816b3d4\">microtubule</span> polymerization, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3662597407169277718640a12868f5\">dysfunction</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5744dac7511692777186db6f8e0c28\">disruption</span> of mitosis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Datura stramonium</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Jimsonweed</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains alkaloids (e.g., scopolamine) that block <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors, causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9b4dbbb3321692777181e6fe172b88\">anticholinergic</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Dieffenbachia</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Dumb Cane</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"28ddbfbaa51692777194aa6875fac4\">oxalate</span> crystals that cause mechanical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a74ed0fcf16927771901a79847565\">irritation</span> and tissue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e747a47db616927771908bff4b8931\">inflammation</span> upon contact.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Rhus radicans</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Contains <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fe8a2d3e6b1692777201d054f07c7f\">urushiol</span> oil that causes allergic contact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fedc53b3161692777186553c8f8d7d\">dermatitis</span> upon contact with the skin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the cause of death in smoke inhalation ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Histotoxic hypoxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ischemic hypoxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Anemic hypoxia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "All of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Anemic hypoxia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Anemic h\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following: i. Heroin ii. MDMA iii. Joint iv. LSD Ganja Acid Brown sugar Amphetamine", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "i -2, ii-1, iii-4, iv-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "i -3, ii-2, iii-1, iv-4", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "i -4, ii-2, iii-1, iv-3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - i -3, ii-4, iii-1, iv-2:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>i. Heroin</p>\n<p>ii. MDMA</p>\n<p>iii. Joint</p>\n<p>iv. LSD</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>3.Brown sugar</p>\n<p>4.Amphetamine</p>\n<p>1.Ganja</p>\n<p>2.Acid</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Substance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Common Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Heroin</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Smack, Horse, Dope</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cocaine</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Coke, Crack, Snow</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Marijuana</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Weed, Pot, Cannabis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Methamphetamine</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Meth, Crystal, Ice</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LSD</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Acid, Lucy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">MDMA</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ecstasy, Molly</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Prescription opioids</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">OxyContin, Vicodin, Percocet</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Benzodiazepines</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Xanax, Valium, Ativan</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Amphetamines</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Speed, Adderall, Ritalin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Synthetic cannabinoids</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Spice, K2</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following acts as a physiological antidote to scorpion venom ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Physostigmine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Norepinephrine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Prazosin", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Atropine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Prazosin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - P\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Explanation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Scorpion Venom</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Scorpion <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce053080da169277720142dbefddb2\">venom</span> contains various neurotoxins that stimulate the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5731c5431416927771999e54e2563b\">sympathetic</span> nervous system, leading to increased release of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"155371e9941692777193b48666ce0a\">norepinephrine</span> (a neurotransmitter) and subsequent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> of alpha-1 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0132a02ec31692777180a840765aff\">adrenergic</span> receptors.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Prazosin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Prazosin is an alpha-1 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0132a02ec31692777180a840765aff\">adrenergic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e4959f6f316927771978bb152d440\">receptor</span> antagonist, meaning it blocks the binding of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"155371e9941692777193b48666ce0a\">norepinephrine</span> to these receptors. By inhibiting the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> of alpha-1 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0132a02ec31692777180a840765aff\">adrenergic</span> receptors, prazosin counteracts the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f0b42b17016927772014c586d44b7\">vasoconstriction</span> and other <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5731c5431416927771999e54e2563b\">sympathetic</span> responses caused by excessive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5731c5431416927771999e54e2563b\">sympathetic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4fb3e709b616927771986543dd5247\">scorpion</span> venom.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Effect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"70d039f1401692777183bb2f23a21a\">blockade</span> of alpha-1 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0132a02ec31692777180a840765aff\">adrenergic</span> receptors by prazosin results in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7aa9f8d34616927772018c11493bbc\">vasodilation</span> (relaxation of blood vessels), which helps to lower blood pressure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Gastric lavage can be performed in case of which of the following poisoning ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sulphuric acid", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Strychnine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Carbolic acid", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Kerosene oil", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Carbolic acid", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - C\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Inhaling the cloth soaked in drug is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bagging", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Spraying", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Huffing", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sniffing", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Huffing", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Huffing\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Methods of substance abuse</strong></td>\n<td style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Explanation</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Bagging</strong></td>\n<td>Bagging refers to a method of inhaling substances by placing them inside a bag and then inhaling or breathing in the vapors. The bag is typically held over the nose and mouth, allowing the person to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fa8e7de4491692777190b78c13e43a\">inhale</span> the substance contained within the bag</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Snorting</strong></td>\n<td>Snorting involves the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> of powdered substances, typically drugs, through the nose. The substance is crushed into a fine powder and then snorted through the nostrils using a straw, rolled-up paper, or other devices.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sniffing</strong></td>\n<td>Sniffing refers to the act of inhaling or smelling substances, often <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"656e217bb81692777202d82810ba2a\">volatile</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bdef37bf01692777182f5780db753\">aromatic</span> substances.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Huffing</strong></td>\n<td>Huffing involves the deliberate <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"656e217bb81692777202d82810ba2a\">volatile</span> substances or inhalants directly from their container or source. The person typically places their mouth or nose directly on the container and inhales deeply, allowing the vapors or fumes to enter their <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> system. This method is associated with the misuse of chemicals, solvents, or other <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"656e217bb81692777202d82810ba2a\">volatile</span> substances for recreational purposes.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In case of corrosive acid ingestion, stomach is opened along the?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lesser curvature", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Greater curvature", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Vertical", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pylorus", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Greater curvature", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Greater curvatu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In an autopsy of suspected poisoning , which organ, along with the stomach, part of the intestine, and liver, is preserved?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Kidney", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lungs", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Brain", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Heart", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Kidney", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - K\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Organs preserved</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Heart, Brain </p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Strychnine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Spleen</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cyanide</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Brain</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Organophosphate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Bones</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Arsenic</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Lungs</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Volatile poisons , like CO, H<sub>2</sub>S</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Small intestine </p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Vegetable poisons</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which poisoning is caused by a bullet retained inside the body ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Iron", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Phosphorus", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Nitrocellulose", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lead", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Lead", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - L\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient with Pink color skin &amp;amp; mucosa , a bitter almond smell from breath, and frothy discharge . The cause of death is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "H 2 S poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "CO poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "HCN poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "OPC poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. HCN poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - HCN poisoning\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 72-year-old farmer was presented in the hospital with pinpoint pupil &amp;amp; increased secretions . The diagnosis is", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Alcohol poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Opioid poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Organophosphorus poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Datura poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Organophosphorus poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Organophosphorus poisoning\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following are toxins ? Atropine Colchicine Curare Arsenic", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "All are correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1, 2, 3 are correct", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, 3 are correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "3, 4 are correct", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1, 2, 3 are correct", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - 1, 2, 3\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28 year old man presented with dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation after consuming an unknown substance. On examination, his PR 110 bpm, and his pupils were dilated. What did he most likely consume?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Heroin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Morphine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Malathion", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Belladona", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Belladona", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - Belladona: \n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old male is brought to the emergency room. On examination, his PR is 50 bpm, BP is 80/60 mmHg, RR is 7 breaths/min and his temperature is 95° F . He has a pinpoint pupil and is disoriented. What is the most probable diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Benzodiazepine overdose", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cocaine intoxication", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Opioid withdrawal", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Opioid intoxication", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Opioid intoxication", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - O\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 23-year-old farm worker from a remote village was brought to the hospital 8 hours later, following a snake bite at 5 in the morning. The patient complained of headache, blurred vision, tingling sensation around the mouth, dizziness and vertigo and had multiple episodes of vomiting since the bite. He has signs of respiratory depression and bradycardia (HR&amp;lt;50) . The local wound showed mild swelling and blistering. There are no apparent bleeding manifestations. He was administered 10 vials of antivenom. Which of the following is the subsequent step of management?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Check the blood coagulation profile", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Neostigmine with atropine", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Epinephrine injection", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "I.V hydrocortisone", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Neostigmine with atropine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Neostigmine with\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following diagnoses give the hematological picture as given below ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Minamata disease", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Saturnism", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Chronic iron toxicity", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Arsenic poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Saturnism", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8qzPPM42DvzooLRHZS0X1715323139.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/rKypkP9m8uj9vKZVEn4x1715323159.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Satu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 90 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - 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On examination, the wound has sharp edges but lacks undermining, and tissue bridges are visible. There is no significant underlying soft tissue present between the skin and the skull. What is the most likely type of injury?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Split laceration", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Shearing laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Chop wound", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Split laceration", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8eiX0GtCe5VwI7gS0DuS1735878967.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uOZiYQfQWU88nwIqOwYg1735879048.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:1000px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of Laceration</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mittal, Pawan &amp; Sharma, Balraj &amp; Mittal, Nancy.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Split-laceration-triradiate-over-vertex-of-the-scalp-with-surrounding-cylindrical_fig14_369824161\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/8eiX0GtCe5VwI7gS0DuS1735878967.png\" width=\"193\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Split <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff7e91c542169277719182b4b8b68b\">Laceration</span> </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>These occur when <strong>skin is crushed between two objects</strong>, such as the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"038a2a2fd4169277719894dc7db4bb\">scalp</span> being compressed between the skull and a hard surface like the ground or a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> object.</li>\n<li>Seen on areas where the <strong>skin is close to bone</strong>, with <strong>minimal underlying tissue</strong></li>\n<li>E.g., scalp, eyebrows, cheekbones, jaw, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"837bfc230c16927771892ece07f94b\">iliac</span> crest, perineum, shin.</li>\n<li>Lacerations without excessive skin crushing can have<strong> sharp edges</strong>,<strong> resembling <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e924e3cb169277719021021fc6d2\">incised</span> wounds.</strong></li>\n<li>Also known as <strong>incised looking laceration</strong>.</li>\n<li>These are not undermined and show tissue bridges.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><br/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lim, Hyoseob &amp; Han, Dae &amp; Lee, Il &amp; Park, Myong.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Case-2-preoperative-and-postoperative-photographs-A-An-avulsion-flap-injury-was-noted_fig3_261070181\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/uOZiYQfQWU88nwIqOwYg1735879048.png\" width=\"348\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Avulsion (Shearing Laceration) </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Caused by a <strong>shearing force </strong>at an <strong>acute angle,</strong> detaching skin or organs from their attachments.</li>\n<li>The <strong>shearing and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c41ecd26ef1692777188314b57b1ff\">grinding</span> force </strong>from a heavy object, like a lorry wheel passing over a limb, can cause the skin to separate from the underlying tissues, a condition known as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"954dd74f031692777182664659765f\">avulsion</span> or<strong> \"flaying.\"</strong></li>\n<li>This often results in crushed muscles and fractured bones. The detached skin may have extensive abrasions due to the tyre’s friction, but one portion is still in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17e718612e1692777185f79acb759b\">continuity</span> with adjacent skin.</li>\n<li>Lacerations from shearing forces can leave the skin intact while separating the underlying soft tissue from the fascia, resulting in a blood-filled pocket. This type of injury is often observed on the back of the thighs in pedestrians hit by motor vehicles.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Rwi2rDO4ox6OLAW5TO1a1746884974.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A victim of an attack displays several injuries on the palms, flexor sides of the fingers, and interdigital spaces and are irregular and ragged cuts. Which of the following best describes the nature of these injuries?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Passive defense injuries sustained while raising arms for protection", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Active defense injuries sustained while attempting to grasp the weapon", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lacerations from a blunt weapon", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Injuries caused by falling onto a sharp object", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Active defense injuries sustained while attempting to grasp the weapon", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/qvf6X5EiNEvMErZY5kAc1735882701.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Active defense wounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Passive defense wounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The victim tries to grasp the weapon.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The victim raises the arms, legs, or hands.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Depends on the type of weapon.</li>\n<li>A single-edged weapon causes <strong>a single cut on the palm or the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"247e7aa0181692777182e46b52832d\">bends</span> of fingers or thumb</strong>.</li>\n<li>A double-edged weapon produces<strong> cuts on both the palm and fingers</strong>.</li>\n<li>A typical knife defense wound is seen between the base of the thumb and the index finger.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Extensor or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7fd512e881692777201909450fd8c\">ulnar</span> surfaces</strong> of the forearms, wrists, back of the hands, knuckle. <strong>(vs Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Rarely on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d3eb7fc1d41692777198c9b9e4364e\">shin</span> and feet.</li>\n<li>Arms and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> aspect of lower limbs and back.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of Injuries </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Irregular and ragged cuts due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"15228e561416927771918a5e9e15db\">loosening</span> of skin tension while gripping the knife.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fractures of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8a21e01261692777183ccc5569251\">carpal</span> bones, metacarpals, and digits (mostly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> trauma). <strong>(vs Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal importance </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Defense wounds indicate homicide.</li>\n<li>They are absent if the victim is:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Unconscious</li>\n<li>Taken by surprise</li>\n<li>Attacked from the back</li>\n<li>Under the influence of drugs or alcohol</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/lefzojpVP5lKt2uhaHy31739772852.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old woman was attacked with an axe and suffered a chop wound from it. Which of the following is true about a chop wound?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The wound is a laceration on the surface and does not involve the underlying bone", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The dimensions of the wound do not correspond to the weapon size", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The margins of the wound are always irregular", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The heel of the axe leaves a deeper wound than the toe of the axe", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. The heel of the axe leaves a deeper wound than the toe of the axe", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/grwCiG6WJqMtJ5J77TOg1735882594.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chop wounds/Slash wounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>These are deep gaping wounds inflicted by a blow with the moderately sharp <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"68598f613b16927771853d5009f3da\">cutting edge</span> of a heavy weapon when applied with significant force.</li>\n<li>It is a combination of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> and sharp force injury.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weapons used </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hatchet</li>\n<li>Axe</li>\n<li>Sword</li>\n<li>Broad heavy knife</li>\n<li>Chopper</li>\n<li>Saber</li>\n<li>Meat cleaver</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features of the wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The axe's lower end (heel) strikes first, leaving a deeper wound than the upper end (toe).</li>\n<li>It is an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e924e3cb169277719021021fc6d2\">incised</span> wound on skin with an underlying communited <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> or deep grove in the bone. <strong>(vs Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Dimensions of the wound correspond to the cross-section of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55b31d659b16927771958a15837b10\">penetrating</span> blade. <strong>(vs Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Margins are sharp and may have abrasions, bruising, and some lacerations with severe injury to underlying organs. <strong>(vs Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal importance </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Most injuries are homicidal.</li>\n<li>Frew are <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> by machinery (propeller injuries).</li>\n<li>Rarely suicidal.</li>\n<li>Wounds give details of the weapon used and the direction of attack.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aJqwq6HBbPhWrnf9le4H1739772690.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "An old method of suicide conducted by Japanese samurai warriors as a ritual is shown below. Identify the cause of death in such cases.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hypovolemic shock", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Asphyxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sudden cardiac collapse", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hypoxemia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Sudden cardiac collapse", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/chrv4CndneQSoaRMEkbT1735881692.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/12kFDOTBzlZdoxm0v63h1735881767.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/kZP6vf0NEeZ6GgJUp4Yw1735881812.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hara-kiri/Seppukku </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hara-kiri refers to an unusual method of suicide where the victim inflicts a single large stab wound on the abdomen.</li>\n<li>It is associated with Japanese samurai warriors.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Characteristics of the wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is a <strong>single large stab wound </strong>made by the victim by moving the sword across the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ac388c59831692777180f5a8e12913\">abdomen</span> (usually left to right) and then turning it up to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> an <strong>L-shape</strong>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The wound is made by a <strong>short sword </strong>while in a sitting position or</li>\n<li>By falling onto a ceremonial sword.</li>\n<li>A well-fixed knife can produce a wound like this, but only with enough momentum to do so.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause of death </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The large wound leads to the intestines pulling out of the body, which causes a sudden <strong>drop</strong> in <strong>intrabdominal pressure </strong>and <strong>cardiac return</strong>.</li>\n<li>This leads to <strong>sudden <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> collapse </strong>and <strong>death</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/L3Ldla6jnrFET24e6PkE1739772575.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Assertion : The appearance and shape of stab wounds are significantly influenced by the orientation of Langer’s lines on the skin. Reason : Stab wounds that are parallel to Langer’s lines tend to be narrow and slit-shaped, while those that cut across the lines may gape due to skin elasticity and the tension created along these lines. Analyze the above statements and answer accordingly.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is the right explanation", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "The assertion is wrong but the reason is correct", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Both assertion and reason are wrong", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The assertion is true but the reason is wrong", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is the right explanation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/WoNQtPSUpBBwA07X5fpQ1735880960.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZnkzC6qPxJ4fRVc9zD711746937111.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic surgeon is examining multiple stab wounds on a homicide victim. The wounds are wedge-shaped as in the image: Which of the following weapons is likely the cause of the injury here?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Scissors", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Single-edged knife", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Double-edged knife", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Broken glass bottleneck", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Single-edged knife", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/RkIvvoZnmSJN48Bzyko31735880364.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/aTUHvxqpU2pgDMWJRRhW1735905372.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weapon used </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Shape of wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> \n\t\t\t<p>Single-edged weapon</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Triangular or wedge-shaped surface wound</li>\n<li>One side is sharp, and the other is rounded, blunt, or squared off</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Double-edged weapon <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Elliptical or slit-like wound</li>\n<li>Both sides are sharp or pointed</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Round object</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Circular wound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pointed square weapon</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cross-shaped injury</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Broken bottle <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clusters of wounds of different shapes, sizes, depths, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> margins</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Screwdriver</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Slit-like stab wound with squared ends</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Scissors <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Closed: flat “Z” shaped</li>\n<li>Open: like a knife</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ice picks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, round, or slit-like</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fork</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Group of 3-4 wounds depending on the prongs of the fork</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:284px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sites of concealed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9af4bb5919169277719688aaf3f8e7\">puncture</span> wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nostrils</li>\n<li>Fontanelle</li>\n<li>Fornix of upper eyelids</li>\n<li>Axilla</li>\n<li>Vagina</li>\n<li>Rectum</li>\n<li>Nape of the neck</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IsAl3y5q9ooq48whvXb61739772216.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic surgeon is examining a stab wound on a victim. Which of the following statement/s is/are true about the dimensions of the wound? 1. Breadth of the wound is equal to the thickness of the weapon. 2. Depth is the greatest dimension of a stab wound. 3. The edges of the wound are clean-cut. 4. The length of the wound is usually slightly less than the width.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, and 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "2, 3, and 4", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1 and 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All are correct", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 2, 3, and 4", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JlLsIUGV99kKSMC1wStz1739771949.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A homicidal case with a stab wound over the abdomen is being examined. The weapon has passed through and through with a larger entry wound and a smaller exit wound. Which type of wound is this classified as?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Puncture wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Perforating wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Penetrating wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Concealed wound", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Perforating wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/5DJ0FeCcYBb3AN3Pc1wt1735880031.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/yjQDP7mp5yVzUdMvITrf1735880173.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stab wound/Punctured wound </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>These are inflicted by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31dd0b58bb1692777195e6016ecd51\">penetration</span> with long, narrow instruments having pointed (sometimes blunt) ends into the depth of the body, which is deeper than its length and width.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weapons used </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Knife (most common)</li>\n<li>Pieces of glass (broken glass bottle)</li>\n<li>Scissors</li>\n<li>Screwdrivers</li>\n<li>Pens</li>\n<li>Ice picks</li>\n<li>Forks</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of stab wounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Puncture wound: </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Soft tissues are involved</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Penetrating wound: </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Enters a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e856760501692777183f2469a5056\">body cavity</span> or a viscus</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Perforating wound: </strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Through-and-through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9af4bb5919169277719688aaf3f8e7\">puncture</span> wounds</li>\n<li>The weapon enters the body from one side and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"89f5610ffd1692777184b03f1f88cc\">comes</span> out the other</li>\n<li>The wound of entry is larger than the exit</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Significance of the wound dimensions </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Length </strong>is slightly <strong>less than the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> </strong>of the weapon due to the stretching of the skin.</li>\n<li><strong>Breadth </strong>is<strong> more than the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"facd67f6341692777200653d383689\">thickness</span> </strong>of weapon due to gaping.</li>\n<li><strong>Depth</strong>, the <strong>greatest dimension </strong>of the wound, corresponds to the <strong>length</strong> of the weapon's blade, which has completely entered the body without perforation.</li>\n<li><strong>Margins </strong>or edges of the wound are <strong>clean cut </strong>with usually no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> or bruising.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Margins by a pointed or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a3a8e127bb1692777184393fdcbf10\">conical</span> weapon have <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55a1f34a051692777191fefd6dfafa\">lacerated</span> edges</li>\n<li>If the hilt guard of the weapon strikes the skin, a regular, sharp, and well-defined patterned <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> or bruising is formed</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dXj4xl9FuEW5Q9mYfMPB1739766777.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist examines a body and notes the following findings. What do these findings suggest?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The individual experienced a moment of hesitation before the fatal injury.", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "The injuries were caused by a blunt object.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The victim was attacked with a sharp instrument from a distance.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The wounds are consistent with self-inflicted injuries.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. The individual experienced a moment of hesitation before the fatal injury.", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/jLcjV3DVMkG9MVeE73bV1735879888.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ldxsOTFdG3KqXPjAhnNk1735879954.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ifRaF9pUPIJQaugDrShR1739766474.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old woman presents for a follow-up appointment after undergoing surgery for an abdominal incision. The physician observes that the wound is beginning to heal, with granulation tissue forming in the wound bed. What is the most likely duration of healing indicated by the presence of vascularized granulation tissue?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "7 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "12 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "2–3 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "4–6 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 2–3 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:638px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Duration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gross Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Microscopic Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fresh</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Red with clotted blood.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Capillary dilation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"000d23188716927771936c5f2fe74e\">neutrophil</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e781b7cbb81692777191d2c897c755\">margination</span> and emigration, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"092583d1b41692777197a506409267\">reactive</span> changes in histiocytes. <strong> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Margins red, swollen, and adherent; blood and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4df97a6cbf169277719172fd1af767\">lymph</span> present.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reactive changes in fibroblasts, monocytes in exudate. <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>24 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Continuous layer of endothelial cells covers surface; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2def5e60c9169277719811414b8b46\">scab</span> of the dried clot.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Endothelial growth at edges; formation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"526ede3fee169277720184378acc5e\">vascular</span> buds.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2–3 days</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Formation of vascularized <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09e414c5a71692777188ef029aefe5\">granulation</span> tissue (Fibroblast activity) <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4–6 days</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Formation of new fibrils.<strong> (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7 days</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Scar formation.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Scar formation. <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:676px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Suicidal cut-throat wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Homicidal cut-throat wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Situation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Left side of the neck, crossing the front of the throat</li>\n<li>High, above the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"799202e6fe16927772009a1501b0a8\">thyroid</span> cartilage</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Both sides of the neck</li>\n<li>Low, at or below the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"799202e6fe16927772009a1501b0a8\">thyroid</span> cartilage</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Direction</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oblique, above downwards, left to right for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b6a887a2721692777197c74cfdb322\">right-handed</span> persons</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Transverse or below upwards</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Number of Wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Multiple (20-30), superficial, parallel, merging with main wound</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Multiple, intersecting at a deep level</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Edges</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ragged due to overlapping <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> incisions</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sharp and clean-cut; beveling may be observed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hesitation Cuts</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wounds in Other Parts</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May include cuts on wrists, groin, thighs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Severe injuries may be present on the head; no wrist wounds</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Defense Wounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent; may have unintentional cuts</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present unless the victim was caught unaware</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hands</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May grasp the weapon firmly due to cadaveric spasm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fragments of clothing or hair from the assailant may be grasped</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weapon at Site</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vessels</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Carotid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a66cd3adaa1692777182e77cb23021\">artery</span> may escape injury</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Jugular <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"75ddd4cc7016927772012e0acd424d\">vein</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8593e48e0416927771834eaedb0bfd\">carotid</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a66cd3adaa1692777182e77cb23021\">artery</span> likely cut</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood Stains</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May show splashing downward on clothes if in front of a mirror</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on both palms from attempts to cover the wound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Circumstantial Evidence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually in quiet places (e.g., bedroom) with possible suicide notes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Scene <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4586eccbe71692777186e577e31829\">disturbance</span> and external footprints may be present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aaoguLyWVnDVFd5zvoUo1739766213.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During an autopsy of a 50-year-old male, the forensic pathologist observes a wound shown in the figure. Which of the following is correct regarding this type of wound?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Shallow at beginning, deeper towards end", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Irregular margins with bruising", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "No significant hemorrhage", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Clean, well-defined edges", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Clean, well-defined edges", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/FD7Nfl2JCvgI2srCsa3e1735879546.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/iUMc2wg3hQ7QmJbspkx11735879627.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tailing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bevelling</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Deeper </strong>at the <strong>beginning </strong>due to greater knife pressure (the <strong>\"head\" </strong>of the wound). <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Becomes shallower toward the exit.<strong> </strong></li>\n<li><strong>Indicating the cutting direction.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A wound created by an <strong>obliquely entering</strong> blade features a beveled margin on one side, and an <strong>undermined </strong>area on the other side.</li>\n<li>Characteristic of<strong> sharp weapons</strong></li>\n<li>Associated with<strong> homicidal injuries.</strong></li>\n<li>Suggest the<strong> positions </strong>of the<strong> assailant</strong> and <strong>victim</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JfxNkJ4vt081sZl1jqcw1739766047.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old male was involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. Upon examination, the direction of the vehicle's movement can be inferred from the orientation of the skin flap, as shown in the image below. What is the most likely type of injury in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Chop wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cut laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stretch laceration", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tear laceration", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Stretch laceration", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/pm3zK3d9s2m3svQTlY8K1735879197.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/MRpvS6ckbALTy88pvH7V1735879259.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Jafji9C1xOk2DPFd4tu81735903646.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of Laceration</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Arun Upreti, Dibya Purush Dhakal, Subarna Paudel, Sagar Bishowkarma, Umesh Ray\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY NC 4.0\" data-source=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ccr3.8535\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"300\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/MRpvS6ckbALTy88pvH7V1735879259.png\" width=\"220\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stretch <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff7e91c542169277719182b4b8b68b\">laceration</span> </strong><strong>(Option C) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Caused by<strong> overstretching of fixed skin</strong>, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fb8df140b1692777191702bbc9358\">localized</span> pressure and tearing, which creates a skin flap</li>\n<li>Commonly seen in <strong>motor vehicle accidents</strong>, with the <strong>skin flap</strong> potentially indicating the <strong>vehicle's direction</strong>.</li>\n<li>Can occur from <strong>kicking</strong> or<strong> bone <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce2b48d83d1692777185427cee6c98\">deformity</span> </strong>after a fracture, leading to compound injuries.</li>\n<li>Results in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> skin and tissue tearing, with a risk of foreign materials entering the wound.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tear lacerations</strong> <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cut Lacerations </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Result from impact with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> or semi-sharp objects (e.g., car door handles, broken glass).</li>\n<li>Characterized by a <strong>deeper starting point</strong> that<strong> tapers off towards the end</strong>, representing another <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> of overstretching.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Produced by<strong> heavy, sharp-edged </strong>instruments (e.g., axes, hatchets).</li>\n<li>Typically, they have abraded margins with bruising, although the term \"cut laceration\" is often considered less precise.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/sJl1h9NJjyTislDmaFL61739765917.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not a cause of injury due to sharp force?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Laceration", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Incision", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stab", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Chop", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Laceration", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:691px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blunt Force Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sharp Force Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Abrasion:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">Superficial</span> damage to the skin (scraping, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ae59957c1692777197359406f6f4\">rubbing</span> off the outer layer).</li>\n<li><strong>Contusion: </strong>Bruise caused by blood vessels rupturing under the skin due to impact.</li>\n<li><strong>Laceration: </strong>Irregular tear in the skin or tissue caused by crushing or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> trauma.</li>\n<li><strong>Fractures/Dislocations:</strong> Breaks or misalignment of bones due to strong <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> impact.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incision: </strong>A clean-cut wound where the length is greater than the depth.</li>\n<li><strong>Stab Wound: </strong>A deep wound where the depth is greater than the length.</li>\n<li><strong>Chop Wound: </strong>A deep wound often associated with underlying fractures caused by heavy-bladed tools like an axe.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bBgAEZoLoC1bO0VStn0b1739284689.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During an autopsy, the forensic pathologist observes an injury on the thigh, which shows irregular edges, bruising, and embedded dirt. On further examination, the deeper tissues show uneven tearing, with visible nerve and blood vessel damage. What type of injury is most consistent with these findings?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound caused by a sharp object.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Laceration caused by blunt force trauma.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Abrasion caused by friction.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Puncture wound from a sharp object.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Laceration caused by blunt force trauma.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/fkKJ6Mx50bUDuHkFLWVR1735878859.png"], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:357px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stellate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Round objects (e.g., hammer).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Crescentic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Objects with edges.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Linear</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Long, thin objects (e.g., pipes)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Irregular/Y-shaped</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flat-surfaced objects</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:508px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Accidental</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on exposed body parts.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Homicidal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on non-accessible areas, typically the head.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Suicidal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rare, usually on exposed parts, on the same side of the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/s0ATPiqS7NNQEIbiLZh41739765609.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences between a bruise and hypostasis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bruises are caused by ruptured vessels, but hypostasis from distension of vessels.", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bruises typically have clearly defined margins, but hypostasis merges with the surrounding area.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Bruises are often seen in the most dependent parts of the body, but hypostasis is only present at the site of injury.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Bruises do not cause elevation of the affected area, while hypostasis may cause swelling.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Bruises are caused by ruptured vessels, but hypostasis from distension of vessels.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:728px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Aspect </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Bruise </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Hypostasis/ <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">Postmortem</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ruptured vessels that may be deep or superficial.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Distension of vessels with blood in the dermis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>At the site of and surrounding the injury.</li>\n<li>May appear anywhere in the body.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Over extensive areas of the most dependant parts.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Appearance</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Swollen.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1f256489a16927771870ddd296574\">elevation</span> of the affected area.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Epidermis </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May be abraded.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not abraded.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Margins </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Merge with the surrounding area.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Clearly defined.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Different colors according to the age of the bruise.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uniform, bluish-purple.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Incision </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Extravasation of blood into surrounding tissues and are firmly clotted.</li>\n<li>Subcutaneous tissues are deep reddish-black.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Blood is seen in blood vessels.</li>\n<li>Subcutaneous tissues are pale.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:553px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Antemortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Postmortem bruise</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Swelling is present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Swelling is absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Epithelium is damaged</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">No epithelial damage</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Extravasation of blood is seen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0c6fefae41692777187c76a6f65f6\">extravasation</span> of blood</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Coagulation is present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Coagulation is absemt</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Tissues are infiltrated with blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Not infiltrated with blood</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Color changes are seen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Uniform color</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Margins merge with the surrounding area</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Margins are sharply demarcated</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Appearance is more marked in victims who survive for sometime</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less marked appearance</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LRsP4uN1T53tnwWR3wnW1739286223.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A medicolegal case of assault is being examined at the emergency with the following contusions. What is the most likely explanation for the appearance of these bruises?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Natural bruises due to physical trauma", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Artificial bruising to falsely accuse someone", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Post-mortem bruising from blood settling", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Bruising due to pre-existing medical condition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Artificial bruising to falsely accuse someone", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/hJWp3SCjxCzBZQPf7N0n1735878514.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/5BC5yFxwbQ4pyoKVf6xg1735878653.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bub5hRtYUoUoDWBZf1hr1735878697.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Artificial bruising </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>True bruising </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>These are bruises created to make a <strong>false charge of assault</strong>.</li>\n<li>They are usually present on <strong>accessible parts </strong>of the body.</li>\n<li>They appear dark brown and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> in shape.</li>\n<li>Redness and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e747a47db616927771908bff4b8931\">inflammation</span> are seen in the surrounding tissues.</li>\n<li>Produced by the juice of a <strong>marking nut </strong>rubbed on the body.</li>\n<li>Well-defined margins with small vesicles.</li>\n<li>Itching is present.</li>\n<li>Other substances used:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Plumbago</li>\n<li>Madar/calotropis</li>\n<li>Semicardium</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Sateesh Kumar Reddy K*, Ushasree P, Shanmuga Kumar SD, Vijay Raghavendra NC and Faheemuddin MD\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.jbclinpharm.org/articles/a-case-report-on-emsemecarpus-anacardiumem-induced-extensive-irritant-contact-dermatitis-4589.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"260\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/5BC5yFxwbQ4pyoKVf6xg1735878653.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The cause of true bruising is <strong>trauma.</strong></li>\n<li>They can be located anywhere in the body.</li>\n<li>They undergo typical color changes.</li>\n<li>Redness and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e747a47db616927771908bff4b8931\">inflammation</span> are seen on the site.</li>\n<li>They are usually round with well-defined, diffuse, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> margins with no vesicles.</li>\n<li>They have extravasated blood as content and are not associated with itching.</li>\n</ul>\n<br/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Michael S. Pollanen\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Patterned-injury-A-Tram-track-bruises-B-Infected-tram-track-injuries-C-Tram-track_fig1_321892226\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"386\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bub5hRtYUoUoDWBZf1hr1735878697.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VJth2FNnpaSaItrz7Eb11746884694.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient with a history of a fall from a bike a day before, comes with the following findings.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spectacle hematoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Grey Turner’s sign", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cullen’s sign", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Battle sign", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Grey Turner’s sign", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/yMNRxkBeHEpWLf5sAsPD1735878316.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ALh2MPXjRxt4GGMlQ2x01739285902.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old man presents with multiple bruises on his body following a fight. Upon examination, the physician notes a specific pattern of bruising on his back as shown: What is this type of bruise called?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Battle sign", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Spectacle hematoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Railway line type", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Automobile tyre pattern", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Railway line type", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/eO86CbrCTXhVTvOKCb1j1735877596.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/fLzRyOUW6dW2rM2MypAC1735877874.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/oN2Q3HYv2Bb1LmnhZxDs1735878023.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/DuKiHNmNrWSozDLK8aK41735877931.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0syntiRjwVlbpURKJaQD1735878184.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:707px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Ectopic/percolated/migratory <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Patterned bruise</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>In deep bruises, blood tracks along the fascial planes and may cause the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> at a different site.</li>\n<li>This is also called <strong>percolated </strong>or <strong>migratory </strong>contusion.</li>\n<li>Examples:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Spectacle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"832849414c1692777188491f77bb5f\">hematoma</span> </strong><strong>(Option B) </strong>around the eyes<strong> </strong>after a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> trauma to the forehead</li>\n<li>Bruise behind the ear due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> known as <strong>Battle sign </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Bruise in thigh due to fractured pelvis</li>\n<li>Bruise around knee due to a kick on calf</li>\n<li><strong>Grey Turner’s sign:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da90d73b6d1692777186b0406006d3\">Ecchymosis</span> seen over the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"316968b3e116927772021379938005\">flank</span> or side of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ac388c59831692777180f5a8e12913\">abdomen</span> due to extensive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d0f37715816927771973ecda21336\">retroperitoneal</span> hemorrhage.<br/>\n\t\t\t\t\tTakes 24-48 hours to develop</li>\n<li><strong>Cullen’s sign:</strong> Bluish-black discoloration of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2e0d79656169277719549ef5b484e\">periumbilical</span> skin due to extensive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d0f37715816927771973ecda21336\">retroperitoneal</span> or intraabdominal bleeding.<br/>\n\t\t\t\t\tCauses can be ruptured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0decefe0901692777186f7f3f89b2a\">ectopic</span> pregnancy or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> pancreatitis</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The shape and size of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> resemble a part of the object that caused it.</li>\n<li>Shapes of bruises by different weapons:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>A <strong>solid body </strong>like a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72db2f68b616927771880970425404\">hammer</span> or fist causes <strong>round </strong>bruises</li>\n<li>A <strong>doughnut <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> </strong>due to objects like a cricket ball</li>\n<li>A <strong>rod</strong>, <strong>stick</strong>, or <strong>whip </strong>leads to two parallel, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d02067c4b51692777191b8eec8b062\">linear</span> hemorrhages with normal skin in between known as <strong>railway line or tram line bruises</strong><strong> </strong></li>\n<li>Blows from a whip are elongated and partially encircle a limb or the body</li>\n<li><strong>Tire patterns </strong>from an automobile accident <strong>(Option D) </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Erik Streb \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise#/media/File:Blaues_und_rotes_Auge_nach_Fu%C3%9Ftritt_ins_Gesicht_(Ausschnitt).jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"264\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/fLzRyOUW6dW2rM2MypAC1735877874.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"S Bhimji MD\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537104/figure/article-18169.image.f1/\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"264\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/oN2Q3HYv2Bb1LmnhZxDs1735878023.png\" width=\"209\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Rajashekar Mohan\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Patterned-bruising-caused-by-an-automobile-tyre%3A-an-Mohan/6d296d23b9088f4e685d815a91713e8683327bc0/figure/1\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"264\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/DuKiHNmNrWSozDLK8aK41735877931.png\" width=\"370\"/></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Michael S. Pollanen\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Patterned-injury-A-Tram-track-bruises-B-Infected-tram-track-injuries-C-Tram-track_fig1_321892226\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"264\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/0syntiRjwVlbpURKJaQD1735878184.png\" width=\"342\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/CTuqGb8VLzDGvp37UzKE1746884471.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a bruise on her thigh after bumping into a table. The bruise is noted to be blue. Upon further examination, she mentions that she noticed the bruise about a day ago. What is the most likely age of the bruise based on its current color?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Day 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "5 to 6 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Few hours to 3 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "2 weeks", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Few hours to 3 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:491px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Color of bruise</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Age of bruise</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Red (oxygenated blood)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fresh bruise/ <strong>1-2 hours </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Blue</strong> (deoxyhemoglobin)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A few hours to 3 days</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Bluish-black to brown (hemosiderin)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>4th </strong>day <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Greenish (haematoidin/biliverdin)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>5 </strong>to <strong>6 </strong>days <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Yellow (bilirubin)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>7 </strong>to <strong>12 </strong>days</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Normal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>2 </strong>weeks <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/yOBZ756fv8noKcLlzCtk1739285623.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 75-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after a fall. She gives a history of landing on her buttocks, where she has developed bruises. Which factor is NOT likely influencing the formation of her bruises?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Age", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Gender", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Color of skin", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gravity shifting of blood", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Color of skin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/geqq2w2KOzsYvjCYiI591735877342.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/eNhcHGvfjpLZsN4d7r1S1735877421.png"], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Factor</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Effect</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Age (Option A ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td>Older individuals have more fragile blood vessels and thinner skin → easier bruising</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Gender (Option B ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td>Women tend to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> more easily due to hormonal differences and less <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> fat</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Gravity shifting of blood (Option D ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td>Blood from injured vessels can track down with gravity, affecting <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> location</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Color of skin</strong></td>\n<td><strong>Does not affect <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> formation</strong>; may only influence <strong>visual perception</strong> of the bruise</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pmt9mrgG9TOBKseV1Usw1746884388.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between postmortem and antemortem abrasions?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Antemortem abrasions are yellowish-white or pale, whereas postmortem abrasions are reddish-brown to dark brown in color.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Postmortem abrasions are typically found on bony prominences, while antemortem abrasions can occur on any part of the body.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Congestion is definitive of postmortem abrasions.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Both postmortem and antemortem abrasions exhibit bleeding with clot formation.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Postmortem abrasions are typically found on bony prominences, while antemortem abrasions can occur on any part of the body.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/91EGLNQPI0KxsExSIrd11735877090.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/x7oiujPiV1RqJIlzNpYl1735877192.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:651px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Postmortem Abrasion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Antemortem Abrasion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Image</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-color:#000000; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; text-align:center; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D., Serenella Serinelli M.D., Ponni Arunkumar, M.D. and Luigi Bonaccorso, M.D.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsbluntforce.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"246\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/91EGLNQPI0KxsExSIrd11735877090.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-color:#000000; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; text-align:center; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Berteun \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Open access\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_%28medicine%29#/media/File:Abrasion_on_hand_20050906.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"234\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/x7oiujPiV1RqJIlzNpYl1735877192.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Intra-vital reaction or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2dd9736fdf16927771849f5a925f7d\">congestion</span> </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Site </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Typically found on bony prominences</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Can occur on any part of the body</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Color of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Yellowish-white or pale</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Reddish-brown to dark brown</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Scab formation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Absent or minimal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Present and well-formed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Exudates</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Less or absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Increased (due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d21dd5d3116927771907405b181bc\">inflammatory</span> reaction)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Elevation (Scab)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Less raised</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">More raised due to active healing</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Bleeding/ Color changes</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">No active bleeding</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Active <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e0b40993316927771844dbf382689\">clot</span> formation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Healing process</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9cf83937931692777188a014337dcf\">healing</span> process</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Healing starts with inflammation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LsW9oR2yZr1cAZkVu8pO1739285375.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male is being evaluated for injuries as part of a medico-legal case. During the examination, an abrasion wound is noted to be brown in color. Based on the appearance of the wound, what is the most likely time since the injury occurred?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "12-24 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "2-3 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "4-5 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "6-7 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 4-5 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/t79jkLsnUDMmKmwYwWaP1735876977.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:630px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Multiple Lines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Indicate the endpoint of the abrasion.</li>\n<li>Reflect the direction of the applied force.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Uneven and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba18aa5e616927771918a45051a40\">Longitudinal</span> Lines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Show <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"01e6fc8ce01692777190444b00e46f\">irregularity</span> at the end of the abrasion.</li>\n<li>Suggest pulling or scraping of the skin.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heaped-up or Aggregated Lines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Also known as <strong>Epithelial tags (Terminal tags)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/t79jkLsnUDMmKmwYwWaP1735876977.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skin tissues dragged opposite to the force direction.</li>\n<li>Point toward the end of the abrasion, indicating the force direction</li>\n<li>E.g., tags heaped at the right end, if the force was left to right.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:613px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Time Post-Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Scab Color</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Before 12 hours</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">No scab</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Exudate is still fluid and not yet dried.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>12-24 hours</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Bright red</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Fresh blood and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2df02c8a091692777187db6df500a1\">exudate</span> are present.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>2-3 days</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Reddish-brown</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Scab darkens, indicating it is ageing.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>4-5 days</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Brown</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Scab continues to darken, turning brown.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>6-7 days</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Black</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Scab becomes black, marking the late stage of healing.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>After 7 days</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Falls off</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Scab typically falls off after this period.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/AbYe5lMtaMiuhwF2bX5H1739285243.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements is correct regarding the forensic findings given in the following image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pressure abrasion marks are always superficial and heal without scarring.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Continuous vertical force can cause damage to both the epidermis and underlying structures.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ligature marks caused by hanging do not show epidermal crushing.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Abrasions from strangulation are typically caused by horizontal shearing forces.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Continuous vertical force can cause damage to both the epidermis and underlying structures.", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/KjNvifcapNzPBRh21rly1735875790.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/TBvwas5fN3gLXkj9Etx71735875872.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/iWf86DGRQF6YcWZWwV0a1739285104.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old man was involved in a road traffic accident and presented with abrasion marks visible on his body. The abrasion pattern appears consistent with a distinct type of injury mechanism. Based on the image provided, what type of abrasion is most likely in this scenario?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Linear Abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Grazed Abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Imprint Abrasion", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pressure Abrasion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Imprint Abrasion", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/zwG5PIwGM6xxY1c2affo1735874920.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/VeGzrMrWvVc5XhUGxaxY1735875533.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/mMaBrj0TjwFqTZn34uHm1735875164.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7nCatwxoteDNddwBOWOh1735875246.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/U46MDg90wVMia8vxAbjj1735875311.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/gDf08K9amUEhpBQt4spJ1735875382.png"], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:613px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Scratch <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Linear Abrasion) (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Grazed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Sliding Abrasion) (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Caused by tangential (side-to-side) force, producing a long and narrow abrasion.</li>\n<li><strong>Features: </strong>Linear in nature, with length being more significant than width.</li>\n<li><strong>Examples: </strong>Fingernail abrasion, thorn abrasion, and pin abrasion.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"StatPearls\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554465/figure/article-17040.image.f4/\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"451\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/mMaBrj0TjwFqTZn34uHm1735875164.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Occurs when skin slides over a rough surface, resulting in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> scrapes.</li>\n<li><strong>Also Known As: </strong>Grinding abrasion, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"22e63cd2071692777188c06d1efab0\">gravel</span> rash, brush-burn.</li>\n<li><strong>Features:</strong> Seen in road traffic accidents or falls, especially on exposed areas like knees or elbows.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Maksim \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Open Access\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wound_abrasion_arm.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"143\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/7nCatwxoteDNddwBOWOh1735875246.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Imprint <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Patterned Abrasion) (Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Pressure <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Crushing Abrasion) (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Results from compressive force applied perpendicular to the skin, leaving a distinct pattern of the object.</li>\n<li><strong>Also Known As </strong>Impact abrasion, contact abrasion, patterned abrasion.</li>\n<li><strong>Examples: </strong>Tyre marks, bite marks.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Rajashekar Mohan\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Patterned-bruising-caused-by-an-automobile-tyre%3A-an-Mohan/6d296d23b9088f4e685d815a91713e8683327bc0\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"227\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/U46MDg90wVMia8vxAbjj1735875311.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Caused by a continuous vertical force applied to the skin, crushing the epidermis.</li>\n<li><strong>Features: </strong>Deeper skin injuries are often seen with prolonged pressure, potentially leading to necrosis.</li>\n<li><strong>Examples: </strong>Ligature marks in hanging or strangulation</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ateriya, Navneet &amp; Saraf, Ashish &amp; Kanchan, Tanuj &amp; Shekhawat, Raghvendra\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-b-Ligature-mark-in-the-female-and-male-victims-respectively_fig2_329103244\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"254\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/gDf08K9amUEhpBQt4spJ1735875382.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aUwUuwwB67MU9KaliwqU1739284904.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 34 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "What type of fracture is caused by a hammer?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Linear", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Depressed", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hinge", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Ring", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Depressed", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bZqZU4kPstHOAgba90XF1741020348.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RyC56O6y7ZFNKTZNOpmc1741020371.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/AxrL1f5Jnge8uwJaKwEq1741020387.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WNAZ3uG1DO9A5v71GkVm1741088606.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1u8fzyTQMsjWOfqoQdTy1741020421.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ueUoY1kWMFjsUp6qAVDH1741020451.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KEE9YBQeaP5iIUt2Yb9N1741020471.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Depressed Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Comminuted Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gutter Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Occurs when a fragment of the skull is pushed inward towards the brain.</li>\n<li>Caused by blows from heavy objects with a small surface (e.g., hammers, bricks).</li>\n<li>The shape of the depressed area may resemble the object that caused the injury.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Variants:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Elevated Fracture</u>: One end of the fractured fragment is raised above the skull, while the other is pushed inward. Caused by sharp objects like an axe.</li>\n<li><u>Pond Fracture</u>: Seen in infants, this smooth depression occurs without a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line, resembling <strong>a dent in a ping-pong ball.</strong> Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9427862c811692777194034ade4877\">obstetrics</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c01b366a9c1692777203ef77069d2c\">forceps</span> blade.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves multiple intersecting <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> lines, breaking the bone into several fragments.</li>\n<li>Caused by high-impact trauma (e.g., vehicular accidents, crushing injuries).</li>\n<li>It may occur alongside other fractures (e.g., fissured or depressed fractures).</li>\n<li>Spider web-like patterns on an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fd0c8ab494169277720227102dc79a\">X-ray</span> are characteristic of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c8512bb5d169277718470669bd36e\">comminuted</span> fractures.</li>\n<li>In severe cases, bone fragments may penetrate the brain or become displaced.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21ee3a5f911692777188099a3310c4\">groove</span> or channel is formed in the skull bone, often due to <strong>an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd88c7c9741692777194fe0cc9abaa\">oblique</span> bullet wound. </strong></li>\n<li>Frequently associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c8512bb5d169277718470669bd36e\">comminuted</span> and depressed fractures of the inner skull table.</li>\n<li>Bone fragments can cause injury to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f171f7433d1692777192c344425c41\">meninges</span> or brain.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"785\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/bZqZU4kPstHOAgba90XF1741020348.png\" width=\"140\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Depressed fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1600\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/RyC56O6y7ZFNKTZNOpmc1741020371.png\" width=\"509\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Comminuted fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1600\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/AxrL1f5Jnge8uwJaKwEq1741020387.png\" width=\"1600\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Gutter fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ring Fracture</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Motorcyclist <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Hinge Fracture)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encircles the <strong>foramen magnum</strong> at the skull base.</li>\n<li>Runs from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02db2e09e91692777198e14771cb3b\">sella</span> turcica to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridges and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> fossa.</li>\n<li>It can extend to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> and roof of the nose.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Transverse <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> at the skull base, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"073b3993a6169277719966873c2515\">splitting</span> it and creating a <strong>\"hinge\" - nodding face sign</strong><strong>.</strong></li>\n<li>It extends from one <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridge across the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02db2e09e91692777198e14771cb3b\">sella</span> turcica to the other <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridge.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Caused by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Falls landing on feet/buttocks (force transmitted through the spine).</li>\n<li>Heavy blows to the top of the skull/ vertex.</li>\n<li>Twisting of the head on the spine.</li>\n<li>Blows to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4214cf5bc1692777194bd76243b92\">occiput</span> or chin.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often caused by <strong>side impacts</strong>.</p>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1572\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/WNAZ3uG1DO9A5v71GkVm1741088606.png\" width=\"404\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Ring fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"550\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/1u8fzyTQMsjWOfqoQdTy1741020421.png\" width=\"393\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Hinge fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fissured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Linear Fracture)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong><strong> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diastatic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Sutural Fracture) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The most common skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> accounts for about 70% of cases.</li>\n<li>Linear cracks may involve the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47effe8b551692777201331142edf5\">vertex</span> or skull base. It can affect the full <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"facd67f6341692777200653d383689\">thickness</span> of the bone or just the inner/outer layers.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> and fine, sometimes hard to detect on X-rays. It runs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"635a7ea50e16927771944f08f17aed\">parallel</span> to the compressive force.</li>\n<li>No depression of bone fragments.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves the separation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b7b5460171692777185e6e2475f8c\">cranial</span> sutures.</li>\n<li>More common in children.</li>\n<li>Often occurs with other skull fractures, especially fissured fractures.</li>\n<li>Commonly seen at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862a709fba1692777198c35e274398\">sagittal</span> suture.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><u>Causes:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Impact against broad surfaces (e.g., falls or road traffic accidents)</li>\n<li>Falls on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> or buttocks, transmitting force upwards.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><u>Causes:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blunt trauma to the head.</li>\n<li><strong>Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cd42e0ddad1692777190d18c595ec5\">intracranial</span> pressure leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">suture</span> separation.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"326\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ueUoY1kWMFjsUp6qAVDH1741020451.png\" width=\"537\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Narrow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2af124a931692777203c9f8031b77\">fissure</span> skull fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"329\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/KEE9YBQeaP5iIUt2Yb9N1741020471.png\" width=\"202\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Diastatic Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A dead body was found with a wound on the neck, with clean-cut edges, crushed tissues along with the disruption of the vertebral bones.Identify the type of wound.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Chop wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lacerated wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Avulsion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Chop wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/zCGr5vPSuYDQ6aoxtc2s1747122063.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 12-year-old boy presents with an injury sustained during a football match after being tackled by an opponent. As the casualty medical officer, how would you describe the wound in the case sheet?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Laceration", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Bruise", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Laceration", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/RECAT9OUvOC2zLjXVbTo1746452891.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/du52T7lMUJx47f3D0PyK1745482880.png"], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stellate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Round objects (e.g., hammer).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Crescentic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Objects with edges.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Linear</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Long, thin objects (e.g., pipes)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Irregular/Y-shaped</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flat-surfaced objects</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Accidental</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on exposed body parts.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Homicidal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Found on non-accessible areas, typically the head.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Suicidal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rare, usually on exposed parts, on the same side of the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A middle-aged man was brought to the ER after an assault with a sharp axe. Identify the type of wound.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Chop wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lacerated wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Chop wound", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/ADEGZ6EY12amFNf2aRk01746452791.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/A5VqT59f2ag6OmLHDjzm1745482654.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5FYhAyfIhAGh6Cg4jndt1745482669.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Chop wounds/ Slash wounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>These are deep gaping wounds inflicted by a blow with the moderately sharp <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"68598f613b16927771853d5009f3da\">cutting edge</span> of a heavy weapon when applied with significant force.</li>\n<li>It is a combination of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> and sharp force injury.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weapons used </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hatchet</li>\n<li>Axe</li>\n<li>Sword</li>\n<li>Broad heavy knife</li>\n<li>Chopper</li>\n<li>Saber</li>\n<li>Meat cleaver</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features of the wound</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The axe's lower end (heel) strikes first, leaving a deeper wound than the upper end (toe).</li>\n<li>It is an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e924e3cb169277719021021fc6d2\">incised</span> wound on skin with an underlying communited <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> or deep grove in the bone.</li>\n<li>Dimensions of the wound correspond to the cross-section of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55b31d659b16927771958a15837b10\">penetrating</span> blade.</li>\n<li>Margins are sharp and may have abrasions, bruising, and some lacerations with severe injury to underlying organs.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicolegal importance </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Most injuries are homicidal.</li>\n<li>Frew are <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> by machinery (propeller injuries).</li>\n<li>Rarely suicidal.</li>\n<li>Wounds give details of the weapon used and the direction of attack.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A man was working in a field and he suddenly collapsed on a hot summer afternoon. On examination, there were no physical signs of dehydration. His serum electrolyte level was normal. The doctor found that the body temperature was 106 degrees Fahrenheit. Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be seen in this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hot skin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hypotension", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sweating", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Disorientation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Sweating", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/kUhNKlkYQW5fMTGztv5M1745478907.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Sweating</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Stroke</p>\n<p> </p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Failure of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f36a7c49d116927772002856c83dc1\">thermoregulation</span> in extreme heat exposure</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sudden collapse-loss of consciousness, due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9402185d4b1692777189cb62891ff1\">hypotension</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Skin hot, initially wet, then dry <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Hyperventilation- tachycardia</li>\n<li><strong>Core temp &gt; 40.5°C/104 F</strong></li>\n<li>Pupils contracted</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Unconsciousness</li>\n<li>Cerebral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3662597407169277718640a12868f5\">dysfunction</span> <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>High fever</li>\n<li>Absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fab5233721692777199fc0bcd1210\">sweating</span> <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Congested lungs, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09d1aa62351692777190c98d0dbb12\">intrathoracic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> (children)</li>\n<li>Subendocardial hemorrhages</li>\n<li>Brain congestion, flattened convolutions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> in the 3rd/4th <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> walls</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the lesion shown in the image below:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Laceration-looking incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Incised looking laceration", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Incised looking laceration", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/eot481DdxD8mmR2iotl91746452662.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/6LdbFmSRnqD87s8zycgQ1745478547.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/nJ2LTOhHoG6b0JvSJTMl1745478561.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e924e3cb169277719021021fc6d2\"&gt;Incised&lt;/span&gt; looking laceration</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Types of Laceration</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mittal, Pawan &amp; Sharma, Balraj &amp; Mittal, Nancy.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Split-laceration-triradiate-over-vertex-of-the-scalp-with-surrounding-cylindrical_fig14_369824161\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"254\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/6LdbFmSRnqD87s8zycgQ1745478547.png\" width=\"245\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Split <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff7e91c542169277719182b4b8b68b\">Laceration</span> (Incised looking laceration)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>These occur when skin is crushed between two objects, such as the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"038a2a2fd4169277719894dc7db4bb\">scalp</span> being compressed between the skull and a hard surface like the ground or a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> object.</li>\n<li>Seen on areas where the skin is close to bone, with minimal underlying tissue</li>\n<li>E.g., scalp, eyebrows, cheekbones, jaw, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"837bfc230c16927771892ece07f94b\">iliac</span> crest, perineum, shin.</li>\n<li>Lacerations without excessive skin crushing can have sharp edges, resembling <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e924e3cb169277719021021fc6d2\">incised</span> wounds.</li>\n<li>Also known as <strong>incised looking laceration.</strong></li>\n<li>These are not undermined and show tissue bridges.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Avulsion (Shearing Laceration)</p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lim, Hyoseob &amp; Han, Dae &amp; Lee, Il &amp; Park, Myong.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Case-2-preoperative-and-postoperative-photographs-A-An-avulsion-flap-injury-was-noted_fig3_261070181\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"233\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/nJ2LTOhHoG6b0JvSJTMl1745478561.png\" width=\"406\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Caused by a shearing force at an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> angle, detaching skin or organs from their attachments.</li>\n<li>The shearing and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c41ecd26ef1692777188314b57b1ff\">grinding</span> force from a heavy object, like a lorry wheel passing over a limb, can cause the skin to separate from the underlying tissues, a condition known as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"954dd74f031692777182664659765f\">avulsion</span> or \"flaying.\"</li>\n<li>This often results in crushed muscles and fractured bones. The detached skin may have extensive abrasions due to the tyre’s friction, but one portion is still in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17e718612e1692777185f79acb759b\">continuity</span> with adjacent skin.</li>\n<li>Lacerations from shearing forces can leave the skin intact while separating the underlying soft tissue from the fascia, resulting in a blood-filled pocket. This type of injury is often observed on the back of the thighs in pedestrians hit by motor vehicles.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Name the type of skull fracture.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Depressed fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hinge fracture", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pond fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Ring fracture", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hinge fracture", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/QMNHxKyHyRa20dfiKJzC1747045917.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/Kih2a19RUoT5xoSsQ4EL1747045978.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/fBTXtV2tZfgL0JRTfzUn1747046020.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/FATmU9m8D4Q4IOe0qAjI1747046069.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Motorcyclist <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Hinge Fracture)</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Ring <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Transverse <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> at the skull base, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"073b3993a6169277719966873c2515\">splitting</span> it and creating a <strong>\"hinge\" - nodding face sign</strong><strong>.</strong></li>\n<li>It extends from one <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridge across the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02db2e09e91692777198e14771cb3b\">sella</span> turcica to the other <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridge.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encircles the <strong>foramen magnum</strong> at the skull base.</li>\n<li>Runs from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02db2e09e91692777198e14771cb3b\">sella</span> turcica to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridges and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> fossa.</li>\n<li>It can extend to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> and roof of the nose.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often caused by <strong>side impacts</strong>.</p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Caused by:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Falls landing on feet/buttocks (force transmitted through the spine).</li>\n<li>Heavy blows to the top of the skull/ vertex.</li>\n<li>Twisting of the head on the spine.</li>\n<li>Blows to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4214cf5bc1692777194bd76243b92\">occiput</span> or chin.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"Motorcyclist \" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"12533\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/Kih2a19RUoT5xoSsQ4EL1747045978.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Hinge fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"fracture \" data-author=\"Didier Descouens \" data-hash=\"12534\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_magnum#/media/File:Crane4_Foramen_magnum.png\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/fBTXtV2tZfgL0JRTfzUn1747046020.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Ring fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:598px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Depressed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Occurs when a fragment of the skull is pushed inward towards the brain.</li>\n<li>Caused by blows from heavy objects with a small surface (e.g., hammers, bricks).</li>\n<li>The shape of the depressed area may resemble the object that caused the injury.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Variants:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Elevated Fracture</u>: One end of the fractured fragment is raised above the skull, while the other is pushed inward. Caused by sharp objects like an axe.</li>\n<li><u>Pond Fracture</u>: Seen in infants, this smooth depression occurs without a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line, resembling <strong>a dent in a ping-pong ball.</strong> Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9427862c811692777194034ade4877\">obstetrics</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c01b366a9c1692777203ef77069d2c\">forceps</span> blade.<strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\" Depressed Skull Fracture\" data-author=\"National Institutes of Health, Health &amp; Human Services - New York City Medical Examiner's Collection, National Museum of Health and Medicine, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. (SU535A) ; Upma Suneja, S. Prokhorov, S. Kandi, B. Rajegowda (SU535B)\" data-hash=\"12536\" data-license=\"Open Access\" data-source=\"Depressed skull fracture - Skull fracture - Wikipedia, https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Depressed-Skull-Fracture-in-a-Term-Newborn-Infant-Suneja-Prokhorov/f037b4882b53279c5fbcab45cbdde8e74cf145b9 (SU535A); https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Depressed-Skull-Fracture-in-a-Term-Newborn-Infant-Suneja-Prokhorov/f037b4882b53279c5fbcab45cbdde8e74cf145b9 (SU535B)\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/FATmU9m8D4Q4IOe0qAjI1747046069.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Depressed fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the injury the image below :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Bruise", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Imprint", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Abrasion", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/gVC8KH3SryYKuZFruJMO1747045386.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/5KjtzqOUyxBmSWd9sGs01747045430.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/gVC8KH3SryYKuZFruJMO1747045386.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/E3LJFWwI5CKetun85b3o1747045501.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/iDRHhBHvtkPIFvp6BeIJ1747045554.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/1INyiAdKKviAKzll6hOp1747045726.jpg", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/2qO9lRZw9IZ8jEpRH6rE1747045782.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:613px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Scratch <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Linear Abrasion)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Grazed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Sliding Abrasion)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Caused by tangential (side-to-side) force, producing a long and narrow abrasion.</p>\n<p><strong>Features: </strong>Linear in nature, with length being more significant than width.</p>\n<p><strong>Examples: </strong>Fingernail abrasion, thorn abrasion, and pin abrasion.</p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"Abrasion\" data-author=\"StatPearls\" data-hash=\"12522\" data-license=\"CC BY NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554465/figure/article-17040.image.f4/\" data-tags=\"May2025\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/gVC8KH3SryYKuZFruJMO1747045386.png\" width=\"225\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Occurs when skin slides over a rough surface, resulting in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> scrapes.</p>\n<p><strong>Also Known As: </strong>Grinding abrasion, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"22e63cd2071692777188c06d1efab0\">gravel</span> rash, brush-burn.</p>\n<p><strong>Features:</strong> Seen in road traffic accidents or falls, especially on exposed areas like knees or elbows.</p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"Abrasion\" data-author=\"Maksim \" data-hash=\"12524\" data-license=\"Open access\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wound_abrasion_arm.jpg\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/E3LJFWwI5CKetun85b3o1747045501.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:296px\">\n<p><strong>Imprint <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Patterned Abrasion)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:317px\">\n<p><strong>Pressure <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">Abrasion</span> (Crushing Abrasion)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Results from compressive force applied perpendicular to the skin, leaving a distinct pattern of the object.</p>\n<p><strong>Also Known As </strong>Impact abrasion, contact abrasion, patterned abrasion.</p>\n<p><strong>Examples: </strong>Tyre marks, bite marks</p>\n<p> </p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"Abrasion\" data-author=\"Rajashekar Mohan\" data-hash=\"12527\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Patterned-bruising-caused-by-an-automobile-tyre%3A-an-Mohan/6d296d23b9088f4e685d815a91713e8683327bc0\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/iDRHhBHvtkPIFvp6BeIJ1747045554.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Caused by a continuous vertical force applied to the skin, crushing the epidermis.</p>\n<p><strong>Features: </strong>Deeper skin injuries are often seen with prolonged pressure, potentially leading to necrosis.</p>\n<p><strong>Examples: </strong>Ligature marks in hanging or strangulation</p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"Abrasion\" data-author=\"Ateriya, Navneet &amp; Saraf, Ashish &amp; Kanchan, Tanuj &amp; Shekhawat, Raghvendra\" data-hash=\"12528\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-b-Ligature-mark-in-the-female-and-male-victims-respectively_fig2_329103244\" data-tags=\"May2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/1INyiAdKKviAKzll6hOp1747045726.jpg\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:630px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Multiple Lines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Indicate the endpoint of the abrasion.</li>\n<li>Reflect the direction of the applied force.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Uneven and Longitudinal Lines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Show <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"01e6fc8ce01692777190444b00e46f\">irregularity</span> at the end of the abrasion.</li>\n<li>Suggest pulling or scraping of the skin.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top; width:168px\">\n<p><strong>Heaped-up or Aggregated Lines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Also known as <strong>Epithelial tags (Terminal tags)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"lines\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"12530\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"May2025\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/2qO9lRZw9IZ8jEpRH6rE1747045782.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li>Skin tissues dragged opposite to the force direction.</li>\n<li>Point toward the end of the abrasion, indicating the force direction</li>\n<li>(e.g., tags heaped at the right end, if the force was left to right).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Paradoxical undressing is seen in :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Heart stress", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypothermia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "LSD overdose", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hypothermia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Hypothermia</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Core temperature below 36°C (96.8°F)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Disorientation</li>\n<li>Dulling of consciousness</li>\n<li>Loss of reflex</li>\n<li>Fall in respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure</li>\n<li>Red patches and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd5d862f051692777194647422e1c9\">pallor</span> of the skin</li>\n<li>Edema of the face</li>\n<li>Stiffness of neck muscles</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Patches of pink to brownish-pink discoloration</li>\n<li>Postmortem staining: Pink/bright red</li>\n<li>Cyanosis or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd5d862f051692777194647422e1c9\">pallor</span> in extremities (\"white deaths\")</li>\n<li>Edema of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> and blistering of skin</li>\n<li>Stomach: <strong>Wischnewsky spots-</strong>brownish black colored <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> mucosal ulcers</li>\n<li>Viscera-congested, hemorrhagic</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenomena seen in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9723be730516927771896878ec012a\">hypothermia</span> victims </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paradoxical undressing</strong>- found undressed due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40f8eaa3d01692777186cb3e1d6c69\">disorientation</span> which increases heat loss (mistaken for evidence of sexual assault or homicide)</li>\n<li><strong>‘Hide and die' syndrome</strong>- found in unusual locations resembling an attempt to \"hide\" or create a protective environment due to mental confusion and a possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1a81a16ea1692777189d07f12fbc3\">hibernation</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">reflex</span> (confused with signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d99c0d93d1692777189a9b55f0c3f\">homicide</span> or robbery)</li>\n<li><strong>Chilblain (Erythema Pernio)</strong>- red, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f179d376f16927771905338bc9387\">itching</span> skin lesions typically found on extremities due to cold exposure, often accompanied by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18b452e75916927771864c9ad533e1\">edema</span> and blistering.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Post-mortem examination reveals specific findings. What is this finding known as?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hesitation cuts", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Grazed abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Patterned bruise", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Hesitation cuts", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/hyySvNNEdUmO3ycjoC191745298772.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/hyySvNNEdUmO3ycjoC191745298772.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The image provided shows a wound. What type of wound is it?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Contusion", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Stab wound", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Contusion", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/7Co2kbWf8lPDefqB6v2e1745385885.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/pVMGAHoGWU8yWEsZRGx51745385927.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/7Co2kbWf8lPDefqB6v2e1745385885.png"], "explanation": "<p><strong>Educational Objective:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>➤ Learning Objective:</li><li>➤ Medicolegal importance of bruises:</li><li>➤ Medicolegal importance of bruises:</li><li>➤ Reexamination after 24 hours is advisable as the bruises appear clearly by this time. Age of injury is determined by color changes. The degree of violence is evaluated by their size. Patterned bruises give details about the object/weapon used . A bruise is grievous when the internal organs are affected. Fabricated bruises are used to falsely accuse someone or in defense of a crime. Postmortem staining should be differentiated from a bruise. Character and manner of injury may be known from the distribution of bruises (six penny bruises from the force of fingertips).</li><li>➤ Reexamination after 24 hours is advisable as the bruises appear clearly by this time.</li><li>➤ Age of injury is determined by color changes.</li><li>➤ The degree of violence is evaluated by their size.</li><li>➤ The degree of violence</li><li>➤ Patterned bruises give details about the object/weapon used .</li><li>➤ object/weapon used</li><li>➤ A bruise is grievous when the internal organs are affected.</li><li>➤ Fabricated bruises are used to falsely accuse someone or in defense of a crime.</li><li>➤ Fabricated bruises</li><li>➤ Postmortem staining should be differentiated from a bruise.</li><li>➤ Character and manner of injury may be known from the distribution of bruises (six penny bruises from the force of fingertips).</li><li>➤ Character and manner of injury</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism of injury of contusions </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87fe0f103316927771851931d55a3a\">contusion</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> is a leak of blood into the tissues due to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> of blood vessels (veins, venules, arterioles) caused due to injury by a <strong>blunt object.</strong></li>\n<li>Some <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> objects that can cause contusions are fist, stones, sticks, bar, whip, hammer, axe, wooden handle, poker, foot with shoe or boot, etc.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Factors influencing the formation of bruises</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition and type of tissues</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Vascular and loose tissues may <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> large bruises even with a small degree of violence.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Examples: face, vulva, and scrotum.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Firm <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d6dfa73b316927772028f3cd60f7f\">fibrous</span> tissues, strongly supported tissues, and those covered by a thick <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"521e76df7d1692777186faf836b3f8\">dermis</span> produce a comparatively small <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> for moderate trauma.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Examples: abdomen, back, scalp, palms, and soles.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Injury of tissues over bony surfaces shows prominent bruising.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Age </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Children </strong>bruise easily.</li>\n<li><strong>Older people </strong>bruise easily.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gender </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Women <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> more easily </strong>than men.</li>\n<li>Obese people <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b51ee41cac1692777183b6456a139a\">bruise</span> easily due to the high volume of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> tissue.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Colour of the skin </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Bruising is more easily visible in fair-skinned people than in dark-skinned people.</li>\n<li>Contusions are better felt in dark-skinned people than seen.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Natural diseases </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Prominent bruising is seen with minor trauma in patients with:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Arteriosclerosis</li>\n<li>Whooping <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f02e74e821692777185a0c005c508\">cough</span> in children due to violent coughing can cause bruising</li>\n<li>Purpura hemorrhagica</li>\n<li>Leukemia</li>\n<li>Hemophilia</li>\n<li>Scurvy</li>\n<li>Vitamin K</li>\n<li>Prothrombin deficiency</li>\n<li>Phosphorus poisoning</li>\n<li>Older persons on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f2e7fd96116927771995b451b5c90\">systemic</span> steroids</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gravity shifting of the blood </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>In deep bruises, blood tracks<strong> along the fascial planes</strong> and may cause the <strong>bruise at a different site.</strong></li>\n<li>This is called <strong>ectopic bruising </strong>or <strong>percolated </strong>or <strong>migratory contusion</strong>.</li>\n<li>Examples:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Spectacle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"832849414c1692777188491f77bb5f\">hematoma</span> or <strong>black eye</strong> in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> trauma to the forehead.</li>\n<li>Bruise behind ear due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> (<strong>Battle’s</strong> <strong>sign</strong>).</li>\n<li>Bruise in the neck from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> of the jaw.</li>\n<li>Bruise around the ankle from a kick on the calf.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"vevw\" data-author=\"S Bhimji MD\" data-hash=\"11117\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537104/figure/article-18169.image.f1/\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/pVMGAHoGWU8yWEsZRGx51745385927.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"egvwvw\" data-author=\"M. NigamD. SaxenaP. MishraJ. Tomar\" data-hash=\"11116\" data-license=\"CC BY NC SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Assessment-of-the-age-of-bruise-by-their-healing-Nigam-Saxena/c340c9622313b2f31d93bb335e50c7275db430d6/figure/5\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/7Co2kbWf8lPDefqB6v2e1745385885.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the pattern of abrasion shown in the image below.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pressure abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Graze abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ligature mark", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Imprint abrasion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Ligature mark", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/iALp07NNcspJgTdq3VSs1745384784.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/TQbTMCFRId4vfuEECiTM1745384813.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/notes/ShPK35DCdrif9mCt0dYD1745384834.png"], "explanation": "<p><strong>Educational Objective:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>➤ Learning Objective:</li><li>➤ Postmortem Abrasion Vs Antemortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Postmortem Abrasion Vs Antemortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Feature Postmortem Abrasion Antemortem Abrasion Image {{caption_text}} {{caption_text}} Intra-vital reaction or congestion Absent Present Site Typically found on bony prominences Can occur on any part of the body Color of abrasion Yellowish-white or pale Reddish-brown to dark brown Scab formation Absent or minimal Present and well-formed Exudates Less or absent Increased (due to inflammatory reaction) Elevation (Scab) Less raised More raised due to active healing Bleeding/ Color changes No active bleeding Active bleeding with clot formation Healing process No healing process Healing starts with inflammation</li><li>➤ Feature Postmortem Abrasion Antemortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Postmortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Postmortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Postmortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Antemortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Antemortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Antemortem Abrasion</li><li>➤ Image {{caption_text}} {{caption_text}}</li><li>➤ {{caption_text}}</li><li>➤ {{caption_text}}</li><li>➤ Intra-vital reaction or congestion Absent Present</li><li>➤ Intra-vital reaction or congestion</li><li>➤ Intra-vital reaction or congestion</li><li>➤ Intra-vital reaction or congestion</li><li>➤ Site Typically found on bony prominences Can occur on any part of the body</li><li>➤ Typically found on bony prominences</li><li>➤ Typically found on bony prominences</li><li>➤ Can occur on any part of the body</li><li>➤ Can occur on any part of the body</li><li>➤ Color of abrasion Yellowish-white or pale Reddish-brown to dark brown</li><li>➤ Color of abrasion</li><li>➤ Color of abrasion</li><li>➤ Color of abrasion</li><li>➤ Yellowish-white or pale</li><li>➤ Yellowish-white or pale</li><li>➤ Reddish-brown to dark brown</li><li>➤ Reddish-brown to dark brown</li><li>➤ Scab formation Absent or minimal Present and well-formed</li><li>➤ Absent or minimal</li><li>➤ Absent or minimal</li><li>➤ Present and well-formed</li><li>➤ Present and well-formed</li><li>➤ Exudates Less or absent Increased (due to inflammatory reaction)</li><li>➤ Increased (due to inflammatory reaction)</li><li>➤ Increased (due to inflammatory reaction)</li><li>➤ Elevation (Scab) Less raised More raised due to active healing</li><li>➤ Elevation (Scab)</li><li>➤ Elevation (Scab)</li><li>➤ Elevation (Scab)</li><li>➤ More raised due to active healing</li><li>➤ More raised due to active healing</li><li>➤ Bleeding/ Color changes No active bleeding Active bleeding with clot formation</li><li>➤ Bleeding/ Color changes</li><li>➤ Bleeding/ Color changes</li><li>➤ Bleeding/ Color changes</li><li>➤ No active bleeding</li><li>➤ No active bleeding</li><li>➤ Active bleeding with clot formation</li><li>➤ Active bleeding with clot formation</li><li>➤ Healing process No healing process Healing starts with inflammation</li><li>➤ No healing process</li><li>➤ No healing process</li><li>➤ Healing starts with inflammation</li><li>➤ Healing starts with inflammation</li></ul>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Abrasion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antemortem Abrasion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Image</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"mo\" data-author=\"Berteun \" data-hash=\"11104\" data-license=\"Open access\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_%28medicine%29#/media/File:Abrasion_on_hand_20050906.jpg\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/TQbTMCFRId4vfuEECiTM1745384813.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"werer\" data-author=\"Lorenzo Gitto, M.D., Robert Stoppacher, M.D., Serenella Serinelli M.D., Ponni Arunkumar, M.D. and Luigi Bonaccorso, M.D.\" data-hash=\"11105\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/forensicsbluntforce.html\" data-tags=\"April2025\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/notes/ShPK35DCdrif9mCt0dYD1745384834.png\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intra-vital reaction or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2dd9736fdf16927771849f5a925f7d\">congestion</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Typically found on bony prominences</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can occur on any part of the body</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yellowish-white or pale</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reddish-brown to dark brown</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Scab formation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent or minimal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present and well-formed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exudates</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less or absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Increased (due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d21dd5d3116927771907405b181bc\">inflammatory</span> reaction)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Elevation (Scab)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Less raised</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More raised due to active healing</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bleeding/ Color changes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No active bleeding</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Active <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e0b40993316927771844dbf382689\">clot</span> formation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Healing process</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9cf83937931692777188a014337dcf\">healing</span> process</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Healing starts with inflammation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following injuries is not expected in a person brought to the hospital with a history of a road traffic accident (RTA)?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Contusion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Abrasions", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Chop wound", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Chop wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZhRod7nKNNy9c6mL28h91744962066.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The dead body of a 30-year-old male drowning victim was brought in for autopsy. Upon examination, multiple cuts were observed on the victim's arm. What finding is likely to be seen in this scenario?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Defense wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Self inflicted injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Accidental cut wound from falling", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Washer-women hands", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Defense wound", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/bVNDKvYyk04EemtUdwLs1697800465.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Defense wou\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A person got stabbed in his anterior thigh and died. His body was brought for postmortem. What type of injury is this?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Penetrating wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Puncture wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Blunt force injury", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Penetrating wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ui6VqqeIGKGNNO2KuZzp1741019708.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Stab wound/Punctured wound </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>These are inflicted by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31dd0b58bb1692777195e6016ecd51\">penetration</span> with long, narrow instruments having pointed (sometimes blunt) ends into the depth of the body, which is deeper than its length and width.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Weapons used </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Knife (most common)</li>\n<li>Pieces of glass (broken glass bottle)</li>\n<li>Scissors</li>\n<li>Screwdrivers</li>\n<li>Pens</li>\n<li>Ice picks</li>\n<li>Forks</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of stab wounds </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Puncture wound: </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Soft tissues are involved</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Penetrating wound: </strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Enters a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e856760501692777183f2469a5056\">body cavity</span> or a viscus</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Perforating wound: </strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Through-and-through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9af4bb5919169277719688aaf3f8e7\">puncture</span> wounds</li>\n<li>The weapon enters the body from one side and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"89f5610ffd1692777184b03f1f88cc\">comes</span> out the other</li>\n<li>The wound of entry is larger than the exit</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Significance of the wound dimensions </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Length </strong>is slightly <strong>less than the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b0d31fe811692777202644090ba60\">width</span> </strong>of the weapon due to the stretching of the skin.</li>\n<li><strong>Breadth </strong>is<strong> more than the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"facd67f6341692777200653d383689\">thickness</span> </strong>of weapon due to gaping.</li>\n<li><strong>Depth</strong>, the <strong>greatest dimension </strong>of the wound, corresponds to the <strong>length</strong> of the weapon's blade, which has completely entered the body without perforation.</li>\n<li><strong>Margins </strong>or edges of the wound are <strong>clean cut </strong>with usually no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> or bruising.\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Margins by a pointed or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a3a8e127bb1692777184393fdcbf10\">conical</span> weapon have <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55a1f34a051692777191fefd6dfafa\">lacerated</span> edges</li>\n<li>If the hilt guard of the weapon strikes the skin, a regular, sharp, and well-defined patterned <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ff3cc6c8a16927771802154170e4f\">abrasion</span> or bruising is formed</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 3-year-old child presented with multiple burn injuries involving the entire head, neck &amp;amp; upper limb. What is the percentage of burn?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "25-30%", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "40-44%", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "18-20%", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "5-10%", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 25-30%", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:552px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Adults</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Children</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Infants</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Head &amp; neck</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>18%</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>20%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Front of chest &amp; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> wall</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9 x 2 = 18%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 x 2 = 20%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Back of chest &amp; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> wall</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9 x 2 = 18%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 x 2 = 20%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lower limb</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18 x 2 = 36%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>13.5 x 2 = 27%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 x 2 = 20%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Upper limb</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9 x 2 = 18%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>18%</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 x 2 = 20%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Perineum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1%</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Leading questions can be asked in?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cross-examination", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Re-examination", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Anytime", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Examination in chief", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Cross-examination", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:630px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Examination-in-Chief (Direct Examination)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cross-Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Re-Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Conducted By</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Party who calls the witness (e.g., public prosecutor)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Opposing party (typically defense)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Party who called the witness</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Present all relevant facts</li>\n<li>Provide expert interpretation if applicable</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Challenge witness's credibility</li>\n<li>Elicit favorable facts</li>\n<li>Test accuracy</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Clarify issues raised during cross-examination</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Leading Questions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Not allowed unless the witness is declared hostile <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Allowed (<strong>Sec. 146 BSA</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Not allowed <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Nature of Questions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Open-ended questions to elicit narrative</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Can include leading questions to control the narrative</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Generally clarifying questions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Time Limit</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Typically structured and may have time constraints</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>No set time limit; may last for hours or even days</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Generally limited to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"68c95b7b5a169277718451643a0b35\">clarification</span> purposes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Judicial Oversight</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Judge may intervene to ensure questions are relevant and not leading</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Court can disallow indecent or scandalous questions (Sec. 154, BSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Judge monitors to ensure focus remains on clarification</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Sequence of rigor mortis is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Center to periphery", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Head to foot", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Foot to head", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Simultaneously", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Head to foot", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - H\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the bullet range", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Distant range", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Close contact", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Close range", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Can not be predicted", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Close range", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/SEaAII9y8MfvJiuBs9b71724824001.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Close rang\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old female patient is admitted to the emergency department following an accidental burn incident. On examination, it is noted that she has sustained burn injuries to her right upper limb, the entire right lower limb, and the entire front and back of her abdomen. Based on the rule of nine, what is the estimated percentage of her total body surface area (TBSA) that is burned?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "45%", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "60%", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "28%", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "70%", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 45%", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/86u48NDuW0SeF5pcoREJ1747295790.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:744px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Body Part</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Estimated TBSA Adults</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Labeled Image</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire left arm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"10\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"561\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/86u48NDuW0SeF5pcoREJ1747295790.png\" width=\"488\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire right arm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Head &amp; neck</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Back of chest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abdomen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Back of Abdomen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Perineum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire left leg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire right leg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is the bleeding vessel in extradural hemorrhage?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Middle meningeal artery", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bridging veins", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Circle of Willis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Anterior cerebral artery", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Middle meningeal artery", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/cgrrNPNMe6iwx2GQm1MK1747302659.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LzhFas2YLdjf9JTuvsjl1747302659.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uhCegSdnXdLepkyNdvd11747302659.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Space and Hemorrhages</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Location</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood vessel involved</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Epidural Space/ Hemorrhage</strong></p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"James Heilman, MD \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_hematoma#/media/File:EpiduralHematoma.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"355\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/cgrrNPNMe6iwx2GQm1MK1747302659.png\" width=\"290\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d3011216f116927772017c8f317493\">vault</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"826ce1571f1692777186a0b6e02559\">dura</span> mater. The collection of blood here leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6de01005f61692777187a3003970c7\">epidural</span> hematoma.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Middle meningeal artery</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subdural Space/ Hemorrhage</strong></p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"James Heilman, MD \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdural_hematoma#/media/File:Subduralandherniation.PNG\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"362\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/LzhFas2YLdjf9JTuvsjl1747302659.png\" width=\"290\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd3534c97c16927771823c0d04f685\">arachnoid</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"826ce1571f1692777186a0b6e02559\">dura</span> mater. The collection of blood here leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a9f86efa0d169277719911e454bd12\">subdural</span> hematoma.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bridging veins (which drain into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bec08dbe0c16927771864d7774d7b0\">dural</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> sinus)</p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subarachnoid Space/ Hemorrhage</strong></p>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author='\"Liam Flynn Peter JD Andrews\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/CT-image-of-subarachnoid-haemorrhage-Non-contrast-CT-scan-of-brain-showing-subarachnoid_fig1_283482604\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"304\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/uhCegSdnXdLepkyNdvd11747302659.png\" width=\"252\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd3534c97c16927771823c0d04f685\">arachnoid</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"556589a02516927771951f9bf061aa\">pia</span> mater</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arteries of the circle of Willis (Middle cerebral artery, Anterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8c3efbee661692777184685e54c75e\">communicating</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a66cd3adaa1692777182e77cb23021\">artery</span> -most commonly) <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During measurement of a rifled barrel weapon, the caliber depends on?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Distance between two opposite lands", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Distance between two opposite grooves", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Number of lead pellets", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Mass and velocity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Distance between two opposite lands", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/uJGPALt5v7poTpWYT2w31747374695.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hK5mifXd8E6Nc3REMFHn1747374704.png"], "explanation": "\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Most common organ involved in seat-belt injury is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spleen", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Liver", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pancreas", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hollow viscus", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Hollow viscus", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Cv7cw4sSO4DGgWLVPzYp1747375002.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/HHHpNNJVJE9NfxdPvguP1747375014.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GD5ZBCAOHaV4Ikeb94QA1747375038.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Patterned <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87fe0f103316927771851931d55a3a\">contusion</span> </strong>(known as<strong> Seat belt sign</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Drivers:</strong> starts from the right shoulder</li>\n<li><strong>Passengers: </strong>starts from the left shoulder</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Byard, Roger.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-neck-and-upper-torso-of-an-89-year-old-man-who-was-a-driver-in-a-fatal-vehicle-crash_fig1_355354627\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"356\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/HHHpNNJVJE9NfxdPvguP1747375014.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intra-abdominal </strong>(deceleration- compression)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mesentery - most commonly affected </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>Small intestine: DJ <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e47cfa68169277720299cd54beb4\">flexure</span> (primary),Ileocaecal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9f0942c0b51692777190ee876713e5\">junction</span> (secondary)</li>\n<li>Liver, Spleen, Pancreas<strong>(Option A, B and C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vertebral injuries </strong>(distraction- compression)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Distraction(separation of joint):</strong> seen on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> side</li>\n<li><strong>Compression: </strong>seen on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">anterior</span> side</li>\n<li><strong>Chance fracture: </strong>fracture involving all 3 columns of spine</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author='\" James Heilman, MD\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_fracture\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"453\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/GD5ZBCAOHaV4Ikeb94QA1747375038.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seat belt syndrome</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Seat belt sign + <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b02812a466169277719090c2d27868\">intra-abdominal</span> injuries + vertebral injuries</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The most common organ injuries in air blast shock waves will be?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Intestine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lungs", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Kidney", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Heart", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Lungs", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-color:#000000; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; text-align:center; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Air Blast Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Underwater Blast Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Most commonly injured:</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tympanic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> (ear) - <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">Rupture</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> damage are common</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Tympanic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> (ear) - More likely to occur when the head is submerged.</li>\n<li>Gastrointestinal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1a1307223f16927772017a994bfc39\">tract</span> - When the head is not submerged.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Most severely injured:</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lungs - Blast lung injury is a common cause of delayed mortality and can cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> contusion, air embolism, and other damage</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gastrointestinal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1a1307223f16927772017a994bfc39\">tract</span> - Underwater blasts can cause more severe GI injuries due to pressure effects on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f9a320e1a169277718983ee3d1860\">hollow</span> organs</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a forensic autopsy, a gunshot victim is examined, and the doctor observes that the firearm injury has a stellate shape. What will be the range of gunshot?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Close shot", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Contact shot", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Near shot", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Distant shot", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Contact shot", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Contact sh\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 42 year old patient, a case of road traffic accident presented with EDH due to involvement of Middle Meningeal Artery. Where will the impact of collision be?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pterion", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Angle of mandible", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lambdoid suture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Nasion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Pterion", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - P\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with a true bruise?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Negative chemical tests", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Progression of the color of bruise over time", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Irregular margins", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Presence of Itching", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Presence of Itching", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During the examination of a victim of assault , you notice a wound with ragged, irregular and uneven margins with tears diverging at an angle from the end of the main wound and typical swallowtails. Bleeding from this wound is not significant and shows crushed blood vessels and hair bulbs . You would document this wound as a/an.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Incised wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Chopped wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stab wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lacerated wound", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Lacerated wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/pSjBhba5tVzBjrUUfoQy1685085186.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - Lacerated wou\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is true about exhumation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The executive magistrate can order for exhumation", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Police can order for exhumation", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Postmortem can be done on exhumated body", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "CrPC 174 is related to exhumation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. The executive magistrate can order for exhumation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition</td>\n<td>Exhumation is the process of digging up and removing a buried body from its place of interment (burial) for various reasons, including legal, forensic, medical, or historical purposes.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal Grounds</td>\n<td>Exhumations can occur for legal reasons, such as when an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> investigation is required, or when a court order is issued for reburial elsewhere.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forensic Exhumation</td>\n<td>In <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> contexts, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ede3648ef1692777187540bde750b\">exhumation</span> is often performed to gather evidence in cases of suspected foul play, to identify unknown remains, or to reevaluate the cause of death.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Medical Examination</td>\n<td>Exhumations for medical purposes can be carried out to perform post-mortem examinations, assess the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c305b384216927771969ca4166493\">progression</span> of diseases, or conduct genetic testing for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5dda3cc2ab1692777202b3b3c65bea\">familial</span> diseases.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During the examination of injury, hair bulbs are noted to be crushed. The probable type of wound is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Laceration", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stab injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "None", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Laceration", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/6gKNXPiANhvhLOfeaxay1687236370.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - L\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In alleged history of gunshot injury , there is burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound . The injury is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Close shot entry wound", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Close shot exit wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Distant shot entry wound", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Distant shot exit wound", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Close shot entry wound", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Close shot entry wou\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Gunshot Injury Range</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Proximity of Firearm to Body</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Contact Range</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Muzzle in direct contact</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Burning, blackening, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16777b606e16927772006cbb6869ce\">tattooing</span> around entry wound</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Irregular or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41b4e6c32f169277719986f77fbe28\">stellate</span> appearance for exit wounds</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Close Range</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Muzzle in close proximity</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Burning, blackening, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16777b606e16927772006cbb6869ce\">tattooing</span> around entry wound</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Exit wounds may exhibit <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41b4e6c32f169277719986f77fbe28\">stellate</span> appearance</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Near Range</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Short distance from body</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Less pronounced effects of burning, blackening, and tattooing</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Entry and exit wounds may show some characteristics of contact or close-range injuries</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Distant Range</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Significant distance</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Absent or minimal effects of burning, blackening, and tattooing</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Smaller, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0919f0017e1692777184ac3748841f\">circular</span> or oval-shaped entry and exit wounds</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is bullet wipe ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Residual from barrel of gun", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Blackening", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Gutter fracture of skull", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tattooing", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Residual from barrel of gun", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Residual from barrel of gu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "All of the following statements are true about the given condition except :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Swabs should be taken immediately after moistening with sterile water", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It is most commonly caused by incisors and canines", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "There are fewer chances of bacterial infection", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tetanus vaccination should be given", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. There are fewer chances of bacterial infection", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/DlAmxERhSO4rkLs3qUEU1715330942.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - There are fewer ch\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Bullet fingerprinting involve:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Primary markings", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Secondary markings", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Both", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "None", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Both", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/2j2evlzEn26GRY40mKa61715331946.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bgFPTmhWQE2HpKHKsUZB1715331958.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Both\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Name the type of skull fracture .", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Depressed fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hinge fracture", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pond fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Comminuted fracture", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hinge fracture", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/J3rQG0SFkXVlRy3xi8Wv1691480464.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Hinge fractu\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Type of Skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d3011216f116927772017c8f317493\">Vault</span> Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Radiological Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Diastatic Fracture</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Widening of the sutures due to separation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b7b5460171692777185e6e2475f8c\">cranial</span> bones</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Stellate Fracture</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fracture lines radiating from a central point</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Basilar Skull Fracture</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fracture involving the base of the skull</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Le Fort Fracture</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fracture involving the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"84514257721692777192f1748073bd\">maxilla</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9fdd7489051692777202cffe3f24cc\">facial</span> skeleton</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Ping-Pong Fracture</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Impacted <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> with inward and outward depression</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the injury the image below :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Laceration", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Bruise", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Imprint", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Abrasion", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/qehQhetImVTSeraEFEzM1697798867.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/LLa2uw8juDohHA5AYMyW1697799000.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aokDU0XVXDXik1uaF7fA1697799029.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - A\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Type of Injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Characteristic Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Abrasion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Superficial, scraping or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ae59957c1692777197359406f6f4\">rubbing</span> injury that removes the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> layers of skin. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">Irregular</span> shape, reddish or pinkish color.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Laceration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Deep cut or tear in the skin and underlying tissues. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">Irregular</span> or clean edges, may require suturing or medical intervention.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Contusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87fe0f103316927771851931d55a3a\">contusion</span> is a bruising of the skin or underlying tissues due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> force trauma. May result in pain, swelling, and discoloration.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Incision</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Clean, intentional cut made with a sharp object. Straight edges, controlled bleeding, may require suturing or medical intervention.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Paradoxical undressing is seen in :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Heart stress", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypothermia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "LSD overdose", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hypothermia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Hypoth\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 47 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "What is the most commonly fractured bone in cases of basilar skull fractures?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Temporal bone", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Occipital bone", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sphenoid bone", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Frontal bone", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Temporal bone", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thickness of skull bones</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Male</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Female</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Frontal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7.8 mm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8.6 mm</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Parietal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9.6 mm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10.1 mm</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Occipital</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10.1 mm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 mm</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Temporal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6 mm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6 mm</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Temporal bone fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Longitudinal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"637ea4d17516927772003be2b2aae4\">Temporal</span> Bone Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Transverse <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"637ea4d17516927772003be2b2aae4\">Temporal</span> Bone Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The most common</strong> type (70-90% of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"637ea4d17516927772003be2b2aae4\">temporal</span> bone fractures).</li>\n<li>Runs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"635a7ea50e16927771944f08f17aed\">parallel</span> to the long <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c28fd47f71692777182efbbaa5f6d\">axis</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"637ea4d17516927772003be2b2aae4\">temporal</span> bone.</li>\n<li>Otic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54635b1bf01692777183247ecff5e0\">Capsule</span> is spared.</li>\n<li>Conductive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3f80e5bee1692777188f6eb1c4005\">hearing loss</span> due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d01ba0b780169277719475443354eb\">ossicle</span> involvement and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"391176370016927772011d1b8315bc\">tympanic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> involvement.</li>\n<li>Facial nerve involvement occurs in about 25% of cases.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Less common </strong>(10-30% of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"637ea4d17516927772003be2b2aae4\">temporal</span> bone fractures).</li>\n<li>Extends perpendicular to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"637ea4d17516927772003be2b2aae4\">temporal</span> bone's long axis.</li>\n<li>Otic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54635b1bf01692777183247ecff5e0\">Capsule</span> is involved, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a646a25d3616927771989c6e155498\">sensorineural</span> hearing loss.</li>\n<li>Ossicles and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"391176370016927772011d1b8315bc\">tympanic</span> membranes are generally unaffected.</li>\n<li>Higher <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17cd3771bb1692777190950c142dbe\">incidence</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9fdd7489051692777202cffe3f24cc\">facial</span> nerve involvement.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FeoHrbo3bRYLDGZ7smcl1739286379.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In which of the following scenarios is a diastatic skull fracture most likely to occur?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "An adult hit by a broad surface object", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "A child with increased intracranial pressure", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "A teenager experiencing a sports-related injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "An elderly person falling onto their buttocks", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. A child with increased intracranial pressure", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/EPkWSmiEKxCf4M2MLbc51736268840.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dNqFXkSoTwdhux3PuO541736268784.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fissured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Linear Fracture) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diastatic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Sutural Fracture) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The most common skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> accounts for about 70% of cases.</li>\n<li>Linear cracks may involve the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47effe8b551692777201331142edf5\">vertex</span> or skull base. It can affect the full <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"facd67f6341692777200653d383689\">thickness</span> of the bone or just the inner/outer layers.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> and fine, sometimes hard to detect on X-rays. It runs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"635a7ea50e16927771944f08f17aed\">parallel</span> to the compressive force.</li>\n<li>No depression of bone fragments.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves the separation of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b7b5460171692777185e6e2475f8c\">cranial</span> sutures.</li>\n<li>More common in children.</li>\n<li>Often occurs with other skull fractures, especially fissured fractures.</li>\n<li>Commonly seen at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"862a709fba1692777198c35e274398\">sagittal</span> suture.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><u>Causes:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Impact against broad surfaces (e.g., falls or road traffic accidents). <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Falls on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> or buttocks, transmitting force upwards. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><u>Causes:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blunt trauma to the head.</li>\n<li><strong>Increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cd42e0ddad1692777190d18c595ec5\">intracranial</span> pressure leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">suture</span> separation.</strong> <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"217\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/EPkWSmiEKxCf4M2MLbc51736268840.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Narrow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2af124a931692777203c9f8031b77\">fissure</span> skull fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/dNqFXkSoTwdhux3PuO541736268784.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/fYSMg9DxsFgI4adG4FAe1745899376.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32 year old male is brought to the emergency after sustaining a gunshot wound to the head during a robbery. The bullet trajectory is reported as oblique. Which type of skull fracture is most commonly associated with this presentation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Depressed fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Gutter fracture", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Comminuted fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Elevated fracture", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Gutter fracture", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ek1HSNdczDTVr7olGIok1736160056.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/q9HCvjRhF4js6ZY6lgvv1736160226.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6yfBmECGqtAfE8AiYhRJ1736160316.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/gyxE0NAj19Xs5XQy4MKh1736160135.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Depressed Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Comminuted Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gutter Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Occurs when a fragment of the skull is pushed inward towards the brain.</li>\n<li>Caused by blows from heavy objects with a small surface (e.g., hammers, bricks). <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>The shape of the depressed area may resemble the object that caused the injury.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><u>Variants:</u></p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Elevated Fracture</u>: One end of the fractured fragment is raised above the skull, while the other is pushed inward. Caused by sharp objects like an axe. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><u>Pond Fracture</u>: Seen in infants, this smooth depression occurs without a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> line, resembling <strong>a dent in a ping-pong ball.</strong> Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9427862c811692777194034ade4877\">obstetrics</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c01b366a9c1692777203ef77069d2c\">forceps</span> blade.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves multiple intersecting <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> lines, breaking the bone into several fragments.</li>\n<li>Caused by high-impact trauma (e.g., vehicular accidents, crushing injuries). <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>It may occur alongside other fractures (e.g., fissured or depressed fractures).</li>\n<li>Spider web-like patterns on an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fd0c8ab494169277720227102dc79a\">X-ray</span> are characteristic of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c8512bb5d169277718470669bd36e\">comminuted</span> fractures.</li>\n<li>In severe cases, bone fragments may penetrate the brain or become displaced.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21ee3a5f911692777188099a3310c4\">groove</span> or channel is formed in the skull bone, often due to <strong>an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd88c7c9741692777194fe0cc9abaa\">oblique</span> bullet wound. (Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Frequently associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c8512bb5d169277718470669bd36e\">comminuted</span> and depressed fractures of the inner skull table.</li>\n<li>Bone fragments can cause injury to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f171f7433d1692777192c344425c41\">meninges</span> or brain.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"National Institutes of Health, Health &amp; Human Services\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Open access\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_fracture#/media/File:Depressed_skull_fracture.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/q9HCvjRhF4js6ZY6lgvv1736160226.png\" width=\"249\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Depressed fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Laboratoires Servier\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kind_of_fractures_-_Comminuted_--_Smart-Servier.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/6yfBmECGqtAfE8AiYhRJ1736160316.png\" width=\"159\"/>\n<p><strong>Comminuted fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/gyxE0NAj19Xs5XQy4MKh1736160135.png\" width=\"200\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Gutter fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uQMfeFXbQdEZITHszhVd1740108639.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A “motorcyclist fracture,\" typically results from what type of impact?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Side impact", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Direct blow to the chin", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Heavy blow to the vertex", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Blunt force to the occiput", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Side impact", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/GIxPvAqt6pfm72yjFo2z1736270961.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/up5cndqWwo5RekfFnd691736271120.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ring Fracture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Motorcyclist <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">Fracture</span> (Hinge Fracture)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Encircles the <strong>foramen magnum</strong> at the skull base.</li>\n<li>Runs from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02db2e09e91692777198e14771cb3b\">sella</span> turcica to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridges and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> fossa.</li>\n<li>It can extend to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> and roof of the nose.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Transverse <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> at the skull base, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"073b3993a6169277719966873c2515\">splitting</span> it and creating a <strong>\"hinge\" - nodding face sign</strong><strong>.</strong></li>\n<li>It extends from one <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridge across the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"02db2e09e91692777198e14771cb3b\">sella</span> turcica to the other <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88225eeb1616927771954c1b0bc1e3\">petrous</span> ridge.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Caused by: <strong>(Option B, C and D ruled out)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Falls landing on feet/buttocks (force transmitted through the spine).</li>\n<li>Heavy blows to the top of the skull/ vertex.</li>\n<li>Twisting of the head on the spine.</li>\n<li>Blows to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4214cf5bc1692777194bd76243b92\">occiput</span> or chin.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Often caused by <strong>side impacts</strong>.</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Didier Descouens \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_magnum#/media/File:Crane4_Foramen_magnum.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/GIxPvAqt6pfm72yjFo2z1736270961.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n<p>Ring fracture</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/up5cndqWwo5RekfFnd691736271120.png\" width=\"400\"/></p>\n<p>Hinge fracture</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/hinWwsFPFK9z4EStP1651740108734.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25-year-old male presents with facial trauma after being struck in the eye during a sports accident. Which radiographic finding is most indicative of a blowout fracture of the orbit?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spider web-like pattern on X-ray", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ping-pong ball dent appearance", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Teardrop sign", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Circular crack around the skull base", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Teardrop sign", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/uAtSLrolHlA9s5f0Uhct1736160447.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cJkuZuHjVE5kTe3CupYt1745899652.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45 year old woman falls and strikes the back of her head on the ground. Upon examination, she exhibits signs of a contrecoup injury affecting the frontal lobe. Which of the following statements about her injury is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The injury results from the brain striking the frontal skull after an initial impact on the occipital region.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Contrecoup injuries are commonly associated with RTAs.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contrecoup injuries primarily affect the areas directly beneath the point of impact.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "The rotational forces during the fall could contribute to the contrecoup mechanism.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Contrecoup injuries primarily affect the areas directly beneath the point of impact.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Coup vs. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f79f69788c1692777185c5c1f24bc0\">Contrecoup</span> Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Coup</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contrecoup</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Brain injury directly beneath the point of impact.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Brain injury on the side opposite the impact.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Caused by direct impact force.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs when a moving head is suddenly decelerated by hitting a firm surface eg. striking the head on the ground after a fall during RTAs. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More common when a moving object strikes the head.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Common in falls or blows to a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9cf5375557169277719946c3651430\">stationary</span> head.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Common scenarios</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Common in moving head striking an object, e.g., hitting a car dashboard in an accident.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Seen in falls, where the head hits the ground or an unyielding surface, causing injury on the opposite side of the impact.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organs involved</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It can be seen in the brain, heart, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6a4861c8d71692777199aeb1d55c85\">spleen</span> and lungs. (More commonly in the brain)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KBX74hrkmKtP247vnDQE1740109067.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In the context of intracranial haemorrhages, which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the layers of the cranial anatomy and the associated blood vessels?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The epidural space contains bridging veins.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The subdural space is located between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The subarachnoid space contains arteries of the circle of Willis.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "The middle meningeal artery is located between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The subarachnoid space contains arteries of the circle of Willis.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/09bh8OmLO7e0jw8xLDqB1736160546.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Space</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Location</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood vessel involved</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Epidural Space</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the skull <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d3011216f116927772017c8f317493\">vault</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"826ce1571f1692777186a0b6e02559\">dura</span> mater. The collection of blood here leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6de01005f61692777187a3003970c7\">epidural</span> hematoma.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Middle meningeal artery</p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subdural Space</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd3534c97c16927771823c0d04f685\">arachnoid</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"826ce1571f1692777186a0b6e02559\">dura</span> mater. The collection of blood here leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a9f86efa0d169277719911e454bd12\">subdural</span> hematoma. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bridging veins (which drain into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bec08dbe0c16927771864d7774d7b0\">dural</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> sinus)</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subarachnoid Space</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd3534c97c16927771823c0d04f685\">arachnoid</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"556589a02516927771951f9bf061aa\">pia</span> mater</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arteries of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9698e03b20169277718451fdb9d984\">circle of Willis</span> (Middle cerebral artery, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">Anterior</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8c3efbee661692777184685e54c75e\">communicating</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a66cd3adaa1692777182e77cb23021\">artery</span> -most commonly) <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pfNg6etPc8G7nEYBWomI1740109206.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25 year old man is brought to the ED after a fall from a height. He was unconscious upon arrival, and a CT scan was done which revealed the following. What is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rupture of bridging veins", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rupture of the middle meningeal artery", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Venous thrombosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Subarachnoid hemorrhage", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Rupture of the middle meningeal artery", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/OLEW2bSIkWqVI35ilool1735882771.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/Xx2ltHjmJeZQXVCFPBdb1736269328.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/U4MZfXHrmy48lh6IZk0t1736269409.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/0TFlu4E8LDHWIc5zHiOy1740109337.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist examines a body that has suffered extensive thermal injury. Which of the following characteristics would most likely indicate the presence of a heat hematoma as a postmortem finding?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Absence of carboxyhemoglobin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Reddish brown discolouration of the hematoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rupture of the meningeal artery", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Honeycomb appearance of a blood clot", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Honeycomb appearance of a blood clot", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:634px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Extradural Haematoma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Haematoma</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Trauma to the skull.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Exposure of the head to intense heat leads to charring. <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Most commonly due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> of the meningeal artery</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shrinkage of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f171f7433d1692777192c344425c41\">meninges</span> and brain, causing brain tissue to ooze out.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Location</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually adjacent to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c76557c9e1169277719955ac4ecac7\">Sylvian</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2af124a931692777203c9f8031b77\">fissure</span> and limited due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bec08dbe0c16927771864d7774d7b0\">dural</span> attachments at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">suture</span> line.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anywhere, <strong>usually bilateral.</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Distribution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Localised</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Diffuse</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Trauma signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> force trauma are present.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> force trauma are absent.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood clot</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A rubbery, reddish-purple <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40d68b98721692777183c42090e023\">blood clot</span> is seen.</p>\n<p>Discoid shape.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>A soft, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8b9056372a169277720355419379ac\">friable</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e0b40993316927771844dbf382689\">clot</span> of light chocolate colour is seen. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Honeycomb appearance, evenly distributed or sickle-shaped. <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carboxyhemoglobin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ziEInQ6DNzBMEk31096S1740109481.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 65 year old woman presents to the emergency department with confusion and headache that developed gradually over the past two weeks after a minor fall. A CT scan reveals an isodense lesion along the cerebral convexities. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Acute Subdural Hemorrhage", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Subacute Subdural Hemorrhage", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Epidural Hematoma", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Subacute Subdural Hemorrhage", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/sts6KX5MCc5dRPAILEZG1736160884.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/J64HzLktJK9GE1EgpuUR1736269613.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ed65GnC18yfp3tAxb4X01736160930.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PGohunZii8NOf1iUQrk01736160980.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/o336TGOtDhJpKm6KxzRY1736161034.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acute SDH</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Subacute SDH</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chronic SDH</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Rapid onset after trauma</li>\n<li>Rupture of large <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ec4db08de51692777183e82739c83d\">bridging</span> veins or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"721937292f1692777185048f04ce29\">cortical</span> arteries.</li>\n<li>The most common symptoms are mental confusion, drowsiness, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d141b433d2169277718681e3ff6bc3\">dilation</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e419fd4e241692777196d038d1b71a\">pupil</span> (ipsilateral) and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1a5d9f72801692777185eb596f3d64\">contralateral</span> involvement of hemiparesis.</li>\n<li>Death may occur if the haemorrhage volume is about 100 to 150 ml.</li>\n<li><strong>Hyperdense on CT. </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lee, Chul-Hee &amp; Kang, Dong &amp; Hwang, Soo &amp; Park, In &amp; Jung, Jin Myung &amp; Han, Jong. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-NC 3.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/CT-scans-at-the-time-of-admission-show-a-large-amount-of-acute-subdural-hematoma-ASDH_fig1_40042788\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"299\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/J64HzLktJK9GE1EgpuUR1736269613.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Symptoms develop over days to weeks after injury.</li>\n<li>Usually from smaller <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ec4db08de51692777183e82739c83d\">bridging</span> veins.</li>\n<li><strong>Isodense on CT</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ali Abougazia\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/subacute-subdural-haematoma\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"250\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ed65GnC18yfp3tAxb4X01736160930.png\" width=\"203\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Develops weeks or months later</li>\n<li>Often in the elderly;</li>\n<li>Slow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> leads to gradual symptoms.</li>\n<li>Symptoms arise weeks/months later;</li>\n<li>May lead to <strong>Subdural Hygroma</strong>:-Tear in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd3534c97c16927771823c0d04f685\">arachnoid</span> allows <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"123c47549916927771854892334fb9\">CSF</span> to collect in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a9f86efa0d169277719911e454bd12\">subdural</span> space, causing cerebral compression.</li>\n<li><strong>Hypodense on CT </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author='\"Zbigniew Kotwica Agnieszka Saracen Ireneusz Dziuba\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/hypodense-typical-chronic-subdural-hematoma_fig1_337173561\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"300\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/PGohunZii8NOf1iUQrk01736160980.png\" width=\"265\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/z5nvCrdb1lUU2aoRx6ZX1740659537.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50 y/o man is found unconscious in his home after complaining of severe headache. A CT of the patient is given below. His medical history is significant for hypertension and smoking. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause in this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ruptured berry aneurysm", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Trauma from a fall", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypertensive encephalopathy", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Acute subdural haematoma", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Ruptured berry aneurysm", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/CPd0QelyWuPrEgqqE0qS1736161111.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/U9wZsG5EUEmYCnLt4bOi1736161162.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5t5tSRKpD9WVhwGLUPqm1736161213.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Traumatic Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Non-traumatic Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"10\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Head trauma (m/c)</li>\n<li>Cerebral contusions or lacerations</li>\n<li>Explosive blasts</li>\n<li>Asphyxia by strangulation</li>\n<li>Traumatic asphyxia</li>\n<li>Blows to the neck</li>\n<li>Accidents and falls</li>\n<li>Cervical manipulations (e.g., vertebral or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf3585c06f1692777182cba3cb4c97\">basilar</span> arteries)</li>\n<li>Rupture of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18034e0517169277720002aaa66d36\">traumatic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7f167b8df1692777190bcd90fe428\">intracerebral</span> haemorrhage (ICH)</li>\n<li>Prolonged <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ad2fb4cc8169277718925a677620c\">hyperextension</span> of the head during bronchoscopy</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"10\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ruptured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"92ff33318a16927771828d959514b8\">berry</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f2c92eaffe16927771819978aa5666\">aneurysm</span> (saccular aneurysm) (m/c)</li>\n<li>Arteriovenous malformations</li>\n<li>Atherosclerosis</li>\n<li>Leaking <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7f167b8df1692777190bcd90fe428\">intracerebral</span> haemorrhage</li>\n<li>Purpuric states</li>\n<li>Leukaemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jN664Py4XtqnePn4YlZI1745900011.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A retired boxer presents with a gradual decline in his coordination, memory, and speech over the past few years. His wife reports personality changes, including paranoia and social withdrawal. O/E, he displays dysarthria and broad-based gait. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Parkinson's disease", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Alzheimer's disease", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Dementia pugilistica", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Multiple sclerosis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Dementia pugilistica", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PC9y4hcrRn9OxNR5uzVH1745900181.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 65 year old man with a history of hypertension presents to the ED with a sudden onset of weakness in his right arm and leg. He also complains of a severe headache and nausea. On examination, he has a decreased level of consciousness and right-sided hemiparesis. A CT scan shows a hyperdense lesion in the left basal ganglia. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Epidural haematoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Subarachnoid haemorrhage", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Subdural haematoma", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/5qQCzzGchEZmYBq62OuT1736269890.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/egci8gFojI6wCWE4SGGz1736269991.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/m0B6d3k7ihcDxeXdfC7h1736270393.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qxOfamFXCJFvExaSePGq1736270626.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FrCfNqZSa5Z7Sl3Renmw1736270531.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Hellerhoff\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Epidurales_Haematom_bei_Schaedelfraktur_8monW_-_CT_-_001_-_Annotation.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"354\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/m0B6d3k7ihcDxeXdfC7h1736270393.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n<p><strong>EDH</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Lucien Monfils\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ct-scan_of_the_brain_with_an_subdural_hematoma.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"357\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/qxOfamFXCJFvExaSePGq1736270626.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n<p><strong>SDH</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"James Heilman, MD,\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SubarachnoidP.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"344\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/FrCfNqZSa5Z7Sl3Renmw1736270531.png\" width=\"300\"/></p>\n<p><strong>SAH</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/A6EzYC2fHUyHjuCIygEl1745900273.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 23 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which factor is considered more dangerous in causing electrocution?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "AC current", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "DC current", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Voltage = 50V", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dry skin", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. AC current", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/xAzCkDaqEeOpEQqg1EuD1736227688.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zv35G7vWdHzQANGPxAZA1740108342.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which type of fracture is most commonly associated with seat belt injuries in motor vehicle accidents?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Smith fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Chance fracture", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Barton fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Colles fracture", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Chance fracture", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/TiC1AZTJye5BkyL0rrGH1736229288.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Yh0p5vLpwb7RUrqRXmo81740754256.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which among the following are usually associated with collisions over the dashboard during an RTA? 1) Posterior cruciate ligament injury 2) Posterior dislocation of hip 3) Patella fracture", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "2, 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1, 2, 3", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 1, 2, 3", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Affected</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Front seat passenger</strong> (hip and knees flexed position)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>3 Ps</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Patella fracture</li>\n<li>Posterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0faa43e76516927771851bff22a1e2\">cruciate</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"301e3b01f01692777191aced6dc342\">ligament</span> injury</li>\n<li>Posterior hip dislocation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fracture - pelvis/femur</li>\n<li><strong>Most common nerve injured: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb6159469169277719843ab627a07\">Sciatic</span> nerve</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qa5BC0CgDdKBW1A9UlUp1740754166.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the most likely structure to be affected in this illustration shown?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "DJ flexure of small intestine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mesentery", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Spleen", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Liver", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Mesentery", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/YgDWg3eanRFllOpmSUlZ1736228871.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/SZTKSSViI0ahb8SEQ7Hh1736228934.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VUaxYWARgqe1L25PFP5g1736229060.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xfQGC3vP0TMQZ3R6UWK61736229154.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Patterned <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"87fe0f103316927771851931d55a3a\">contusion</span> </strong>(known as<strong> Seat belt sign</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Drivers:</strong> starts from the right shoulder</li>\n<li><strong>Passengers: </strong>starts from the left shoulder</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Byard, Roger.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-neck-and-upper-torso-of-an-89-year-old-man-who-was-a-driver-in-a-fatal-vehicle-crash_fig1_355354627\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"356\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/VUaxYWARgqe1L25PFP5g1736229060.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intra-abdominal </strong>(deceleration- compression)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mesentery - most commonly affected </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Small intestine: DJ <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e47cfa68169277720299cd54beb4\">flexure</span> (primary),Ileocaecal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9f0942c0b51692777190ee876713e5\">junction</span> (secondary)</li>\n<li>Liver, Spleen</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vertebral injuries </strong>(distraction- compression)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Distraction(separation of joint):</strong> seen on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> side</li>\n<li><strong>Compression: </strong>seen on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">anterior</span> side</li>\n<li><strong>Chance fracture: </strong>fracture involving all 3 columns of spine</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author='\" James Heilman, MD\"' data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance_fracture\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"453\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/xfQGC3vP0TMQZ3R6UWK61736229154.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Seat belt syndrome</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Seat belt sign + <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b02812a466169277719090c2d27868\">intra-abdominal</span> injuries + vertebral injuries</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Person sustained a blow to the front of the chest by the steering wheel in an RTA. Which site of the aorta is most likely to be affected?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ascending aorta - 1.5cms proximal to ligamentum arteriosum", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ascending aorta - 1.5cms distal to ligamentum arteriosum", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Descending aorta - 1.5cms proximal to ligamentum arteriosum", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Descending aorta - 1.5cms distal to ligamentum arteriosum", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Descending aorta - 1.5cms distal to ligamentum arteriosum", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sites affected</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sternum/Ribs (Flail chest)</li>\n<li>Chest (patterned bruises seen)</li>\n<li>Elbow/forearm (pressure transmission effect)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aorta</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Intimal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> in aorta</strong> (either partial or complete).</li>\n<li><strong>Site:</strong> <strong>1.5cms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5ff25303a01692777186731f6a4f5c\">distal</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6d5162a2816927771918bfaa5d7ec\">ligamentum</span> arteriosum</strong> (junction of aortic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a89dd67841692777182ee412af263\">arch</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0cf8ac70611692777186b133d027f6\">descending</span> aorta) <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>Multiple <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"635a7ea50e16927771944f08f17aed\">parallel</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c950b29361692777190aa5f42e76b\">intimal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> near the main <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48ff530c761692777200c1afac0052\">transection</span> is known as <strong>Ladder rung tears.</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Osseous punch:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ce68eab48a1692777181c719b4344e\">aorta</span> between <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5428882a916927771992a8a0335bf\">sternum</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c6021096816927772007954fcc158\">thoracic</span> vertebra.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other organs involved</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Heart: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ffb3f8d1af169277718830c1d6d362\">Hemopericardium</span> -&gt; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">Cardiac</span> tamponade</li>\n<li>Lungs: Pincer contusions seen</li>\n<li>Liver &gt; Spleen</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the mechanism of injury and common level affected in fracture-dislocation seen with whiplash injury", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Flexion-hyperextension; C3-C4", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sideways movement of head; C3-C4", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Flexion-hyperextension; C5-C6", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sideways movement of head; C5-C6", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Flexion-hyperextension; C5-C6", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/KZITfXH1KOB4XkSvOZej1736228733.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Acceleration: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ad2fb4cc8169277718925a677620c\">hyperextension</span> followed by hyperflexion</li>\n<li>Deceleration: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c62ce71521692777189d9d5a03953\">hyperflexion</span> followed by hyperextension</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Associated injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atlanto-axial dislocation</strong> <strong>&gt; C5-C6 </strong>fracture-dislocation</li>\n<li><strong>Anterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba18aa5e616927771918a45051a40\">longitudinal</span> ligament</strong> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> ligaments are torn</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Passenger</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Most commonly front seat passenger is affected</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prevention</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use of head restraints (head rest) prevents <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ad2fb4cc8169277718925a677620c\">hyperextension</span> of neck</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Windshield impact to front seat passenger may impact which among the following injuries", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Avulsion of forehead skin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Dicing injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sparrow foot marks", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All of the above", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. All of the above", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sparrow foot marks</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple, small, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77074d46b51692777196747de93965\">punctate</span> <strong>facial lacerations</strong> due to shattered glass pieces.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Driver/passenger <strong>ramming onto the glass</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Site:</strong> Predominantly over the face</li>\n<li>More specific for windshield injuries.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dicing injury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>More common</strong> than sparrow foot marks</li>\n<li>Multiple <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> cuts over the skin.</li>\n<li><strong>Mechanism: </strong>Glass <strong>pieces falling towards the person</strong>.</li>\n<li><strong>Site: </strong>All over the face and body</li>\n<li>Can also occur in rear seat passengers</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Other injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Avulsion of forehead skin</li>\n<li>Basilar skull fractures</li>\n<li>Fracture-dislocation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/HTyYJQfZdAf4rs8Wv3o91740107740.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is a frequent type of injury seen in tertiary impact injuries?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Contrecoup injury", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tailgating injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Terrible triad injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sparrow footmark injury", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Contrecoup injury", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/LtFnic1XrhjYZvUv2wxn1736228506.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/alPIpI1fWv5sqmFn0o1p1736228579.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Hjh9NvDnCGrUxW5glXoe1740107917.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is a classic pattern of injury seen in pedestrian children involved in road traffic accidents?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Tailgating", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Whiplash", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Waddell's Triad", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Terrible Triad", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Waddell's Triad", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/OYtvti4QtKovwrtzToGy1736228080.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tADgzzKtHk1ypSJyq3kG1736228303.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Occur when the victim is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"245a3ccb7d1692777199d7e110a947\">struck</span> by the vehicle, often following recognizable patterns.</li>\n<li>Common injuries include abrasions, lacerations, fractures of legs, thighs, or buttocks, and fractures of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e7e90693316927772027cba1a6018\">fibula</span> and tibia.</li>\n<li>When an adult is hit by a car, the impact is often at knee level, and injuries vary depending on the victim’s position and vehicle orientation.</li>\n<li>Common <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> is due to head injury and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c1aae6e67f169277718624a4e51cfe\">dislocation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> spine, mainly at the atlanto-occipital joint.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Factors influencing injury behavior include</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Position of the victim's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> (whether they were firmly placed or raised at impact).</li>\n<li>Speed of the vehicle (low speed results in being thrown onto the bonnet; at higher speeds, the victim is projected or scooped up).</li>\n<li>Road surface type (smooth, rough, gravel).</li>\n<li>Point of impact relative to the center of gravity.</li>\n<li>When the pedestrian is knocked down from behind with both <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> fixed to the ground, there will be <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> of the bones of the lower limbs.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Waddell's Triad</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A classic pattern in pedestrian children <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"245a3ccb7d1692777199d7e110a947\">struck</span> by vehicles.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fractured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab8a987431169277720229e09c01d7\">femoral</span> shaft.</li>\n<li>Intrathoracic or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b02812a466169277719090c2d27868\">intra-abdominal</span> injuries.</li>\n<li>Contralateral head injury.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Injury Behavior Based on Position and Vehicle Impact</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>On Being <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"245a3ccb7d1692777199d7e110a947\">struck</span> from behind with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> not firmly on the ground:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The victim’s <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> are thrown backwards.</li>\n<li>Possible head injuries from striking against the windscreen.</li>\n<li>Victims can be scooped up or fall to one side, sustaining further head injuries from striking the ground.</li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>\n<p><strong>Struck from the front:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Injuries to chest, abdomen, with potential fractures of ribs or vertebrae.</li>\n<li>Pelvic or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e5164b7d61692777198fcbb77e4ad\">sacroiliac</span> fractures, as well as fractures of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ca6af868811692777200ce067e9db9\">tibia</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e7e90693316927772027cba1a6018\">fibula</span> from bumper impact.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Bumper impact injuries:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soft tissue damage and fractures (typically wedge-shaped).</li>\n<li>Fractures may suggest the point of impact and movement direction of the vehicle.</li>\n<li>The location and measurement of the bumper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> on the victim provide details about the vehicle's height and speed.</li>\n<li><strong>Wedge type bumper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3727bc4841692777203d62242b6e6\">fracture</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ca6af868811692777200ce067e9db9\">tibia</span> seen.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/tADgzzKtHk1ypSJyq3kG1736228303.png\" width=\"4168\"/></p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Marks may suggest if the victim was walking or lying on the road when struck.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>When the pedestrian walks into the side of a moving vehicle</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glancing abrasions</li>\n<li>Crushing lacerations on the side or front of the face, chest and arms.</li>\n<li>Fracture of ribs with or without laceration.</li>\n<li>Sustain secondary injuries</li>\n<li>Fracture of the skull occurs due to direct impact of the vehicle on the head.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/neeDWMzeBKbTOlcq8miU1740108036.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is a unique type of injury often associated with motorcyclists?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Bone pearls", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lichtenberg flowers", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Whiplash", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tailgating", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Tailgating", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/TvxfIfihmmnW21Qe9NH61740108136.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is a pathognomonic feature of a lightning strike injury?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lichtenberg flowers", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Joule burns", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Crocodile skin lesions", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sparrow foot marks", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Lichtenberg flowers", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8vTRTsFicpdbfxcZlNNH1736227927.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements accurately describes 'Hide and die' syndrome?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It occurs when hypothermic victims discard their clothing due to overheating sensations", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It is characterized by the victim pulling household items over themselves or hiding in unusual places, due to mental confusion from hypothermia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "It refers to a skin condition caused by prolonged exposure to cold, resulting in ulcerative lesions", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "It is the result of an intentional attempt by victims to escape from a dangerous situation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. It is characterized by the victim pulling household items over themselves or hiding in unusual places, due to mental confusion from hypothermia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Core temperature below 36°C (96.8°F)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Disorientation</li>\n<li>Dulling of consciousness</li>\n<li>Loss of reflex</li>\n<li>Fall in respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure</li>\n<li>Red patches and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd5d862f051692777194647422e1c9\">pallor</span> of the skin</li>\n<li>Edema of the face</li>\n<li>Stiffness of neck muscles</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Patches of pink to brownish-pink discoloration</li>\n<li>Postmortem staining: Pink/bright red</li>\n<li>Cyanosis or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dd5d862f051692777194647422e1c9\">pallor</span> in extremities (\"white deaths\")</li>\n<li>Edema of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"32656dc8ba1692777202fc49f9ed13\">feet</span> and blistering of skin</li>\n<li>Stomach: <strong>Wischnewsky spots-</strong>brownish black colored <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> mucosal ulcers</li>\n<li>Viscera-congested, hemorrhagic</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenomena seen in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9723be730516927771896878ec012a\">hypothermia</span> victims </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paradoxical undressing</strong>- found undressed due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40f8eaa3d01692777186cb3e1d6c69\">disorientation</span> which increases heat loss (mistaken for evidence of sexual assault or homicide) <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>‘Hide and die' syndrome- found in unusual locations resembling an attempt to \"hide\" or create a protective environment due to mental confusion and a possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1a81a16ea1692777189d07f12fbc3\">hibernation</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">reflex</span> (confused with signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d99c0d93d1692777189a9b55f0c3f\">homicide</span> or robbery) <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Chilblain (Erythema Pernio)- red, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f179d376f16927771905338bc9387\">itching</span> skin lesions typically found on extremities due to cold exposure, often accompanied by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18b452e75916927771864c9ad533e1\">edema</span> and blistering.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bcCigrRyEqKkigQ57kXK1746937281.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is tasked with determining whether the burns on a severely charred body occurred before or after death. During the examination, the pathologist observes a combination of findings, some of which are more suggestive of antemortem burns. Which of the following combinations of findings is least indicative of antemortem burns?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Elevated carbon monoxide levels and soot in the trachea", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pugilistic attitude and blisters filled with clear fluid", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Presence of an inflammatory reaction at the burn edges and cherry-red discoloration of the skin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Blisters filled with protein-rich fluid and soot in the upper respiratory tract", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Pugilistic attitude and blisters filled with clear fluid", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/IxgTrB0I4RXEM5ZzgR101736170010.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FKNl89n2O9HHttX19XA91736170296.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/AvCk7mYhXa8X29awuJHd1736170402.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/gKPweSc9INoApG5nyVWq1736170585.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ydUXrielAzeJwXzqP8Us1736170669.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WVQyh9wdkTzS94T7zgSf1736170845.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:779px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Non specific findings in burns cases</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenomenon</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Key Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Significance</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Puppet Organs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Internal organs become shriveled, firm, and hardened by heat.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prolonged exposure to high temperatures.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Organs resemble firm, \"cooked\" structures.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Shows prolonged heat exposure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Hematoma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large artifact resembling <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a479c9f4081692777187a3308ccd27\">extradural</span> hematoma, containing 100–120 ml of blood.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba18aa5e616927771918a45051a40\">longitudinal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"96e7e3fecc16927772018cb9f8c8cd\">venous</span> sinuses or diploic veins.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1.5 cm thick; the heat forces blood from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"373c8804a716927771836d8c7fa5cd\">calvarium</span> through veins onto dura.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Resembles <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a479c9f4081692777187a3308ccd27\">extradural</span> hematoma.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Ruptures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin splits resembling <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"13e924e3cb169277719021021fc6d2\">incised</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55a1f34a051692777191fefd6dfafa\">lacerated</span> wounds due to heat <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ca2289e348169277718516017eb2ba\">contraction</span> of tissue.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contraction of heated, coagulated tissue.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fissures contain nerves, vessels, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"67e237a57c16927771859803f93ab3\">connective</span> tissue; no clotted blood, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> margins, no bruising.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Differentiates heat damage from violent injury.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pugilistic Attitude</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flexed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"115643fed616927771961316effc71\">posture</span> of arms and legs resembling a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"abe20558701692777183759b34216b\">boxing</span> stance.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Coagulation of muscle proteins and dehydration.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flexor muscles contract more than extensors; seen in cremations.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No significance whether alive or dead pre-burn.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Fractures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fractures caused by heat, with long bones showing curved fractures.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8f8e685bad16927771985cfaa5810f\">shrinkage</span> pulls on tendons and bones during exposure to high heat.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat fractures do not involve skull sutures; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"754d8bd3661692777193727d1e7418\">neurocranium</span> remains as fragments up to 10 cm; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e441c1e2d16927771892158232a2c\">hyoid</span> can become fragile.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Identifies extreme heat exposure and helps distinguish heat fractures from trauma.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Hematoma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Tomonori Murakami, Saori Akashi, M. Uetani, Takehiko Murase, Takuma Yamamoto, K. Ikematsu\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Burned-bodies%3A-How-do-we-evaluate-the-death-in-a-on-Murakami-Akashi/5834eb0b43f06b80f0ab5989f6372dcf7b783a7a\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3090\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/IxgTrB0I4RXEM5ZzgR101736170010.png\" width=\"4167\"/></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heat Ruptures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Tomonori Murakami, Saori Akashi, M. Uetani, Takehiko Murase, Takuma Yamamoto, K. Ikematsu\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Burned-bodies%3A-How-do-we-evaluate-the-death-in-a-on-Murakami-Akashi/5834eb0b43f06b80f0ab5989f6372dcf7b783a7a\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2510\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/FKNl89n2O9HHttX19XA91736170296.png\" width=\"4167\"/><br/>\n<img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Samynathan, Peranantham &amp; G, Manigandan &amp; Kandasamy, Shanmugam. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Heat-rupture-found-over-the-left-side-of-forehead-and-face_fig2_276438640\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/AvCk7mYhXa8X29awuJHd1736170402.png\" width=\"2003\"/><br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pugilistic Attitude</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mastrolorenzo, Giuseppe &amp; Petrone, Pierpaolo &amp; Pappalardo, Lucia &amp; Guarino, Fabio.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Life-like-stance-a1-infant-and-a2-adult-female-House-of-the-gold-bracelet-Regio_fig2_44684223\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/gKPweSc9INoApG5nyVWq1736170585.png\" width=\"3078\"/><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Tomonori Murakami, Saori Akashi, M. Uetani, Takehiko Murase, Takuma Yamamoto, K. Ikematsu\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Burned-bodies%3A-How-do-we-evaluate-the-death-in-a-on-Murakami-Akashi/5834eb0b43f06b80f0ab5989f6372dcf7b783a7a\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3385\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ydUXrielAzeJwXzqP8Us1736170669.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">Heat Fractures</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Tomonori Murakami, Saori Akashi, M. Uetani, Takehiko Murase, Takuma Yamamoto, K. Ikematsu\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Burned-bodies%3A-How-do-we-evaluate-the-death-in-a-on-Murakami-Akashi/5834eb0b43f06b80f0ab5989f6372dcf7b783a7a\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2721\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/WVQyh9wdkTzS94T7zgSf1736170845.png\" width=\"4167\"/></td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ho1mscWXzHFjM3egIk951748263926.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A police surgeon is tasked with determining whether the burns on a deceased individual occurred before or after death. The body was discovered in a residential fire, and toxicology revealed elevated carbon monoxide levels. Which among the following findings is more relatable to the elevated carbon monoxide levels?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Absence of soot in the upper respiratory tract", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Blisters filled with clear fluid and air", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Presence of an inflammatory reaction at the burn edges", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Both B and C", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Presence of an inflammatory reaction at the burn edges", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:623px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>S.No</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antemortem burns</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem burns</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Line of redness</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Vesicles</p>\n<p><strong>(Option B and D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contain <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3963a2e0fa169277719874304f5705\">serous</span> fluid, rich in albumin, chloride, and some polymorphs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Contain air; if fluid is present, it contains little <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1fa594dc2b169277718104d76aa4e2\">albumin</span> and no chloride</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Base of vesicles</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Red and inflamed</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dull, dry, hard and yellow</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Soot in upper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> tract</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May be present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inflammation and repair</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present along with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e4626b4cea16927771968e59732fef\">pus</span> and slough</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Healing</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Granulation tissue seen in old cases</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carboxyhemoglobin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Present</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>8</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Enzyme reaction</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Increase in enzymes in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"316866040e1692777195f45393e010\">periphery</span> of burns</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No such increase</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KrRuomkw99UjzyP79krt1740487911.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 25-year-old male sustains second-degree burns covering 40% of his total body surface area (TBSA) in an industrial accident. According to the Parkland formula, how much fluid should be administered within the first 24 hours?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "4,000 mL", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "8,000 mL", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "12,000 mL", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "16,000 mL", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 12,000 mL", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:465px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>TBSA (%) × Weight (kg) × 4 = Volume (ml) to be administered</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:366px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medico-legal Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1st Degree burns</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Simple</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2nd Degree burns</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Grievous</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3rd Degree burns</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Grievous</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:722px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Causes of Death in Burn Cases</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time Frame</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immediate Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primary or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fec88fc386169277719326fdef547f\">neurogenic</span> shock</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Due to extreme pain or fear.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immediate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Asphyxia (M/C)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhalation of CO, CO₂, cyanide, or building collapse during escape; COHb &gt; 50% confirms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> poisoning.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immediate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smoke/heat-induced <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56287efdeb16927771917db1ec06bb\">laryngospasm</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Respiratory arrest or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> reflex-induced <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrest from smoke inhalation.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immediate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Delayed Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypovolemic (burn) shock(M/C)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs 24–48 hours post-burn due to fluid and protein loss, leading to decreased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> output.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>24–48 hours</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Glottic edema</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> of irritants or hot gases; may lead to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> failure or ARDS.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 3 days</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Toxemia</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absorption of toxic substances from burnt areas, leading to death in 3–4 days.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3–4 days</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sepsis</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leading <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> after 4–5 days, from infections like burn wounds, pneumonia, or UTI.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4–5 days or more</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Infective complications</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88fc567bb91692777187cd1224a20a\">enteritis</span> may cause delayed death.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Delayed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Remote Causes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Complications</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anorexia, hematemesis, indigestion, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> issues, or melena.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Weeks to months</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chronic infection</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Suppurative <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9dd87431ba1692777186ecfb21d258\">discharge</span> from infected burns can lead to internal organ disease.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Weeks to months</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Other complications</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gangrene, tetanus, anemia, edema, jaundice.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Weeks to months</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 7 year old child is admitted in ER with burns to the entire posterior trunk and the left lower limb. Using the Lund and Browder chart, calculate the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) affected?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "25%", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "35%", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "36%", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "40%", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 35%", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Body Surface Area Assessment in Children</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Lund and Browder Chart)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Baseline Percentages (Under 1 Year)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Head: 18% of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)</li>\n<li>Each Leg: 14% of TBSA</li>\n<li>Trunk and Arms: Same as adult percentages</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Age Adjustment Formula</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For each year over age 1:</strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Add 0.5% to each leg</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Subtract 1.0% from head</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Continue adjustments until adult values are reached.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Example Calculation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>For a 3-year-old child:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Start with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c8a051a89169277718256c92278c5\">baseline</span> values</li>\n<li>Adjust for 2 years (age 1 to 3):\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Legs: 14% + (2 × 0.5%) = 15% each</li>\n<li>Head: 18% - (2 × 1.0%) = 16%</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/FKTtme6JnKWOQ0dJ8Gu71740058695.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male is brought to the emergency department with burns covering his anterior trunk and anterior right upper limb. Using the Wallace Rule of Nines, what percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) is affected, and how does this correlate with forensic medicine in terms of assessing the severity and cause of injury?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "18%", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "22.5%", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "27%", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "36%", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 22.5%", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/RfGbTKpT8S1XpDaUrfpB1736168375.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:744px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Body Part</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Estimated TBSA Adults</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Labeled Image</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire left arm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"10\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Jmarchn\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wallace_rule_of_nines-en.svg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/RfGbTKpT8S1XpDaUrfpB1736168375.png\" width=\"3627\"/></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire right arm</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Head &amp; neck</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Back of chest</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abdomen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Back of Abdomen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>9%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Perineum</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire left leg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Entire right leg</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>18%</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uuPOnh7Qe7B4zR2G4dW81740058203.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Destruction of superficial skin is classified under which category in Wilson’s classification of burns?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Epidermal", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Dermal", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Dermo-epidermal", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Deep", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Dermo-epidermal", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/JIH9YtIYbeYpvVM1sDGH1736168141.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:570px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Category</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Degree of damage</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Epidermal</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Erythema</li>\n<li>Vesication with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"495ed15ced1692777183595fc14e52\">blister</span> formation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dermo-epidermal</p>\n<p><strong>(Option C) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Destruction of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> skin</li>\n<li>Destruction of whole skin including dermis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Deep</p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Destruction of deep fascia, muscles</li>\n<li>Complete charing involving vessels, nerves, bones</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7x8QFyufIda4Jdr8I39Y1740057996.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following types of burns with its characteristics Type of heat Characteristic 1. Dry heat burn a. Vesicles over the burned area 2. Moist heat burn b. No vesicles present 3. Chemical burn c. Vesicles at the circumference of the burnt area", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a, 2-b, 3-c", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-b, 3-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-b", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-c, 3-a", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:533px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Feature</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dry Heat Burn</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Moist Heat Burn</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chemical Burn</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Flame, heated body, or X-rays</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Solid steam or liquid &gt; 60ºC</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Corrosives</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Site</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>At or above the site of contact</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>At and below the site of contact</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>At or below the site of contact</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Splashing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Skin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dry, wrinkled, and may be charred</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodden, bleached</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Corroded and devitalized</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vesicles</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>At the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e190b1ed716927771848781259060\">circumference</span> of the burnt area</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Over the burnt area</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Usually not present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Redline</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Color</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Black</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bleached</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Distinctive coloration</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Charring</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Singeing</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ulceration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Scar</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thick, contracted</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thin, less contracted</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thick, contracted</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clothes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Burnt</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wet, not burnt</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It may be burnt, with characteristic stains</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SY1FTvonHKH9xSqa6DK21740057866.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements regarding heat stroke is wrong?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sweating is present", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Core body temperature of more than 40.5°C", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Failure of thermoregulation", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sudden collapse", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Sweating is present", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/8GI7M7ksDlWXWmVucOK21736168042.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:640px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Cramps (Miner’s/Stoker’s/Fireman’s Cramps)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e0552462e16927771871413861fb7\">electrolyte</span> depletion</strong> (dilutional hyponatremia), following vigorous activity and profuse sweating.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sudden severe muscle cramps (arms, legs, abdomen)</li>\n<li>Tender, hard, lumpy muscles</li>\n<li>Flushed face, dilated pupils, dizziness, vomiting</li>\n<li>Moist, cool skin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a7581c8b01692777183819f38c633\">body temperature</span> normal/slightly elevated</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Non-specific</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Exhaustion</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prolonged strenuous activity with inadequate water/salt <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6cdcd39cf2169277719068e247e38d\">intake</span> in a hot environment.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nausea, vomiting, malaise, myalgia</li>\n<li>CNS symptoms: dizziness, fatigue, impaired judgment, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb2d1482916927771964c2890313e\">psychosis</span> (severe water depletion)</li>\n<li>Moist skin, increased pulse, rectal temperature &gt; 37.8°C</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Non-specific</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Stroke</p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Failure of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f36a7c49d116927772002856c83dc1\">thermoregulation</span> in extreme heat exposure <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sudden collapse-loss of consciousness <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Skin hot, initially wet, then dry</li>\n<li>Hyperventilation- tachycardia</li>\n<li>Core temp &gt; 40.5°C <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Pupils contracted</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Unconsciousness</li>\n<li>Cerebral dysfunction</li>\n<li>High fever</li>\n<li>Absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fab5233721692777199fc0bcd1210\">sweating</span> <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Congested lungs, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09d1aa62351692777190c98d0dbb12\">intrathoracic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> (children)</li>\n<li>Subendocardial hemorrhages</li>\n<li>Brain congestion, flattened convolutions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> in the 3rd/4th <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> walls</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/N8El5jsFRn52ZZrl0ceF1740057729.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements regarding immersion syndrome and frostbite is false?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Immersion syndrome affects the extremities", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pressure is applied in frostbite treatment", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Dampness is required for immersion syndrome", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tetanus prophylaxis is given in frostbite cases with deep infection", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Pressure is applied in frostbite treatment", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/U525kMtk1LaTdQG3Ia6m1736167798.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ugoo5ZyKpwmgBYeUZWhr1736167829.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:637px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immersion Syndrome (Trench/Immersion Foot/Hand)</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Mehmet Karatay\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench_foot\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/U525kMtk1LaTdQG3Ia6m1736167798.png\" width=\"1190\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prolonged exposure to severe cold (&lt;10ºC) and dampness (common in warfare, trenches, or sea immersion)<strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Affects extremities (feet, hands) <strong>(Option A ruled out) </strong></li>\n<li>Cold, numbness, burning, cyanosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Air drying, protecting extremities from trauma and infection, gradual rewarming by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"46860a8053169277718175e8e491fa\">air exposure</span> at <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"82897eb3821692777197ca2f192349\">room temperature</span> (avoid heat, massaging, or moistening the skin)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Frostbite</p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"CheckDO \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frostbite\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Ugoo5ZyKpwmgBYeUZWhr1736167829.png\" width=\"1303\"/></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Exposure to extreme cold (-2.5ºC), causing tissue freezing and blood supply obstruction</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blue-black disco No loration of fingers, toes, nose, ears, face.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mild cases: numbness, prickling.</li>\n<li>Severe cases: paresthesia, stiffness, necrosis, gangrene, edema, blisters.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Rewarming:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>For <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ebb480187d1692777199e233e9e356\">superficial</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9db5c32d52169277720386478c79ac\">frostbite</span> (frostnip): Firm steady pressure is applied with a warm hand (without rubbing), by placing fingers in the armpits and for the feet, by covering with dry socks</li>\n<li>For deep frostbite: Frozen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8ed8e0fb61692777187c860f7056f\">extremity</span> is immersed for several minutes in a moving water bath, heated to 40–42°C, until the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5ff25303a01692777186731f6a4f5c\">distal</span> tip of the part being thawed, flushes</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Pressure or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"468709afe3169277720301878d09fd\">friction</span> is avoided <strong>(Option B) </strong></li>\n<li>Anti-infective measures: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"64dfe4fca51692777200a7ffbc44bb\">Tetanus</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc36e9b9381692777196b5f9a2f79c\">prophylaxis</span> and antibiotics for deep infection <strong>(Option D ruled out) </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/EsEE7G72wAwB86COARKn1740057620.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 31 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. 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On arrival, she is unresponsive and later dies. Upon forensic examination, the immediate cause of death is determined. Which of the following is NOT typically considered an immediate cause of death in cases of criminal abortion?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Fat embolism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Septicemia", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Amniotic fluid embolism", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Vagal inhibition", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Septicemia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immediate cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Delayed cause (onset within 48 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"136c4bdd441692777189c5b2e976a0\">hrs</span> to 72 hrs)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Remote cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">Vagal</span> inhibition</p>\n<p>2) Air embolism</p>\n<p>3) Hemorrhage</p>\n<p>4) Fat embolism</p>\n<p>5) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c0fb943ce16927771815ddeb9824d\">Amniotic</span> fluid embolism</p>\n<p>6) Rarely poisoning.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1) Septicemia</p>\n<p>2) Pyaemia</p>\n<p>3) Confined local infection and toxemia</p>\n<p>4) General peritonitis</p>\n<p>5) Tetanus.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"029f7520711692777190fd7d70c220\">Jaundice</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure</p>\n<p>2) Bacterial endocarditis</p>\n<p>3) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">Pulmonary</span> embolism.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/m8kyO3Hc1U6pbMYJxvcQ1739542281.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Bestiality is a term given to which of the following unnatural sexual offenses?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Anal intercourse", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Oral intercourse", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Female homosexuality", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sexual intercourse with an animal", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Sexual intercourse with an animal", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/CC75vuUumGcOqEWlA9de1737274789.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following acts cannot be considered as rape?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Inserting an article into the urethra", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Manipulating any part of a woman’s body to cause penetration", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Penetrating wife without consent", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Appling mouth-to-mouth", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Penetrating wife without consent", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BNS 63 (Old: Section 375 IPC)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unlawful sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> by a man with a woman through force or under certain conditions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Acts considered </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Penetrates his <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"028d70d3e11692777195f204ee2764\">penis</span> into the vagina, mouth, urethra, or anus</li>\n<li>Inserts any object or body part (not his penis) or applies his mouth to the vagina, mouth, urethra, or anus<strong> (Option A ruled out) (Option D ruled out) </strong></li>\n<li>Manipulates any part of the woman's body to cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31dd0b58bb1692777195e6016ecd51\">penetration</span> into the vagina, urethra, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08e2e9f18c169277718155d36ba98e\">anus</span> <strong>(Option B ruled out) </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Circumstances </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Against her will</li>\n<li>Without her consent</li>\n<li>With her consent obtained through fear of death or hurt</li>\n<li>With her consent, when she believes he is her husband due to impersonation</li>\n<li>When she cannot understand the nature of consent due to unsoundness of mind, intoxication, or being drugged</li>\n<li>Statutory rape: With or without her consent, if she is under 18 years of age</li>\n<li>When she is unable to communicate consent</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exception </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Medical interventions or procedures</li>\n<li>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> by a man with his wife if she is not under 18 years of age <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1aqbUNUeMX07KUkyOZhJ1737274604.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the BNS sections with the offences BNS Section Offense 1. 97 a. Importing a girl under 21 years into India from a foreign country for illicit intercourse 2. 137 (1) (b) b. Abducting a minor from lawful guardianship 3. 96 c. Abducting a child under 10 years to take any moveable property 4. 141 d. Procuring a girl under 18 years for illicit intercourse", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:623px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>New</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Old</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>About</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BNS 97</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Section 369 IPC</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Kidnapping or abducting a child under 10 years with the intent to take dishonestly any moveable property from the child</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BNS 137 (1)(b)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Section 361 IPC</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Kidnapping or abducting a minor from lawful guardianship:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boy under 16 years</li>\n<li>Girl under 18 years</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BNS 96</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Section 366A IPC</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Procuring a girl under 18 years old for illicit <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> or for prostitution</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BNS 141</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Section 366B IPC</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Importing a girl under 21 years into India from a foreign country for illicit intercourse</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A man attacks a woman in public and tries to disrobe her. What is the punishment he will get for this?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "3-7 years of imprisonment and fine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-3 years of imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "7-10 years of imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "4-7 years of imprisonment", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 3-7 years of imprisonment and fine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unwanted sexual behavior or touching of a female without her consent, intending to outrage her modesty</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Legal Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>BNS 74</li>\n<li>Old: Section 354 IPC</li>\n<li>1-5 years imprisonment and/or fine</li>\n<li>The offense is cognizable, non-bailable, and non-compoundable</li>\n<li>Tried by any Magistrate</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Whoever assaults or uses criminal force on any woman or abets such act with the intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>BNS 76</li>\n<li>Old: Section 354-B IPC</li>\n<li>3-7 years imprisonment and fine <strong>(Option A) </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tfbZkiEYSuKf275IsTOW1745319417.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Acid attack comes under which of the following BNS sections?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS 124", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS 119 (1)", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS 123", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS 119 (2)", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. BNS 124", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Definition</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Throwing or attempting to throw acid or any <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16a98a214c16927771852d7f6c344e\">corrosive</span> substance that can cause bodily injury, disfigurement, scars, temporary or permanent disability, or grievous hurt</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BNS sections</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Section <strong>BNS 124 (1)</strong><strong> </strong>and Section <strong>BNS 124 (2)</strong><strong> </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imprisonment from 5 to 7 or 10 years to life and fine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bvIAIaQYo4AXihaT9BuY1745318939.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32 year old man gets into an argument and intentionally causes severe injuries to another person, resulting in a broken arm and significant physical pain. The police decided to charge him under the appropriate section of the BNS. Which section of the BNS is appropriate in this context?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "He is charged under the section BNS 115 (1)", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "He is charged under the section BNS 115 (2)", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "He is charged under the section BNS 117 (2)", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "He is charged under the section BNS 124 (2)", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. He is charged under the section BNS 117 (2)", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:632px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Old</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Section of IPC</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offense</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Punishment (Imprisonment)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fine</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 115 (2)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>323</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily causing simple hurt</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>With/without fine (up to ₹10000)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 118 (1) </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>324</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily causing simple hurt by dangerous weapons/means</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 3 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>With/without fine (up to ₹20000)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 117 (2)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>325</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily causing grievous hurt</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 7 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 118 (2)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>326</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons/means</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mandatory minimum imprisonment for one year</p>\n<p>Up to 10 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 124 (1)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>326-A</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acids</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>10 years to life imprisonment</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yes (paid to the victim)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 124 (2)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>326-B</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5-7 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 120 (2)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>331</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fab1b509f91692777197e8f5af6253\">restoration</span> of property</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 10 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Yes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ENEPvtMKel8gn5imToVn1739543059.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35 year old man was assaulted, leading to several injuries and is hospitalized. You are tasked with determining whether the case fits the legal classification of grievous hurt under BNS 116 for some of the expected events. Which of the following scenarios would NOT be classified as grievous hurt?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The person dies due to an injury that, under normal circumstances, was not intended to cause death.", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "The person suffers an abdominal injury causing the intestines to protrude and is hospitalized for 22 days.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The person sustains a deep injury without any fracture or permanent disfigurement.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The person is in a coma for 20 days following a severe head injury.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. The person dies due to an injury that, under normal circumstances, was not intended to cause death.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40 year old man was involved in an altercation and sustained multiple injuries. You are evaluating whether these injuries qualify as grievous hurt under BNS 116. Which of the following scenarios does NOT meet the criteria for classifying the injury as grievous hurt?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "He is rendered impotent after sustaining a serious genital injury.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "He loses a single tooth due to a punch on his face", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "He attains a cut injury on his face that temporarily alters his appearance.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "He got his wrist fractured due to a heavy fall", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. He attains a cut injury on his face that temporarily alters his appearance.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/eryDWnjrPm8FGuCrkdEh1739542623.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following correctly defines the term \"injury\" as per legal terminology?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Harm caused to a person’s reputation, body, or property, irrespective of legality.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Any harm legally or illegally caused to a person's mind, body, or property.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Any harm caused to a person's physical body.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Any harm illegally caused to a person, in body, mind, reputation, or property.", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Any harm illegally caused to a person, in body, mind, reputation, or property.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:623px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>IPC</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Term</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>44</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Injury</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sec 2(14)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The word \"injury\" denotes any harm illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation, or property.<strong> (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>45</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Life</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sec 2(17)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The word \"life\" denotes the life of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>46</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Death</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sec 2(6)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The word \"death\" denotes the death of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/j6JWPRYmVJds8HuEaBPO1739542431.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 11-year old child accused of murder was let go free after the trial. What could be the likely explanation in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS 20 - depending on the mental maturity", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS 20 - never held liable", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS 21 - depending on the mental maturity", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS 21 - never held liable", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. BNS 21 - depending on the mental maturity", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xwerOEDkmiSsseVG1AWN1737090489.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the BNS sections with the offense BNS Section Offense 1. 104 a. Attempt to commit suicide. 2. 107 b. Punishment for murder by life convict. 3. 109 c. Abetment of suicide of child or insane person. 4. 226 d. Attempt to murder.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:414px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS Section </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offense </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>104</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Punishment for murder by life convict.</li>\n<li><strong>Punishment: Death penalty</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>105</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Punishment for culpable <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d99c0d93d1692777189a9b55f0c3f\">homicide</span> not amounting to murder.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Punishment</strong>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Part I: Life imprisonment or up to 10 years and fine.</li>\n<li>Part II: Up to 10 years imprisonment or fine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>107</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abetment of suicide of child or insane person.</li>\n<li><strong>Punishment</strong>: Death penalty or life imprisonment or up to 10 years and fine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>108</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abetment of suicide.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Up to 10 years imprisonment and fine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>109</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Attempt to murder.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Up to life imprisonment or up to 10 years and fine. If injury occurs, may extend to life imprisonment.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>110</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Attempt to commit culpable homicide.</li>\n<li><strong>Punishment</strong>: Up to 3 years imprisonment or fine, or both. If injury occurs, may extend to 7 years.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>226</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Attempt to commit suicide.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Up to 1 year imprisonment or fine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/eXaYwHbCeEfGgDQnoSc71745141842.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 60 year old man gets into a heated argument with his neighbor during a community event. In a fit of rage, he pushes the neighbour hard, causing him to fall and hit his head on a concrete surface. The neighbor sustains a severe head injury and dies a few hours later in the hospital. He did not intend to kill but was reckless during the confrontation. Which section of the BNS would he be most likely be charged under?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS 301", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS 104", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS 105", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS 102", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. BNS 105", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bLcGNkTHTJbzLbNKWMKc1739541940.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A surgeon deliberately administers a lethal dose of anesthesia to a patient during a routine surgery because of a personal grudge. The patient dies on the operating table. Investigations reveal that the surgeon was fully aware that the dose would cause death. Under which section of the BNS would the surgeon be charged?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS 301", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS 302", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS 101", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS 102", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. BNS 101", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ENqy5enfNVvz6FPLW26s1745141201.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the BNS sections with the offense BNS Section Offense 1.274 a. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale 2. 275 b. Sale of adulterated drugs 3. 276 c. Sale of noxious food or drink 4. 277 d. Adulteration of drugs", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-b", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:491px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS Section </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offense </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>274</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Imprisonment upto 6 months or fine.</li>\n<li>Bailable</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>275</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sale of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31e5bff13d16927771936b61ba35b7\">noxious</span> food or drinks.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Imprisonment upto 6 months or fine.</li>\n<li>Bailable</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>276</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Adulteration of drugs.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Imprisonment upto 6 months or fine.</li>\n<li>Non bailable</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>277</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sale of adulterated drugs.</li>\n<li>Punishment: Imprisonment upto 6 months or fine.</li>\n<li>Bailable</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VSWq5KbqKxbpDQ0YuZZT1739541560.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32 year old man, unaware that he is HIV positive, has been in a relationship with a woman for the past year. Neither he nor his partner has undergone recent medical check-ups, and they have been engaging in unprotected intercourse. Unfortunately, she tests positive for HIV as well. This act comes under which BNS?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS Section 271", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS Section 272", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS Section 106A", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS Section 109", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. BNS Section 271", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Option</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Section</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Pertains To</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Applicability in Case</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>BNS 271 <strong>(Option A)</strong></td>\n<td><em>Negligent act likely to spread infection</em></td>\n<td><strong>Requires knowledge or reason to believe</strong> the act is likely to spread infection.</td>\n<td>Not applicable – he was unaware.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BNS 272 <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td><em>Adulteration of food/drug</em></td>\n<td>Related to <strong>tampering with consumables</strong>.</td>\n<td>Not related.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BNS 106A <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td><em>Organised crime/terror-related offences</em></td>\n<td>Not related to <strong>infectious disease</strong> or <strong>health violations</strong>.</td>\n<td>Not applicable.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BNS 109 <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></td>\n<td><em>Abetment of an offence</em></td>\n<td><strong>Secondary offence</strong> when someone <strong>aids/instigates</strong> a crime.</td>\n<td>Not primary here.</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/osb0cJDRp3oVqWYWxFX81739541389.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the Following (Based on BNS Sections): Code Description 1) BNS 227 a) Giving false evidence under oath 2) BNS 229 b) Punishment for giving false evidence under oath 3) BNS 234 c) Punishment for issuing a false certificate 4) BNS 238 d) Punishment for causing disappearance of vital evidence", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:563px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 227</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Giving false evidence under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba028341716927771941e1dc3b066\">oath</span> <em>(Perjury)</em></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 229</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for giving false evidence under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba028341716927771941e1dc3b066\">oath</span> <em>(Punishment for perjury)</em></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 234</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for issuing a false certificate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 238</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for disappearance of vital evidence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Section</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Punishment</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 227</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Giving false evidence/statement under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba028341716927771941e1dc3b066\">oath</span> by a witness (Perjury)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>As defined under law</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 228</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fabrication of evidence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>As per provisions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 229</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for giving false evidence under oath</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 234</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for issuing a false certificate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 238</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Disappearance of vital evidence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 239</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intentional omission of vital information by a person legally <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d82fcb9d1f16927771836a9f6ccf14\">bound</span> to inform</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>As per provisions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/HizFlqiDwTCY1lpgSwmZ1737091260.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Person presented to ED with complaints of severe chest pain for 1 hour. CT chest done revealed the presence of Aortic dissection. Patient was taken up for an emergency endovascular surgery without obtaining consent as there were no caregivers present at the time of presentation. Patient succumbed to hypotensive shock during the procedure. The surgeon will not be held liable under", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS 26", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS 27", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS 28", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS 30", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. BNS 30", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 25</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Act not intended to cause death/grievous hurt done by a person &gt;18 years of age after rightful consent.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 26 </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Act done in good faith for a person’s benefit after obtaining lawful consent.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 27 </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Act done in good faith for the benefit of a child (&lt;12 years) or a person with unsound mind with guardian’s consent</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 28 </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Consent given by a person under fear or threat/under misconception of fact/child under 12 years of age/person of unsound mind/under intoxicated state is considered invalid.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 30 </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>An <strong>act done in good faith for the benefit of a person</strong> <strong>without their consent is not an offense.</strong></li>\n<li>This is true if the circumstances make it impossible for the person to give consent.</li>\n<li>Known as <strong>Doctrine of Anticipation.</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xLVqEr0D8CYh0ZUlB3Gg1737091059.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "BNS 27 deals with", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Act done in good faith for the benefit of a child (&amp;lt;12 years) with guardian’s consent", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Act done in good faith for a person’s benefit after obtaining lawful consent", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Act not intended to cause death/grievous hurt done by a person &amp;gt;18 years of age", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Consent is not valid when it is given by fear/misconception", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Act done in good faith for the benefit of a child (&lt;12 years) with guardian’s consent", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 25 </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Any act which causes harm <strong>except</strong> the act intended to cause death or grievous hurt is not an offense if it is done with the consent of a person who is <strong>above 18 years</strong> of age.</li>\n<li>Consent can be either <strong>Implied (or) Expressed.</strong></li>\n<li>E.g., two boxers fighting each other in an olympic match.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 26 </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>If a person commits an<strong> act done in good faith</strong> and<strong> with the consent</strong> for the benefit of that person, it will not be considered an offense.</li>\n<li>E.g., a surgeon performing surgery after getting consent.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 27 </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Any <strong>act done in good faith</strong> for the benefit of a <strong>child (&lt;12 years)</strong> or a person of <strong>unsound mind</strong> after obtaining <strong>guardian’s (caregiver’s) consent.</strong></li>\n<li>Neither the Doer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fe5171bb0016927771933a5ca5d376\">nor</span> the Caregiver would be held responsible for any unforeseen consequences.</li>\n<li>E.g., a doctor doing necessary medical examination on a child (&lt;12years) after obtaining guardian’s consent.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 28 </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Consent is not valid if it is given by a person under <strong>fear or threat</strong>/under <strong>misconception</strong> of fact/child <strong>under 12 years of age</strong>/person of <strong>unsound mind</strong>/under <strong>intoxicated state</strong>.</li>\n<li>E.g., a female giving consent for sex to her boss under fear of losing her job is considered invalid.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LpwXNHsqHUliQjEvk7uf1737090796.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Husband physically assaults his wife following a verbal altercation between them. On enquiry, it is known that the Husband was under the influence of alcohol during this act and his wife reveals that he is a chronic alcoholic, drinks on a daily basis. Which section deals with the liable act done by her husband?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS 20", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS 22", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS 23", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS 24", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. BNS 24", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>BNS 20 </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Act done by a child <strong>below 7 years</strong> <strong>of age</strong> - <strong>NOT</strong> held liable</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>BNS 21</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Act done by a child between <strong>7-12 years of age</strong> <strong>can/cannot</strong> be held liable depending on the mental <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba06b6179a16927771925370a2760c\">maturity</span> (assessed by The court of law)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>BNS 22 </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Act of a person of <strong>unsound mind/insane</strong> - <strong>NOT</strong> held liable <strong>(McNaughten’s rule)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>BNS 23 </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Act of a person done under<strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42b110efe11692777190ea5720c867\">involuntary</span> intoxication</strong> - <strong>NOT</strong> held liable</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>BNS 24 </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Act of a person done under <strong>voluntary intoxication</strong> <strong>- Held liable</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ByIze3OuVhIasgqCYZfy1737090652.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 30 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A case of death of a married female within 3 years of marriage was reported. Inquest is done by?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Judicial", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Police", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Coroner", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Magistrate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Magistrate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/PI2pc0xvnk4xzs47PNkN1747840509.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Police Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Magistrate Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conducted by</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Police officer</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magistrate (DM, SDM, Judicial, or Executive Magistrate)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Involvement of witnesses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Requires signatures of panchas</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Does not require witness signatures</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Witness statements</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Admissible in court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not admissible in court</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Can order arrest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No, but can arrest in cognizable offenses</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can issue arrest warrants</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exhumation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot order exhumation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can order <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ede3648ef1692777187540bde750b\">exhumation</span> of a body</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy orders</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sends bodies for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> indiscriminately</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Orders <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> only when necessary</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Forensic analysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot order chemical analysis of viscera</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can order chemical analysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following does not constitute grievous hurt under Section 320 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Emasculation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Fracture of femur", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Permanent privation of hearing", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "7 days hospital admission", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 7 days hospital admission", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 12 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A villager was assaulted by 4-5 people &amp;amp; brought to hospital in serious condition. His dying declaration was being taken in hospital. What is correct regarding this process?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Magistrate can record the statement", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Doctor can record the statement", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Leading questions can be asked", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Oath is compulsory before recording the statement", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Magistrate can record the statement", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:733px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dying Declaration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dying Deposition</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Recorder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anyone—Magistrate/doctor/village headman/police/any member of the public</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Always recorded by a Magistrate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oath </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not required</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Must be taken</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Accused or his counsel</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Always present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cross-examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not done</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Done</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Legal value</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Comparatively less</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Much more</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Admissibility if declarant survives</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not admitted, but has corroborative value</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fully admitted</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Nature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Merely recording of statement</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Complete court procedure</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type of evidence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Documentary</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Status in India</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Followed</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not followed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Leading Qs </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not Permitted</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Permitted</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A married female died in unnatural condition within 3 years of marriage. Her father filed a report to police and inquiry will be done under which section?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "194 BNSS/174 CrPC", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "196 BNSS/176 CrPC", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "116 BNS &amp;amp; 194 BNSS", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "106 BNS &amp;amp; 194 BNSS", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 196 BNSS/176 CrPC", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Police Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Magistrate Inquest</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conducted by</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Police officer</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magistrate (DM, SDM, Judicial, or Executive Magistrate)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Involvement of witnesses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Requires signatures of panchas</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Does not require witness signatures</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Witness statements</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Admissible in court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not admissible in court</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Can order arrest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No, but can arrest in cognizable offenses</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can issue arrest warrants</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exhumation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot order exhumation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can order <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ede3648ef1692777187540bde750b\">exhumation</span> of a body</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy orders</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sends bodies for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> indiscriminately</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Orders <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> only when necessary</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Forensic analysis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot order chemical analysis of viscera</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can order chemical analysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Who order the autopsy in case of RTA?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Forensic expert", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Police", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lawyer", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "forensic doctor", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Police", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - P\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic expert received a summons from the district court to record his evidence in a criminal case, but two days prior, he already received a summons for a civil case in the same district court for the same date. What should the doctor do?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Inform both courts and wait.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Attend the court for which the summons came first.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Attend the court for the criminal case.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Do not attend either court.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Attend the court for the criminal case.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 13-year-old girl is brought to the OPD by her mother with a complaint of abdominal pain. The patient's urine pregnancy test (UPT) is positive. What should be the first step by you as a medical officer?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Start physical examination", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Inform the police", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Take consent from the patient's mother", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Preserve the patient's clothes", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Inform the police", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The authority who investigates the death of a 14-year-old girl who was abducted by a man and subsequently died while in police custody will be?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Coroner", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Police", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Medical examiner", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Judicial magistrate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Judicial magistrate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The first-hand knowledge rule is applicable to which of the following?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Common witness", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hand writing expert", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Doctor", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hostile witness", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Common witness", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - C\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Witness Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Rule</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Explanation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Common Witness</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>First-hand Knowledge</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A common witness must have personally observed or experienced the event in question and can provide testimony based on their direct knowledge of the event.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Handwriting Expert</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Expert Opinion</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A handwriting expert provides testimony based on their specialized knowledge and training in analyzing and comparing handwriting samples.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Doctor</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Expert Opinion</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A doctor may provide expert testimony based on their medical knowledge, professional experience, and interpretation of medical records and test results.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hostile Witness</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cross-Examination</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A hostile witness is subject to cross-examination by opposing counsel to challenge their testimony, credibility, or biases, but no specific rule applies to them directly.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the appropriate course of action following the observation of cigarette burn marks on the forearm of a 14-year-old girl who presents to a doctor with a fractured forearm, claiming to have fallen and hit her hand?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "To inform higher authorities", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "To do a complete physical examination", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "To tell or discuss with colleagues that she is a case of abuse", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "To call local social worker for help", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. To do a complete physical examination", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - To do a complete ph\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Enacted</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2012 (Amended in 2019)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Objective</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>To provide legal protection to children against sexual offenses and create a child-friendly legal system for their investigation and trial</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Applicability</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Covers all children under the age of 18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of Offenses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Penetrative sexual assault</li>\n<li>Aggravated penetrative sexual assault</li>\n<li>Sexual assault</li>\n<li>Aggravated sexual assault</li>\n<li>Other offenses against children</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Reporting and Investigation Process</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Reporting to the police or designated authorities</li>\n<li>Recording of statements in a child-friendly manner</li>\n<li>Medical examination and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> evidence collection</li>\n<li>Support services for the child during the investigation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "If a healthcare professional is found guilty of professional misconduct , they must provide the patient's records promptly upon request, within:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "72 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "48 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "24 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "7 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 72 hours", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - 72 hou\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "When an individual commences employment with a second employer , the new employer assumes responsibility for the individual's actions, under which doctrine ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Vicarious liability", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Doctrine of negligent choice", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contributory negligence", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Borrowed servant doctrine", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Borrowed servant doctrine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - Borrowed serv\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Death registration in India done within?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "21 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "28 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "30 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "40 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 21 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - 2\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 16-year-old girl was rescued from a village in Bihar where she had been sold off by her father for Rs. 25000 to a 45-year-old man . On examination, she was found to be 12 weeks pregnant . She was granted permission to abort the pregnancy, taking into consideration the age of the girl and the circumstances of her pregnancy . A doctor who will be eligible to perform the abortion for this girl should have performed at least how many MTP prior to this?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "10", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "15", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "25", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "35", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 25", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - 25: \n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which article in the constitution does not pertain to children ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Article21A", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Article24", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Article45", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Article 42", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Article 42", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D - A\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Article Number</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Article Title and Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Article 21A</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Right to Education</strong>: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Article 24</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prohibition of employment of children in hazardous occupations or engaged in any <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> of forced labor.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Article 45</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provision of<strong> early childhood care and education for children </strong>below the age of six years.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which section of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) is associated with the penalization of perjury ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "191", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "192", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "193", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "197", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 193", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Section 193 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Section</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Offense/Topic</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Section 191</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Giving false evidence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Section 192</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Fabricating false evidence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Section 193</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Punishment for false evidence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Section 196</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Using evidence known to be false</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Section 197</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Issuing or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"021d2f43da169277719870c7638655\">signing</span> false certificate</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Section 201</p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<p>Causing disappearance of evidence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the responsibility of the doctor in recording the dying declaration of a victim affected by a fire ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "To assess compos mentis", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "To record the statement even in the presence of magistrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cross-examine the person", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Put the person under oath before declaration", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. To assess compos mentis", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - T\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Dying Declaration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>It is followed in India</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>It is the statement given by the dying patient</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>This statement can be a</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Oral statement</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Document</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>It is based on the 32 IEA</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>The declaration can be given by</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Victim</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Magistrate</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Doctor</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Police</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Any person</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Not recommended</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Oath</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Cross-examination</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Leading questions</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Dying Deposition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>It is followed in developed countries</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>It occurs in the presence of the</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Magistrate</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Defense lawyer</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Recommendations</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Oath</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Cross examination is done (Best to protect the accused)</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p>Leadings questions are asked</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Please arrange the following clauses of IPC 320 in sequential order . Destruction or permanent impairing of the power of any member or joint Permanent disfiguration of the head or face Emasculation Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, 3, 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "3, 2, 1, 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "3, 1, 2, 4", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1, 4, 2, 3", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 3, 1, 2, 4", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - 3, 1, 2, 4\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "An 11 year old girl was found to be quiet and shy in her classroom with intermittent crying, for the past few days . It was discovered that her uncle was touching her genitals inappropriately. The duty of the principal is to report this to?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Magistrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Police", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Child welfare committee", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Parents", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Police", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - P\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements does not apply during cross-examination in a court of law ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Witness is examined by the defense lawyer", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Leading questions are not allowed", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Objective of cross-examination is to weaken case of opponent", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "There is no time limit to cross examination", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Leading questions are not allowed", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Leading qu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "As an internal medicine consultant at a private clinic , you are handling the case of a patient who has chronic renal disease and needs hemodialysis . You provide dietary and fluid management recommendations and closely monitor the patient. Unfortunately, the patient decides to take ayurvedic supplements and occasionally disregards your instructions without informing you. Consequently, the patient's condition deteriorates, leading to respiratory distress . Subsequently, the patient's attendant files a legal complaint, accusing the doctor of negligence. Which of the following can serve as a defense for the doctor in court ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Vicarious liability", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Res Ipsa loquitur", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Therapeutic misadventure", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Contributory negligence", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Contributory negligence", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "According to the amendment in the medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) Bill of 2020 , until what gestational age is it permissible to induce MTP in mentally ill rape victims?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "20 weeks", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "22 weeks", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "24 weeks", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "28 weeks", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 24 weeks", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - 24 week\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eb06d1383216927771938c9eadb451\">MTP</span> Act 1971 and The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eb06d1383216927771938c9eadb451\">MTP</span> Act Amendments 2021</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MTP Act 1971</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eb06d1383216927771938c9eadb451\">MTP</span> Amendment Act 2021</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Indications(Contraceptive Failure)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Only applies to married women</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unmarried women are also covered</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gestational Age Limit</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>20 weeks for all indications</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>24 weeks for rape survivors</li>\n<li>Beyond 24 weeks for substantial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> abnormalities</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Medical practitioner opinions required before termination</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>One <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60461869c01692777197bef3f17f7b\">RMP</span> till 12 weeks</li>\n<li>Two RMPs till 20 weeks</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>One <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60461869c01692777197bef3f17f7b\">RMP</span> till 20 weeks</li>\n<li>Two RMPs 20-24 weeks</li>\n<li>Medical Board approval after 24 weeks</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Breach of the woman’s confidentiality</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fine up to Rs 1000</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fine and/or Imprisonment of 1 year</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A doctor was summoned as a public witness to appear and record his evidence in court. What is correct about this witness?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Oral evidence", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Common witness", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Expert witness", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hostile witness", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Expert witness", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - E\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Medical termination of pregnancy can be done upto 24 weeks in case of?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Congenital malformation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Minors", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contraception failure", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rape victim", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Rape victim", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/f5etYiCIsFMgLkbLa3bl1697693388.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D -Rape v\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 32 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Regarding infanticide, feticide, and filicide in India, which of the following statement is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Infanticide is punishable by death or imprisonment for life", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Feticide is the killing of a fetus at any time prior to birth", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The killing of a living child in the mother’s womb who has not yet breathed cannot be considered infanticide", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Female feticide is the act of aborting a fetus because it is female", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The killing of a living child in the mother’s womb who has not yet breathed cannot be considered infanticide", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Term</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Legal Aspects</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Infanticide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Killing of an infant at any time from birth up to the age of 12 months</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Charged under<strong> Section (Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Punishable by death or imprisonment for life and fine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feticide (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Killing of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">fetus</span> at any time prior to birth</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Causing the death of a quick unborn child amounts to culpable homicide</li>\n<li>Applies even if the child is killed in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"74b5aab2ce1692777202443bba85db\">womb</span> and may not have breathed or been completely born <strong>(Culpable homicide- Sec.92 BNS)</strong></li>\n<li>Punished with imprisonment up to 7 years and/or fine<strong> if with woman’s consent.(Sec.88 BNS)</strong></li>\n<li>If without the woman’s consent up to 10 years with or without a fine. <strong>(Sec 89 BNS)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Female <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8da302e3bf1692777202f51782360d\">Feticide</span> (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Act of aborting a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">fetus</span> because it is female</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Covered under laws against <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8da302e3bf1692777202f51782360d\">feticide</span> and sex determination</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Neonaticide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Killing of a child within 24 hrs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\"> </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Filicide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The deliberate act of killing a child by the parents</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treated as murder under <strong>Section 103 BNS</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/W9vgh3f4AveSM6FTkZXh1737275091.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A stillborn fetus is discovered during a routine prenatal checkup. The fetus shows skin slippage on the face and back, soft and flaccid tissues, and a sweetish disagreeable smell, but no gas formation. The skull shows mild cranial compression but no overlapping of cranial sutures. Based on these findings, approximately how long ago did fetal death likely occur?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Less than 12 hours ago", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Between 12-24 hours ago", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Between 36-48 hours ago", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "More than 96 hours ago", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Between 36-48 hours ago", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Time Since Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Maceration changes observed</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>12 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Earliest sign: Skin slippage of face, back, or abdomen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>24 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Skin becomes brown or purplish in color</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt; 36 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cranial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"56af81fad316927771843d2b4b1e4f\">compression</span> becomes visible</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>72 hours (3 days)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desquamation over 75% of body surface</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt; 96 hours (4 days)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Overlapping of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b7b5460171692777185e6e2475f8c\">cranial</span> sutures</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>&gt; 1 week</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mouth is widely open</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Throughout process</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fetus is soft and flaccid</li>\n<li>Sweetish disagreeable smell</li>\n<li>No gas formation</li>\n<li>Internal organs show <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d69244457c1692777182592c8395cc\">autolytic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9ab6d764b169277718589e0796975\">decomposition</span> (except lungs and uterus)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/TupDnGHp6JPtEVuNQyxn1737275323.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old woman presents with suspected intrauterine fetal death at 36 weeks gestation. Which of the following findings would be LEAST useful in confirming recent fetal demise?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spalding's sign on ultrasonography", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Presence of skin slippage on the fetus's face and back", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Robert's sign on ultrasonography", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Absence of fetal heart sounds on electronic fetal monitoring", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Spalding's sign on ultrasonography", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/2HHclJNULEVZm4rR7caT1735872862.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/w4ZJOtxR8NAYpqVD74tT1735872910.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/a5g2mFEncBm5rzutkxRj1735872954.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Imaging Modality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Timeline</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">Fetal</span> Heart Motion (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ultrasound</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No detectable <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> activity on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9ddd195e9a1692777197bb3f135c2e\">real-time</span> imaging</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immediate indicator of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> death-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">Fetal</span> Movements</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ultrasound</p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f71e485d131692777199151d1076d2\">spontaneous</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3063c1d8b169277719018bf869980\">induced</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> movements during examination</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Immediate indicator of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Robert's Sign</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ultrasound</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"St-Amant M, Gaillard F, Bell D\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/roberts-sign-fetal-demise\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"188\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/2HHclJNULEVZm4rR7caT1735872862.png\" width=\"250\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gas bubbles in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> heart chambers and great vessels</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May appear by 12 hours, but can be difficult to interpret</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hyperflexion of Spine</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>X-ray, Ultrasound</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Y. S. Soo M.B., B.S.(H.K.).O.M.R.D., W. K. Wong M.B., B.S.\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1971.tb00302.x\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"272\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/w4ZJOtxR8NAYpqVD74tT1735872910.png\" width=\"250\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abnormal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4bd67d54f016927771850c953dadbc\">curvature</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> spine due to loss of muscle tone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Variable, typically seen in later stages</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Spalding's Sign (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ultrasound</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Kabil kumar loganathan\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"Procured by PL\" data-source=\"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/spalding-sign-2\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"204\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/a5g2mFEncBm5rzutkxRj1735872954.png\" width=\"250\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Overlapping of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> skull bones due to loss of brain tissue consistency</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Appears about 7 days after <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Loss of Rib Parallelism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>X-ray</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ribs lose their normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"635a7ea50e16927771944f08f17aed\">parallel</span> arrangement and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ea564f2f5e1692777194df1391fd69\">overlap</span> present</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Later sign, associated with collapse of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c6021096816927772007954fcc158\">thoracic</span> cavity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Deuel’s <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"95af91681416927771887742113c38\">Halo</span> Sign</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>X-ray</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Indicates <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1f256489a16927771870ddd296574\">elevation</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d446e62c6c1692777199896fc1d4b9\">subcutaneous</span> fat layer from the underlying bone caused by edema</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not reliable sign, as can be seen in both living and dead fetus</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8dDq5ifnEpYJBw75B6Wi1737275487.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following tests with their correct descriptions: 1. Wreden's test a. Compares the weight of lungs to body weight ratio before and after respiration 2. Ploucquet's test b. Checks for air bubbles in the stomach and intestines 3. Fodere's test (Static test) c. Examines the presence of air in the middle ear 4. Breslau's Second Life test d. Observes the weight change of lungs after respiration", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Key Points</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wreden's test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Examines the presence of air in the middle ear</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"be6fe9c6c316927771889dbaaf2b89\">gelatinous</span> embryonic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"67e237a57c16927771859803f93ab3\">connective</span> tissue</p>\n<p>- Presence of air in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7879d301d169277719255fe8818dc\">middle ear</span> after live birth</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ploucquet's test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compares the weight of lungs to body weight ratio before and after respiration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>- Ratio before respiration: </strong>1/70 of body weight</p>\n<p><strong>- Ratio after respiration:</strong> 1/35 of body weight</p>\n<p>- Demonstrates establishment of respiration</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fodere's test (Static test)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Observes the weight change of lungs after respiration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Weight becomes approximately double after <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aea081ceb416927771976e2c17be74\">respiration</span> due to increase in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"82cc227a1c169277718387905b50c6\">blood flow</span> to lung beds after breathing</p>\n<p>- <strong>Not constant</strong> due to factors like edema, pneumonitis, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c0fb943ce16927771815ddeb9824d\">amniotic</span> fluid inhalation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qrJDfm6H9MkkpFRc2L2d1737275700.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is examining the lungs of a newborn during an autopsy. The lungs appear mottled in color and occupy most of the thoracic cavity. However, when subjected to the hydrostatic test, portions of the lung tissue sink while others float. Microscopically, some areas show expanded alveoli lined with flat squamous cells, while other areas show closed alveoli lined with cuboidal cells. What is the most likely explanation for these conflicting findings?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The infant was stillborn, and the floating lung portions are due to putrefaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The infant was live-born but suffered from severe respiratory distress syndrome", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The infant was live-born and partially breathed before death", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "The findings are inconclusive and could be due to artificial respiration attempts", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The infant was live-born and partially breathed before death", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Unrespired Lung (Stillborn)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Respired Lung (Live-born)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Color</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bluish red</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mottled</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Volume</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large, covers heart</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thoracic cavity</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not full</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fully occupied</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pleura</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Loose, wrinkled</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Taut, stretched</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Margins</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sharp</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rounded</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Surface</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Smooth</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uneven</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Consistency</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dense, firm, non-crepitant (liver-like)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Soft, spongy, elastic, crepitant</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ploucquet's test</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1:70</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1:35</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fodere's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e0dce452a1692777198212234f2f0\">static</span> test</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>30–40 g</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>60–70 g</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Diaphragm level</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4th–5th rib</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6th–7th rib</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood oozing</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Little, frothless</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abundant, frothy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydrostatic test</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Whole and parts sink in water</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Floats in water</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alveoli</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not expanded</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Expanded</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Microscopy</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Closed sacs with cuboidal/columnar lining</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dilated sacs with flat <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5be0ee4ea316927771997104326685\">squamous</span> lining and vascularity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/sNnGEh1CSeiN8Sit9rue1738980605.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic examiner is evaluating two fetuses found under different circumstances. The examiner performs Breslau’s First Life Test on Baby A and Breslau’s Second Life Test on Baby B. The findings are as follows: For Baby A, after performing the hydrostatic test, the lungs sink when compressed and placed back in water. For Baby B, air bubbles are observed escaping from the stomach and intestines after an incision is made underwater. What do these findings suggest about the live birth status of both babies?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Baby A was stillborn, while Baby B was born alive and breathed.", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Baby A was born alive and breathed, while Baby B was stillborn.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Both Baby A and Baby B were born alive and breathed.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Both tests are inconclusive due to potential contamination.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Baby A was stillborn, while Baby B was born alive and breathed.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uxJl60KssupzydaVY8411738980923.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A newborn is examined shortly after delivery. The physician observes a localized swelling on the baby’s head that appears several hours after birth. The swelling is confined to one side of the skull, is firm to the touch, and does not cross the suture lines. What is the most likely diagnosis for this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Caput Succedaneum", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cephalhematoma", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hydrocephalus", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Intracranial hemorrhage", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Cephalhematoma", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/i7rLyisF7gU7QVtfhMBI1735871588.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\"><strong>Cephalohematoma</strong></td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Caput <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a4c3925fe1692777199df9ad74c8a\">Succedaneum</span> (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Blood collection between the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ae97d0e84f169277719537f321c02b\">periosteum</span> and skull due to a ruptured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9645007d041692777187b068c06f7b\">emissary</span> vein, often from trauma (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c01b366a9c1692777203ef77069d2c\">forceps</span> delivery).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Swelling from fluid accumulation between <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"038a2a2fd4169277719894dc7db4bb\">scalp</span> layers, typically from prolonged pressure (e.g., during labor).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Situation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Generally unilateral, commonly over the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"51df38de3d1692777194ced4c4bab5\">parietal</span> bone.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Can be bilateral, covering a broader area of the scalp.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Impulse on Crying</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(</strong>Seen in hydrocephalus)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>No impulse seen.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>No impulse seen.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Limitation by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90dcd6e02316927771990a5c253ff7\">Suture</span> Line</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Confined by sutures.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>No restriction by sutures.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Underlying Pathology</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>May involve a skull fracture.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Non-pathological; usually harmless.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Occurrence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Does not appear at birth, and usually develops later.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Present at birth.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Development and Disappearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Appears 12–24 hours after birth, and resolves in 6–8 weeks. Maybe followed by jaundice.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Disappears on its own within 24 hours. Maybe followed by jaundice.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Medico-Legal Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Can assist in determining how long the infant survived post-birth based on regression.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Provides clear evidence of in-utero life, though, in prolonged labor, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> death may occur before birth.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VDg9vxdjH3t1ZBLZiUbA1746883538.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 3-month-old infant is found unresponsive in their crib by a caregiver early in the morning. The infant had been healthy and fed well the previous evening. The caregiver reports the baby typically sleeps on their stomach. An autopsy is performed, revealing no conclusive cause of death. Which of the following statements is most accurate based on the scenario?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sleeping on the stomach significantly reduces the risk of death.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The autopsy typically reveals specific pathological findings.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Low birth weight or premature infants have an increased risk of sudden death.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Maternal smoking has no post-natal association with infant mortality.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Low birth weight or premature infants have an increased risk of sudden death.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/sPCsos6nQ4Mv1WJj5rDI1738981405.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 6-year-old child is frequently admitted with gastrointestinal distress, including vomiting and abdominal pain. The mother provides elaborate details about the symptoms and insists on multiple tests despite negative results. Symptoms appear only when the mother is present, and the child seems healthy when separated. What is the most likely diagnosis for the child’s condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Gastroenteritis", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Functional abdominal pain", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Anxiety disorder", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2TJ2ioYBMSLLoL9PIh851738981665.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 2-year-old girl presents with persistent crying, refusal to eat, and multiple bruises. The parents report frequent falls. On exam, there are bruises on the abdomen and back, a healing burn on the thigh, and rib tenderness. X-ray done is shown below. The parents give vague explanations and claim the child \"bruises easily.\" A CT scan reveals subdural hematoma without a clear trauma history. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Caffey syndrome", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Munchausen syndrome by proxy", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hemophilia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Caffey syndrome", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/OKpd06OoIAwthTuWrUh41735871856.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/rWu2PxTtv1uwZ4na4Ya51735871918.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7hoKyjbSFlwwpuuVRiKH1735872109.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/eQPKtjrEDOFUhjwUelJC1735872183.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tEopchuYe21G0yR6ZB3p1735872285.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VvA5XKzhK4heFJGx5E4t1735872405.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7Gnemo9zhgDsI7jh835m1738981875.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 20 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which of the following statements accurately describes battered baby syndrome?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Skin lesions and bruises of various ages are seen on the body", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "It occurs due to the tendency of a child to fall repeatedly", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Multiple stab wounds are seen", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The syndrome is a result of firearm injuries", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Skin lesions and bruises of various ages are seen on the body", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 11 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which of the following is NOT considered a type of infamous conduct or professional misconduct according to the guidelines for medical practitioners?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Performing an illegal abortion operation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Issuing false or misleading certificates for administrative purposes", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Refusing emergency treatment to a patient", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Advertising in the yellow pages of the telephone directory", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Refusing emergency treatment to a patient", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:669px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any conduct of the doctor that might reasonably be regarded as disgraceful or dishonorable or judged by professional <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e48bb8abfa1692777192e3fa06774f\">men</span> of good repute and competence. It involves abuse of professional position.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Examples </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1. Performing illegal abortions <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n<p>2. Issuing false or misleading certificates <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n<p>3. Not maintaining medical records for 3 years</p>\n<p>4. Not displaying <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ecc2886bef169277719705c1e5adf2\">registration</span> number</p>\n<p>5. Absence from duty in rural postings</p>\n<p>6. Fee <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"073b3993a6169277719966873c2515\">splitting</span> (dichotomy)</p>\n<p>7. Advertising in certain forms (telephone directory, etc.) <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n<p>8. Performing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6c24de1a66169277718256ffbc84c6\">artificial insemination</span> without informed consent</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/f2sjSVFHJ8jX7KOelRwj1748346599.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 78-year-old patient with terminal cancer is experiencing unbearable pain and requests to end their life peacefully. The patient's family consults with the medical team about options. Which of the following accurately describes the type of euthanasia they are considering?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Involuntary euthanasia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Passive euthanasia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Voluntary euthanasia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Active euthanasia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Voluntary euthanasia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:705px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Definition</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Key Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Voluntary Euthanasia</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Wherein the individual requests euthanasia, either during illness or before, if complete incapacitation is expected.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Patient's consent is obtained</p>\n<p>- Patient is capable of making the decision</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Non-voluntary Euthanasia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Where an individual is incapable of perception and feeling, and hence cannot decide or distinguish between life and death.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Patient cannot give informed consent</p>\n<p>- Often involves <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e39842f67b1692777184171cd1852a\">coma</span> patients or severely <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"144d78fe4816927771852de984c62f\">defective</span> infants</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Involuntary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e0bb3527b916927771879f188c23d5\">Euthanasia</span> </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Where an individual may distinguish between life and death, and any medical killing is involuntary, i.e. against the will of the person.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Considered murder</p>\n<p>- Ethically, morally, and legally wrong</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Active <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e0bb3527b916927771879f188c23d5\">Euthanasia</span> </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Positive merciful act, to end useless suffering or a meaningless existence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Act of commission</p>\n<p>- Administration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4f6bb2e54b1692777191056bf2218b\">lethal</span> doses of drugs</p>\n<p>- Using measures that would hasten death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Passive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e0bb3527b916927771879f188c23d5\">Euthanasia</span> </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Discontinuing or not using extraordinary life-sustaining measures to prolong life</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>- Act of omission</p>\n<p>- Allowing death by not resuscitating</p>\n<p>- Not using measures that would delay death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/lM26AfygizTEGCSLJx0L1739682363.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 65-year-old patient in Mumbai wants to ensure their end-of-life wishes are respected if they become incapacitated. Which of the following statements about Living wills in India is correct?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Living wills are not legally recognized in India", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "A Living will must be verified by a Chief Judicial Magistrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Can designate a person to make medical decisions on their behalf", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "If two living wills are made, the first one will be valid.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Can designate a person to make medical decisions on their behalf", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:651px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Legal Status</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Legally recognized since 2018 Supreme Court judgment <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Express wishes for end-of-life care and designate decision-maker</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Eligibility</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not limited to terminally ill patients; can be executed by any competent adult</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Authentication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Must be attested by a <strong>Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC) (Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Authorities involved</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primary Medical Board and Secondary Medical Board</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Validity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>If two living wills are made, the last one will be considered valid <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RIojfid2z1EyKnAOIzTw1739682543.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old bus driver is diagnosed with epilepsy during a routine medical check-up. The patient requests the doctor not to disclose this information to anyone. In this scenario, which of the following actions by the doctor would be most appropriate?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Maintain absolute confidentiality as requested by the patient", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Immediately report the condition to the patient's employer", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Explain the potential risks to the patient and persuade them to allow disclosure", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Disclose the information without the patient's consent", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Explain the potential risks to the patient and persuade them to allow disclosure", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:721px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>A statement made bonafide upon any subject matter by a doctor to the concerned authority having corresponding interest due to his legal, social, or moral duty to protect the interests of the community</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Nature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>An exchange of information between two individuals in a confidential relationship, and an exception to<strong> professional secrecy</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>To be privileged</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Must be made to the person who has a duty towards it</li>\n<li>If made to more than one person or to a person who has not <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6ef3b2315c1692777188ff9d406e9a\">got</span> a direct interest in it, the plea of privilege fails</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Doctor's responsibility</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Should first persuade the patient to obtain his consent before revealing the proper authority; however, disclosure can be done without consent if consent is not forthcoming</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Examples of privileged communication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Potential threat of grave harm to safety or health of the patient and the public</li>\n<li>Conditions affecting public safety (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7546d26cea1692777187c257d4e14c\">epilepsy</span> in bus driver, pilot)</li>\n<li>Notifiable diseases</li>\n<li>Suspected crime or assault</li>\n<li>Patient's own interest (e.g., suicidal tendencies)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/21HdYig48CJwqpLTT9wX1739682744.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following does not fall under an exception to informed consent?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A medical examination ordered by a police officer for an individual arrested on suspicion of drug trafficking", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Emergency surgical treatment for a patient after a road traffic accident", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A psychiatric evaluation ordered by a court for a prisoner showing signs of severe mental illness", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A patient diagnosed with tuberculosis refusing treatment, and the physician administering medication under the guise of placebo treatment to manage the condition for public health reasons", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. A patient diagnosed with tuberculosis refusing treatment, and the physician administering medication under the guise of placebo treatment to manage the condition for public health reasons", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 65-year-old male with terminal cancer is being treated in a palliative care unit. The physician is aware that disclosing the full extent of his poor prognosis may cause severe distress and worsen his psychological state. However, his family is requesting detailed information about his condition to be disclosed to the patient. Which of the following ethical principles is most appropriate for the physician to apply in this situation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The physician should use full disclosure and inform the patient of all risks, benefits, and prognosis, allowing the patient to make an informed decision about further care.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The physician should apply therapeutic privilege, withholding certain information if it is believed that disclosing the full prognosis could harm the patient’s emotional well-being.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The physician should rely on therapeutic privilege but must always seek approval from the patient’s family before withholding any information.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The physician should provide the information to the family only, as full disclosure primarily concerns the patient's relatives in situations involving terminal illness.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The physician should apply therapeutic privilege, withholding certain information if it is believed that disclosing the full prognosis could harm the patient’s emotional well-being.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which BNS section denotes that consent given by an insane person is invalid?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "25 BNS / IPC 87", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "26 BNS / IPC 88", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "28 BNS / IPC 90", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "30 BNS / IPC 9", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 28 BNS / IPC 90", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:704px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Provisions under the Act</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS Section</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Corresponding IPC Section</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any act done without intent to cause death or serious harm, but done with consent, is not considered an offense.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>25 </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>87</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>An act done in good faith with the consent of the person, for their benefit, is not an offense.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>26 </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>88</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>An act done in good faith for the benefit of a child under 12 years old or an insane person, with the consent of a guardian, is not an offense.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>27</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>89</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Consent is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"63f0daa313169277719051c7877879\">invalid</span> if:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Given under fear or misconception</li>\n<li>Given by an insane person</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>28 </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>90</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The exceptions under sections 25, 26, and 27 do not apply to acts that independently constitute offenses, or are intended or likely to cause harm to the person giving consent or on whose behalf consent is given.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>29</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>91</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acts done in good faith without consent are permissible in the following situations:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>During an emergency</li>\n<li>When the person is incapable of giving consent</li>\n<li>When there is no guardian to give consent</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>30 </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>92</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acts causing slight harm are not considered offenses.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>33</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>95</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/knVV0HusfuRxogTM723e1740204987.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old woman undergoes a surgical procedure and experiences severe postoperative complications due to the surgeon’s failure to follow standard protocols. As a result, she files a lawsuit seeking compensation for her injuries. In this scenario, which of the following statements accurately describes the nature of the lawsuit?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The lawsuit is a criminal negligence case because it involves severe harm and a violation of medical standards.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The lawsuit is a civil negligence case because it seeks compensation for harm caused by the surgeon's actions.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The lawsuit cannot proceed because the patient consented to the surgery.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The lawsuit is a tort case that does not involve any financial compensation.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The lawsuit is a civil negligence case because it seeks compensation for harm caused by the surgeon's actions.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:679px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Civil Negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Criminal Negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offense</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No specific and clear violation of law</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Must have specifically violated a particular criminal law</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Simple absence of care and skill</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gross negligence, inattention, or lack of competence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conduct of physician</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compared to a generally accepted simple standard of conduct</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not compared to a single test</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Consent for act</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Good defense, cannot recover damages</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not a defense, can be prosecuted</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Trial by</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Civil court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Criminal court</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Evidence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Strong evidence is sufficient</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Guilt must be proved beyond reasonable doubt</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Punishment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Liable to pay damages</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imprisonment, fine, or both</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contributory negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Defense for doctor</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not a defense</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Double jeopardy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot be tried twice for the same offense</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can be tried twice for the same crime</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Damage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Repairable damage or harm to patient</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Irreparable damage to the patient</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dispute</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between two parties in their individual capacities</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the State and the offending doctor</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complainant</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sufferer party is the complainant</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Public prosecutor on behalf of the State is the complainant</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Du9cIHPeUhaGST6YkJfK1746012992.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 48-year-old patient with ischemic heart disease is discharged following a cardiac procedure. Upon discharge, the doctor prescribes medications without reviewing the patient's current medication list, resulting in reduced effectiveness of the new drug. The patient also fails to adhere to the regimen, taking the medication only when he \"felt like it.\" This leads to a severe cardiac event, prompting the patient to file a lawsuit, alleging negligence on the doctor’s part. Which legal principle would most likely serve as the doctor's defense in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Composite negligence", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Vicarious liability", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contributory negligence", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Res ipsa loquitur", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Contributory negligence", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/n3TpH4ncngXtUOqffdq21745901783.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient is undergoing an elective hysterectomy. During the surgery, the surgeon inadvertently nicks a blood vessel, leading to excessive bleeding. The surgeon immediately identifies the issue and successfully controls the bleeding, preventing further complications. Despite the patient's stable recovery, the patient files a negligence claim against the surgeon. Which defense is most likely to be successful in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Contributory negligence", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Therapeutic misadventure", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Error of judgment", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Medical Maloccurence", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Therapeutic misadventure", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/inFRl1S25n0ETzy0JTP91740661066.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A patient undergoes surgery for a broken leg. After the operation, the patient develops a severe infection due to the use of contaminated surgical instruments. The patient had no involvement in the handling of the instruments and did not contribute to the negligence. Which legal doctrine best applies to this situation regarding the surgeon's liability?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Doctrine of Common Knowledge", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Novus Actus Interveniens", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Borrowed Servant Doctrine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/rvAKdS1f8C0ICw5Z884t1745902320.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 68-year-old woman with severe coronary artery disease undergoes coronary bypass surgery. Prior to the operation, the surgeon discusses the potential complications, including a 2-5% risk of mortality due to inherent surgical risks. Despite the surgery being performed with appropriate care, the patient unfortunately dies during the procedure. Which legal principle best explains the surgeon's liability in this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Novus Actus Interveniens", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Calculated Risk Doctrine", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Vicarious Liability", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Respondeat Superior", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Calculated Risk Doctrine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/W7FNNYkIHAVfvlh39WdN1745902757.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 65-year-old female patient undergoes elective thyroidectomy due to hyperthyroidism. During the procedure, the surgeon inadvertently damages the recurrent laryngeal nerve, resulting in vocal cord paralysis. The patient had been fully informed of the risks involved and consented to the surgery. Which of the following best describes the outcome of this incident?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Medical Maloccurrence", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Borrowed Servant Doctrine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Products Liability", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Composite Negligence", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Medical Maloccurrence", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uY9H3mmqThYNpIV2P77N1745902557.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "How long should the following types of medical records be retained in India: Outpatient Records (OPD), Inpatient Records (IPD), and Medico-legal Records?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "5 years, 15 years, 15 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "10 years, 23 years, 25 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "5 years,15 years, 10 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "3 years, 10 years, 10 years", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. 3 years, 10 years, 10 years", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/q4js8zD5VQfA2xn5vhGN1745901950.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements is false regarding the Bolam Test and the Bolitho Test?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The Bolam Test allows a doctor to avoid negligence if their actions align with a responsible body of medical opinion.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The Bolitho Test requires that the accepted medical opinion is logically defensible.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The Bolam Test involves active scrutiny from the court regarding the logic of medical opinions.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "The Bolitho Test allows a finding of negligence if an expert's opinion is indefensible, regardless of peer support.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The Bolam Test involves active scrutiny from the court regarding the logic of medical opinions.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:718px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bolam Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bolitho Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Core Principle</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>A doctor is not negligent if their actions align with those of a responsible body of medical opinion. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>No negligence if actions align with peer practice</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>The court must ensure that the medical opinion is not only widely accepted but also logically defensible, considering risks and benefit. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>If an expert's opinion fails to meet this logical standard, it may be deemed indefensible, leading to a finding of negligence regardless of peer support. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Requires logical defensibility of peer opinions</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Judicial Role</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Minimal scrutiny; relies on expert consensus</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Active scrutiny; court evaluates logic behind opinions</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Criticism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Rigid; can uphold substandard care</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Adds complexity; requires <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e901999ab1169277719729899ebdee\">robust</span> expert justification</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/6cWp5Ll8Dz6GauX3WVOR1746013436.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following International Declarations with their guidelines. 1. Geneva a. Terminal Illness 2. Venice b. Therapeutic abortion 3. Ottawa c. Hippocratic Oath 4. Oslo d. Child health.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-d", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:583px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p><strong>International Declarations</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Geneva</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Hippocratic Oath</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Tokyo</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Torture</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Sydney</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Definition of death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Oslo</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Therapeutic Abortion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Helsinki</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Human experimentation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Venice</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Terminal illness</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Lisbon</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Rights of patients</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Malta</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Hunger strike</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Washington</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Biological warfare</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Ottawa</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Child Health</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Hong Kong</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:bottom\">\n<p>Old abuse</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uCoeoKFt0WTZDhqRQ7gw1745218849.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 26 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which of the following courts has the authority to commute a death sentence?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Session court", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Additional session court", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "High court", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Session court and additional session court", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. High court", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/snnepBKcbqFPdqHfdwgp1747375082.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Level</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Court/Judge</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Maximum Imprisonment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Maximum Fine</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1 (Highest)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Supreme Court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any period, including death sentence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any amount</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>High Court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any period, including death sentence</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any amount</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>District and Sessions Court <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any period, including death sentence (needs confirmation by High Court)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any amount</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Assistant Sessions Judge <strong>(Option A and B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 10 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any amount</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chief Judicial/Chief Metropolitan Magistrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 7 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any amount</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>First Class Judicial/Metropolitan Magistrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 3 years</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to ₹ 10,000</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>7 (Lowest)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Second Class Judicial Magistrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to 1 year</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #808080; border-left:1px solid #808080; border-right:1px solid #808080; border-top:1px solid #808080; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Up to ₹ 5,000</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "To perform MTP for a mentally challenged female, consent is obtained from?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Husband/ partner", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Legal guardian", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Doctor", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Magistrate", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Legal guardian", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is punishable under the MTP Act?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "MTP done up to 24 weeks", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Done by government-authorized center", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Done by experienced RMP", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Non-entry in MTP-register, not sending report to DDHS", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Non-entry in MTP-register, not sending report to DDHS", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Medical termination of pregnancy can be done upto 24 weeks in case of?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Congenital malformation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Minors", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Contraception failure", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rape victim", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Rape victim", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer D - Rape victim</p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>MTP Act 1971</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eb06d1383216927771938c9eadb451\">MTP</span> Amendment Act 2021</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Indications (Contraceptive failure)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Only applies to married women.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Unmarried women are also covered</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gestational Age Limit</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>20 weeks for all indications</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>24 weeks for rape survivors.</li>\n<li>Beyond 24 weeks for substantial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> abnormalities</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medical practitioner opinions required before termination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>One <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60461869c01692777197bef3f17f7b\">RMP</span> till 12 weeks</li>\n<li>Two RMPs till 20 weeks</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>One <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"60461869c01692777197bef3f17f7b\">RMP</span> till 20 weeks</li>\n<li>Two RMPS 20-24 weeks</li>\n<li>Medical Board approval after 24 weeks</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Breach of the woman's confidentiality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fine up to Rs 1000</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fine and/or Imprisonment of 1 year.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A doctor was summoned as a public witness to appear and record his evidence in court. What is correct about this witness?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Oral evidence", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Common witness", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Expert witness", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hostile witness", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Expert witness", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C - E\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Death registration in India done within?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "21 days", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "28 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "30 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "40 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 21 days", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the responsibility of the doctor in recording the dying declaration of a victim affected by a fire?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "To assess compos mentis", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "To record the statement even in the presence of magistrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cross-examine the person", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Put the person under oath before declaration", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. To assess compos mentis", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer A - T\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the appropriate course of action following the observation of cigarette burn marks on the forearm of a 14-year-old girl who presents to a doctor with a fractured forearm, claiming to have fallen and hit her hand?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "To inform higher authorities", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "To do a complete physical examination", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "To tell or discuss with colleagues that she is a case of abuse", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "To call local social worker for help", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. To do a complete physical examination", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/w5HKgTyx03jFg0hF3uTG1747050808.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which organization is related to the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Child and welfare committees", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Women and child safety department", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Children rights protection committee", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Child and welfare committees", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "If a healthcare professional is found guilty of professional misconduct, they must provide the patient's records promptly upon request, within:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "72 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "48 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "24 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "7 days", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 72 hours", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A surgeon performs a hysterectomy for uterine fibroids after obtaining relevant informed consent from the patient. Despite adequate precautions, the ureter was injured intraoperatively. Under which of the following principles will the doctor not be held responsible for this act?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Novus actus interveniens", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Medical maloccurrence", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Res ipsa loquitur", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Physician error", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Medical maloccurrence", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the penalty for causing the death of a patient due to the use of counterfeit medication/spurious drug?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "5 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "7 years", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Life imprisonment", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1 year", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Life imprisonment", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Types</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Example</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Spurious Drugs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Have no active ingredient</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>500 mg <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fcdd3383341692777194cf2cd4e400\">paracetamol</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"508e14a7ca16927772002140ece8fb\">tablet</span> → when checked, it contains no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fcdd3383341692777194cf2cd4e400\">paracetamol</span> in it.</li>\n<li>Made by illegal people other than the manufacturer to copy the drug.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Misbranded Drugs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Low-quality drugs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>500 mg <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"508e14a7ca16927772002140ece8fb\">tablet</span> → when checked, it contains only 200 mg.</li>\n<li>Made by the same manufacturer to increase profit.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Adulterated Drugs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Addition of harmful or unwanted excipients</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-left:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-right:1px solid #0d0d0d; border-top:1px solid #0d0d0d; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Cough <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cab9109cd16927771994c3125bd23\">syrup</span> made in India containing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e2fdef08316927771877389af9cc7\">ethylene</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7451dcad4f1692777188609e12be1d\">glycol</span> → when checked, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20fced1d1f1692777188cf8c607e50\">GMP</span> guidelines do not approve these substances.</li>\n<li>Ethylene <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7451dcad4f1692777188609e12be1d\">glycol</span> is harmful and not approved as an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0925b97d4d16927771873ae9dcd02c\">excipient</span> by GMP.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In relation to the punishment of perjury, which specific section of the IPC addresses this matter?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "191", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "192", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "193", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "197", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 193", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 227/ Section 191 </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Giving false evidence/statement under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba028341716927771941e1dc3b066\">oath</span> by a witness (Perjury)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 228/ Section 192 </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fabrication of evidence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 229/ IPC 193 </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for providing false evidence under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ba028341716927771941e1dc3b066\">oath</span> (Punishment for perjury) (imprisonment of upto 7 years + fine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 234/ Section 197 </strong><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for issuing a false certificate (imprisonment of upto 7 years + fine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 238</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishment for disappearance of vital evidence (imprisonment of upto 7 years + fine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS 239</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intentional omission of vital information by person legally <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d82fcb9d1f16927771836a9f6ccf14\">bound</span> to inform</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In a civil negligence case against a doctor, who is responsible for providing evidence?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Patient", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Police not under the rank of sub-inspector", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Magistrate", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Doctor", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Patient", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:679px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Civil Negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Criminal Negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offense</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No specific and clear violation of law</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Must have specifically violated a particular criminal law</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Simple absence of care and skill</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gross negligence, inattention, or lack of competence</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Conduct of physician</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compared to a generally accepted simple standard of conduct</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not compared to a single test</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Consent for act</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Good defense, cannot recover damages</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not a defense, can be prosecuted</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Trial by</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Civil court</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Criminal court</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Evidence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Strong evidence is sufficient</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Guilt must be proved beyond reasonable doubt</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Punishment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Liable to pay damages</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imprisonment, fine, or both</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Contributory negligence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Defense for doctor </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Not a defense</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Double jeopardy</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cannot be tried twice for the same offense</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can be tried twice for the same crime</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Damage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Repairable damage or harm to patient</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Irreparable damage to the patient</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dispute</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between two parties in their individual capacities</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Between the State and the offending doctor</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complainant</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sufferer party is the complainant</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Public prosecutor on behalf of the State is the complainant</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 24 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Apart from the abdominal cavity, which body part is included in e-FAST?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pelvic Cavity", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Peripheral vessels", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Thoracic cavity", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dural and subdural spaces", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Thoracic cavity", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "According to GCS, a verbal score of 1 indicates:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "No Verbal response", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Inappropriate words", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Incomprehensible sounds", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Oriented response", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. No Verbal response", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:590px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Simplified Glasgow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e39842f67b1692777184171cd1852a\">Coma</span> Scale (GCS) </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Response</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Score</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Eye Opening (E)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Spontaneous</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>To speech</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>To pain</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>None</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Verbal Response (V)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oriented</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5 <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Confused conversation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inappropriate words</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3 <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Incomprehensible sounds</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2 <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>None</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Motor Response (M)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Obeys commands</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>6</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Localizes to pain</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>5</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Withdraws from pain</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>4</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abnormal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"85ff8a7ff81692777202a827961a5c\">flexion</span> (decorticate)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>3</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abnormal extension (decerebrate)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>2</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No response</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Most common site of peripheral aneurysm?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Brachial artery", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Popliteal artery", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Radial artery", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Femoral artery", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Popliteal artery", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which one of the following is absent in cases of massive blood transfusion?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "DIC", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Febrile transfusion reaction", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypercalcemia", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Thrombocytopenia", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hypercalcemia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:682px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complications of massive blood transfusion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effect</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hypothermia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Transfusion of cold blood (stored at 4°C).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Body temperature drops, leading to impaired <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">clotting</span> mechanisms (coagulopathy), and worsening bleeding.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Coagulopathy</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dilution of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">clotting</span> factors and platelets due to transfusion; consumption of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c17961c71692777184ab55a9c4df\">clotting</span> factors by ongoing haemorrhage.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Impaired blood clotting, prolonged <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41e858bf2816927771836d46c619b9\">bleeding</span> time, thrombocytopenia, and increased risk of continued bleeding.</p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>DIC</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Due to the release of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff2094828c1692777196941a65e6eb\">procoagulant</span> substances</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leads to haemorrhage due to depleted <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7414bd02f216927771889b3e159ef4\">hemostatic</span> components, tissue hypoxia, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77aed446d2169277719007f42bf052\">infarction</span> due to microthrombi, or both.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Citrate Toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large volumes of transfused blood contain citrate, which binds to calcium.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypocalcemia leads to muscle cramps, seizures, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hypocalcemia</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and other blood products are preserved with <strong>citrate</strong>, an anticoagulant.</li>\n<li>Citrate binds to <strong>ionised calcium</strong> (Ca²⁺) in the recipient's blood, reducing the free <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54de8b79a91692777183e608bc0dd4\">calcium</span> level - <strong>hypocalcemia</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Presents as muscle spasms, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias, and decreased myocardial contractility</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hyperkalemia</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium leaks from stored red blood cells into <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0e40688fa169277719572bdb48c92\">plasma</span> during storage.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Elevated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> levels (hyperkalemia) can cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias, potentially leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrest.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hypokalemia</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium may shift intracellularly once transfused red blood cells are metabolically revived.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hypokalemia causes muscle weakness, paralysis, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Metabolic Alkalosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rapid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b1a045f5f169277719210c0ac7a1e\">metabolism</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3569209ba41692777184f88db9316d\">citrate</span> into bicarbonate.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Increased pH (alkalosis) can lead to muscle twitching, irritability, and impaired oxygen release from haemoglobin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Metabolic Acidosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inadequate tissue <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"33dfead74b1692777195931780bd9e\">perfusion</span> leads to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b82539c9ae1692777191a3f7ddd7bb\">lactic</span> acid accumulation.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lowered blood pH (acidosis) leads to confusion, fatigue, rapid breathing, and worsened <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e2b5f013011692777183ea1b11ed9c\">cardiovascular</span> function.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Transfusion Related <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">Acute</span> Lung Injury (TRALI)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Antibodies in transfused blood <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dddc752e1716927771807f985bb8bb\">activate</span> the recipient's immune response, causing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e747a47db616927771908bff4b8931\">inflammation</span> and fluid buildup in the lungs.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Non-cardiogenic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> oedema, presenting as <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afafb9026e1692777186e3dd168fa8\">distress</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a249eeb5551692777189661d39c1b2\">hypoxia</span> within 6 hours of transfusion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Transfusion Associated Circulatory <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d02a99d051692777194aa3375023b\">Overload</span> (TACO)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Volume of transfused blood exceeds the patient’s capacity to manage, leading to fluid overload.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pulmonary oedema, shortness of breath, hypertension, and signs of heart failure.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron Overload</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Repeated transfusions lead to excessive accumulation of iron.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Iron deposits in organs (e.g., liver, heart, pancreas), lead to organ damage and failure over time.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemolytic Reactions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>ABO or Rh incompatibility.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rapid destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), causes fever, chills, hemoglobinuria, and potentially <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4cdc8161f71692777180df58cafa93\">acute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure or shock.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Allergic Reactions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reaction to proteins in transfused blood products.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Symptoms range from mild itching, rash, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"14ccc7cf1c1692777189d4fb9d1fb5\">hives</span> to severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d6d717efa216927771819fee139235\">anaphylaxis</span> (airway constriction, low blood pressure, shock).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bacterial Contamination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blood products are contaminated during collection or storage.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sepsis, characterized by fever, chills, low blood pressure, and possibly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39f67d7dde16927771985d3952058d\">septic</span> shock.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Febrile <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cbb73554631692777200444a9ea263\">transfusion</span> reaction</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>It is a non-hemolytic condition that is not completely understood but is believed to be caused by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a459f313d9169277719789fdfb7ada\">residual</span> white blood cells in the blood unit or cytokines that accumulate during storage.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fever, rigour, chills</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements about ranula is FALSE?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Mucus extravasation cyst", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Arises from submandibular salivary gland", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Bluish, translucent cystic swelling on the floor of the mouth", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Marsupialization or excision is the treatment", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Arises from submandibular salivary gland", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/akYmkU4Zg2U6E2ZO9wmY1747024988.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GNogQfMmb7mub03r2GvM1747024988.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:622px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p><strong>Ranula</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Options A &amp; C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ranulas are a type of <strong>extravasation mucocele</strong>, caused by the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">rupture</span> of the main <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6198b5f22b16927771867e4ef8108f\">duct</span> or obstructed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4e0948603216927771801829c2c085\">acini</span> of the <strong>sublingual gland</strong>.</li>\n<li>They appear as <strong>bluish, translucent, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"38c41e122116927771859b63deb0ed\">cystic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3d212ebd316927771996e0c472d4a\">swelling</span> on the floor of the mouth</strong> and resemble the belly of a frog.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Ph0t0happy\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC-BY-SA-3.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ranula_human_09.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"513\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/akYmkU4Zg2U6E2ZO9wmY1747024988.png\" width=\"573\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Location</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Commonly found in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">anterior</span> floor of the mouth.</li>\n<li>When it extends through the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d0922475bc1692777193d420470423\">mylohyoid</span> muscle, it presents as a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a94c9109b016927771997aa2985457\">submental</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e3d212ebd316927771996e0c472d4a\">swelling</span> known as a<strong> \"plunging ranula.\"</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Typically soft, fluctuant, and painless unless infected.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Confirmed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</li>\n<li>Ultrasound</li>\n<li>Aspiration of thick, sticky <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6b0184a84d16927771981289924c2a\">saliva</span> differentiates it from a lymphangioma.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Excision of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"75089cc39e1692777199b8933bd249\">sublingual</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4744bb90c21692777188c8957f9faa\">gland</span> is preferred. </strong></li>\n<li>Incision, drainage, and marsupialisation have low success rates. Although <strong>marsupialisation</strong> is often adequate, it has a higher <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1d849ebc9b1692777197d4af1fa8d2\">recurrence</span> rate compared to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"75089cc39e1692777199b8933bd249\">sublingual</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4744bb90c21692777188c8957f9faa\">gland</span> excision.</li>\n<li>OK-432 injection</li>\n<li>Botulinum <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"41329dc9381692777200a9b6d57cf4\">toxin</span> injections</li>\n</ul>\n<figure class=\"caption_element\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"534\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/GNogQfMmb7mub03r2GvM1747024988.png\" width=\"534\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the probable diagnosis for a patient who is taking steroids for psoriasis and is experiencing a low-grade fever only at night, weight loss, and an ulcer on her neck with undermined edges, as depicted in the provided image?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Psoriasis flare-up", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tubercular lymphadenitis", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lymphosarcoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Syphilis", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Tubercular lymphadenitis", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/1TH1dju86skmeaqbBBxB1747998760.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/fEc4u0perN8HZQL6yWkS1747025426.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:688px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lymph <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b10ce4acbf169277719323ffd12306\">Node</span> TB (Tuberculous Lymphadenitis)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Most common</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"728e7607f31692777187291e007a0b\">extrapulmonary</span> TB presentation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Risk Groups</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>HIV-positive individuals, Immunosuppressive individuals, children, and non-Caucasian women.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Causative Organism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Previously M. bovis; now mainly M. tuberculosis.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Presentation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Painless </strong>swelling in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4df97a6cbf169277719172fd1af767\">lymph</span> nodes, usually <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"53765334f31692777199cf434360de\">supraclavicular</span> (historically called scrofula).</li>\n<li><strong>Early disease: Discrete nodes</strong></li>\n<li>Advanced disease: Matted, nontender mass, possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10df63cea41692777203b470341d21\">fistula</span> draining <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99368d5fef1692777183ea405bed67\">caseous</span> material.</li>\n<li>Pulmonary disease in &lt;50% of cases.</li>\n<li>Systemic symptoms are uncommon except in HIV-positive patients.</li>\n<li>Non-specific reaction → Matting → Cold <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5618681fbe16927771804370383aaa\">Abscess</span> → Collar stud <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5618681fbe16927771804370383aaa\">abscess</span> → Sinus formation</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fine-needle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"831d67ad8a1692777182763ca62e4b\">aspiration</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"754ab07a2e1692777183ed178c883d\">biopsy</span> (80% yield) or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"81d12f9cb01692777199e44ff3f3c1\">surgical</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20b3ce06c5169277718756ee95c1e9\">excision</span> biopsy.</strong></li>\n<li>Granulomatous lesions may or may not contain AFBs.</li>\n<li>Cultures are positive in 70–80% of cases.</li>\n<li>HIV-positive patients: Poorly organised or absent granulomas; higher bacterial loads increase <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"552e9ef8811692777186997018b858\">diagnostic</span> yield.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Differential Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Infectious diseases</li>\n<li>Lymphomas</li>\n<li>Metastatic carcinomas</li>\n<li>Rare disorders: Kikuchi’s disease, Kimura’s disease, Castleman’s disease.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old woman comes to the OPD with a history of a lump in the left breast. On clinical examination, the size of the lump in the left breast is 9x10 cm with the following appearance and no axillary lymphadenopathy. The histopathology of the biopsy from the lump shows increased stromal cellularity and typical leaflike architecture. What is your likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Phyllodes tumour", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Giant fibroadenoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Inflammatory carcinoma", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Ductal carcinoma", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Phyllodes tumour", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/d79JUMsTq9YVRORpAoQE1747116110.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the diagnosis from the given abdominal x-ray?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ureterocoele", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pelvic bone fracture", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rectal foreign body", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Bladder stone", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Rectal foreign body", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/MyC6v9qsXI7vAK7gc0TR1748163282.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 18 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which of the following statements about medicolegal autopsy is wrong?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Always complete autopsy", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Consent of kin is required", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Requisition from police or magistrate is required", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Objective reporting to the police or magistrate is required", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Consent of kin is required", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Objectives</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Identification and determination of cause and time of death</li>\n<li>For <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"04df903fe8169277719383126b1b02\">newborn</span> infants, determine whether the child was born alive and viable</li>\n<li>For mutilated, fragmented, or skeletal remains, determine if they are human, the probable cause of death, and the time since death</li>\n<li>Restore the body to the best possible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ff63f91a5e16927771858327cda029\">cosmetic</span> condition before releasing it to relatives</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Essential Requirements</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Performed by a registered medical practitioner with specialized training or experience in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> medicine (forensic pathology)</li>\n<li>Meticulous examination</li>\n<li>Complete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> <strong>(Option A ruled out) </strong></li>\n<li>Materials sent to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> science laboratory Preservation of records and evidence</li>\n<li>Objective reporting to the police or magistrate is required. <strong>(Option D ruled out) </strong></li>\n<li>Consent of kin is not required<strong> (Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Requisition from police or magistrate <strong>(Option C ruled out) </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JVLrGSrA18qhyVLw4l9K1737089379.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements regarding clinical autopsy is false?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Consent from kin is required", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Requested by a clinician", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Always complete", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tests are done in a medical laboratory", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Always complete", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/sgKAKnAY4ryaWVOwyfLn1736840077.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Given below are a few statements on various kinds of autopsy. Which of them is true? A psychological autopsy is done after suicide. Virtopsy combines 2D surface scanning/CAD photogrammetry with radiologic imaging like MRI. Psychological autopsy involves data collection. The ability to identify the infection status of antemortem from postmortem wounds is limited in Virtopsy. Easy to identify postmortem artifacts using Virtopsy", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "All are true", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "All except 2, 4 and 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "All except 2 and 4", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All except 2 and 5", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. All except 2 and 5", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:612px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Virtual autopsy/Virtopsy </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Virtopsy is a non-invasive alternative to traditional <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> using <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fe3220767716927771892419444041\">imaging</span> instead of physical dissection.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Technology</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Utilizes<strong> 3D surface scanning, MSCT, MRI, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4c453b57b51692777183ad486096a9\">CAD</span> </strong>photogrammetry to create a digital, objective record.<strong> (Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>This can be shared online for secondary opinions and presented as evidence in court if required.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Provides high-resolution, colored 3D images in various sections</li>\n<li>Allows <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"33ba8d60fb16927772029d1067e602\">visualization</span> of body surfaces, deeper tissues, organs, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bc8bc758371692777185eff2ccabb7\">coronary</span> vessels, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> emboli, soft tissue trauma, and bone injuries</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Limitations</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>High cost of equipment</li>\n<li>Radiologic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fe3220767716927771892419444041\">imaging</span> limitations,<strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f087a3103216927771903f59008962\">interference</span> from metal</strong></li>\n<li>Limited ability to distinguish internal organ colors</li>\n<li>Incomplete database for diagnosis</li>\n<li><strong>Challenges in identifying infection status</strong>, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e95b8b18db1692777181eb63100f9b\">antemortem</span> vs. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> wounds <strong> (Options B and C ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Difficulty in identifying <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> artifacts</strong> and subtle tissue injuries, and differentiating certain <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c0c247b89916927771948bc5e6d39c\">pathological</span> conditions <strong> (Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/F35QdsNwed6fDYAm78UO1736840500.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "2-5% of autopsies cannot determine the cause of death even after extensive lab investigations. What are such autopsies called?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Obscure autopsy", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Negative autopsy", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Virtual autopsy", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Clinical autopsy", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Negative autopsy", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Obscure <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Negative <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> may not be clear at the time of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e42da316b916927771860f0ba81c19\">dissection</span> but can often be determined after detailed clinical, and laboratory investigations, and interviews</li>\n<li>Examples: Epilepsy, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">reflex</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fb29f3cd516927772017bd29c2581\">vagal</span> inhibition, uremia, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b83ec31581692777181547f1a89ef\">anesthetic</span> overdose</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> remains unknown even after extensive laboratory investigations</li>\n<li>Occurs in 2-5% of all <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> cases</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/BEMUDi73CcwIeDziS1B51736840249.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 60-year-old male patient was found deceased under unknown circumstances, and a detailed autopsy was requested to investigate possible causes of death. During the procedure, the police surgeon decided to use an evisceration technique that involves dissecting and examining each organ system individually rather than removing the organs as a whole. Which of the following techniques is he most likely using?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Letulle", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rokitansky", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Gohn", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Virchow", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Gohn", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>En Masse (Letulle)</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Removing most internal organs in one full swoop</li>\n<li>Rapid technique</li>\n<li>Dissection afterward is lengthy</li>\n<li>Leaves all attachments intact</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Virchow’s Method</p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Organs are removed individually</li>\n<li>Useful if the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c0c247b89916927771948bc5e6d39c\">pathological</span> focus is on a single organ</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>In Situ <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e42da316b916927771860f0ba81c19\">Dissection</span> (Rokitansky)</p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Organs are dissected within the body with minimal evisceration</li>\n<li>Rarely performed, but useful in cases involving highly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"79fc5a182c1692777200dc9d221494\">transmissible</span> diseases</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>En block (Ghon)</p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Separate block <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e42da316b916927771860f0ba81c19\">dissection</span> and organ separation</li>\n<li>Relatively quick</li>\n<li>Preserves most important inter-organ relationships</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/of7wKZQj5E2FdAcz20zf1736840790.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is conducting an autopsy on a middle-aged female. The case requires a thorough examination of the thoracic and abdominal organs while maintaining an aesthetic appearance for potential display. Which incision technique is most appropriate to ensure optimal exposure of internal organs and accommodate forensic display requirements?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "I-shaped Incision", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Y-shaped Incision", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Modified Y-shaped Incision", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "T-shaped Incision", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Modified Y-shaped Incision", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/QUjciXi9kV0MOlydn61J1735808570.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PIM0QgjlEhbsvSrORDik1735808619.png"], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Incision Type</th>\n<th>Description</th>\n<th>Use Case</th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>I-shaped incision (Option A)</strong></td>\n<td>Straight vertical cut from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"751ea5589f1692777199db9f2ec233\">suprasternal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"80dc1890d11692777193322fc863b1\">notch</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fff48ca9da16927771966fd16bbacc\">pubic</span> symphysis</td>\n<td>Rarely used, limited exposure</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Y-shaped incision (Option B)</strong></td>\n<td>From <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7ce5726fb0169277718072972038ca\">acromion</span> processes to xiphoid, then midline to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fff48ca9da16927771966fd16bbacc\">pubic</span> symphysis</td>\n<td>Standard in adult autopsies</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Modified Y-shaped (Option C)</strong></td>\n<td>Oblique cuts below the breasts (avoiding neck), then midline down</td>\n<td>Preferred for aesthetic preservation in females</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T-shaped incision (Option D)</strong></td>\n<td>Horizontal cut across shoulders + vertical cut down</td>\n<td>Used when more exposure of neck and shoulders is needed</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5NP7IOxwX0uCnaMADND81745992368.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male is found dead in his apartment under suspicious circumstances. Upon initial external examination, petechial hemorrhages are noted around the eyes. The scene suggests a possible asphyxial death, as there are no overt signs of trauma. During the autopsy by the police surgeon, which among the following has to be opened first to identify definitive signs of asphyxia?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Thoracic cavity", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Abdominal cavity", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Cranial cavity", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Pelvic cavity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Cranial cavity", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:425px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Order of Opening Cavities</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Head Injury Cases, Asphyxial Deaths</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The skull opened before the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30e8f90f0e16927772006cb55500e7\">thorax</span> and abdomen.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pneumothorax, Venous air embolism</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30e8f90f0e16927772006cb55500e7\">Thorax</span> opened first, then the skull.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZwcRNx9Xe2WqZ0rpezaa1745992574.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old man is found dead at home and poisoning is suspected. During the autopsy, the forensic pathologist decides to dissect the stomach to examine its contents. Which of the following is the most appropriate procedure for stomach dissection to preserve evidence of poisoning and ensure accurate forensic analysis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Open the stomach along the greater curvature and discard the contents", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Open the stomach along the lesser curvature and collect the contents for toxicology", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Open the stomach along the greater curvature and collect the contents for toxicology", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Incise the stomach along the pylorus and drain the contents into the small intestine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Open the stomach along the greater curvature and collect the contents for toxicology", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Organ</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dissection Method</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Key Features </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brain </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cerebrum</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is separated from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a9c41a58d816927771847775d63d96\">cerebellum</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4004f1f7241692777183d200f866da\">brainstem</span> with a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f4a4d02ec169277718995b05c1d26\">horizontal</span> cut.</li>\n<li>Sliced coronally at 1 cm intervals.</li>\n<li>Fixed brains sliced through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"06d33302e016927771911f7ef71255\">mammillary</span> bodies, then coronally.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Asymmetry, brain shift, old infarcts, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"da6db7b0e21692777203c4075458d3\">focal</span> lesions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> dilation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cab8787ce916927771852a7e72f34d\">cortex</span> shrinkage, fat emboli, petechial hemorrhage, and edema.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cerebellum</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Horizontally dissected in a ‘fan’ shape.</li>\n<li>Middle slice through the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e0c09f9e461692777185212f4de159\">dentate</span> nucleus.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Structural abnormalities such as hemorrhages and lesions.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Brainstem</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sliced perpendicular to its <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c28fd47f71692777182efbbaa5f6d\">axis</span> at 5 mm intervals.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hemorrhages, softening, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"38c41e122116927771859b63deb0ed\">cystic</span> degeneration, and tumors.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Heart </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Inflow-outflow</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open the right atrium, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3ab13cdf64169277720085e2ebef1c\">tricuspid</span> valve, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5ebe3b1fbd1692777196b3ced12100\">pulmonic</span> valve.</li>\n<li>Open left atrium, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d93de7238d16927771922b27cb6086\">mitral</span> valve, and aortic valve.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Best for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"686725cf89169277719994d7d523d1\">systematic</span> chamber and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"416dd1004a169277720177d9a6adc5\">valve</span> evaluation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ventricular Slicing</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>First, slice 3 cm from the apex.</li>\n<li>Parallel slices 1 cm apart.</li>\n<li>Rest opened along with blood flow.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Useful for suspected ischemic myocardial disease, shows <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77aed446d2169277719007f42bf052\">infarction</span> distribution.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sandwich Technique</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>The knife slices the left <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> muscle.</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c64e23ddb8169277719344010b3fc0\">myocardium</span> opened like a book.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Exposes infarcts or fibrotic plaques in the myocardium.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Spinal Cord </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Posterior Approach</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Long midline incision, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7eae099d8d1692777202469603e6ed\">flap</span> skin and muscle outward.</li>\n<li>Posterior <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a89dd67841692777182ee412af263\">arch</span> cut with a saw.</li>\n<li>Remove <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> processes and laminae.</li>\n<li>Open <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"826ce1571f1692777186a0b6e02559\">dura</span> and cut nerves for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord removal.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Lesions along the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d816ba952f1692777199fc69bd7c56\">spinal</span> cord and surrounding tissues.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intestine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The entire length is dissected.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Injuries, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> reactions, foreign bodies (bullets), <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b118cf61a016927772018a179057ef\">ulcerative</span> colitis-like lesions (mercuric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> poisoning).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Remove and weigh.</li>\n<li>Multiple <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6260fa86416927772008d36bd7e5f\">transverse</span> sections 1–2 cm apart.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hepatomegaly (inflammation, neoplasia) or shrunken liver (cirrhosis). Gallbladder <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"54e0888a6616927771945a99208287\">pathology</span> (stones, inflammation).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/MZi3R27Y4cuphEqjjT5N1745900859.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old man was found dead under suspicious circumstances, and his body was buried without a post-mortem examination. Months later, new evidence suggests foul play, and the family now requests further investigation. The local police inspector wishes to exhume the body to re-examine the cause of death. Which of the following authorities is legally empowered to order an exhumation in this case? A) Police Inspector B) First Class Magistrate C) Sub-Inspector of Police D) Medical Officer E) Sub-Divisional Magistrate", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "All except D", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "All except C and D", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Only B and E", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "None of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Only B and E", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:662px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Exhumation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Legal disinterment of a previously buried body.</li>\n<li>Conducted when post-burial examination is necessary.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Common Reasons</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Criminal Cases:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Re-examine suspected homicides disguised as suicides/accidents.</li>\n<li>Investigate deaths from criminal abortion or negligence.</li>\n<li>Retrieve evidence (e.g., bullets).</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Civil Cases:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Insurance/worker's compensation claims.</li>\n<li>Professional negligence cases.</li>\n<li>Inheritance disputes or identity verification.</li>\n<li>Correct burial errors (If the wrong body was buried)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Procedure Requirements</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Timing &amp; Personnel:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Must be conducted during daylight (start in the morning).</li>\n<li>A medical officer, magistrate, and police officer are required.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Documentation:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Verify grave location and markers.</li>\n<li>Collect soil samples (above, below, and beside the body/coffin).</li>\n<li>Document body position and appearance.</li>\n<li>Create a detailed grave diagram.</li>\n<li>Photograph grave, coffin, and body.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Handling Guidelines</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Avoid altering the body (no use of disinfectants or pesticides).</li>\n<li>Use plank or plastic sheet for removal if <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9ab6d764b169277718589e0796975\">decomposition</span> is minimal.</li>\n<li>Transport the body to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"be19fda63016927771925cac22b546\">mortuary</span> for post-mortem examination.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/BaC3UUfmZO0xLn82jeHq1745901224.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old man who had been incarcerated for political dissent is reported to have died under suspicious circumstances. The autopsy reveals multiple injuries consistent with physical torture. In considering international guidelines for the medical investigation of such cases, which key document outlines principles and standards for identifying and investigating torture for a Police Surgeon?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Declaration of Tokyo", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Istanbul Protocol", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Declaration of Helsinki", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Nuremberg Code", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Istanbul Protocol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:442px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Declaration / Document</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Focus / Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Istanbul Protocol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Documentation and investigation of <strong>torture and ill-treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Declaration of Tokyo</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Guidelines for doctors on torture related to <strong>detention and imprisonment (Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Declaration of Helsinki</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethical principles for <strong>medical research</strong> involving human subjects <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Nuremberg Code</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethics in <strong>human experimentation</strong> post-WWII <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Geneva Conventions</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treatment of <strong>combatants and civilians</strong> during armed conflict</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Declaration of Malta</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Guidelines on <strong>physicians’ roles during hunger strikes</strong>, especially in custodial settings</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/fz6NDGFwU63Lnp84bLCE1740204103.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the type of torture mentioned in the image given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Scaphism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Dry Submarine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Picana", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "El Plantón", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. El Plantón", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/hQ8MfskVUGkdS3e9b3jb1735808786.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/QVbiJiSE5OjWdQC16pVH1735808805.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/eyN6qPMHWy5BOKzaD3kC1735808857.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/BZckKwgmFNqWu0sYnjra1735808870.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/CIj8tkKZUbMj1XdzoS931735808895.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of Torture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>El Plantón</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Victim is forced to stand for <strong>extended periods in the ‘Army Corps’</strong> poster or body folding or on one leg.</li>\n<li>Dependent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18b452e75916927771864c9ad533e1\">edema</span> and petechiae.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x2r8f73z\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"685\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/QVbiJiSE5OjWdQC16pVH1735808805.png\" width=\"217\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Scaphism</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>An ancient <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> of execution involving being trapped between two boats and subjected to insects and exposure.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/eyN6qPMHWy5BOKzaD3kC1735808857.png\" width=\"4168\"/></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dry Submarine</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Form of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e0548ff4a1692777199fc352dfa49\">suffocation</span> where the victim's head is wrapped in a plastic bag, causing breathing difficulty.</li>\n<li>Lung <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> are seen.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/BZckKwgmFNqWu0sYnjra1735808870.png\" width=\"4168\"/></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Picana/Electric cattle prod</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>An electric torture method that applies electric shocks to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e919a208b16927771885d9c1f6662\">genital</span> region.</li>\n<li>Reddish brown lesions at points of contact with burning and scarring.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/CIj8tkKZUbMj1XdzoS931735808895.png\" width=\"1000\"/></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/o5uLuGMoEcEUIliSotgE1739286910.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the type of torture mentioned in the image given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Chepuwa", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Belana", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sawhorse", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Operating table", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Belana", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/riRoNvHXfQaxEug3sNfA1735809118.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/YfrN0nNnXHQCf2fRyE0x1735809174.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bkcsb5giyXiOrWmZcRs21735809192.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/wlt4YTpWyLk9DalYzQh11735809213.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZsZhjazQ6muW9mHDuNUz1735809225.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of torture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Belana or The roller</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The pole is placed on the back of the victim and is pressed down with great weight and then rolled up over the legs and the body.</li>\n<li>Crushing of soft tissue and damage to muscles of the legs and the body.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1999\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/YfrN0nNnXHQCf2fRyE0x1735809174.png\" width=\"1999\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Chepuwa</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The thighs of the victim are placed under two wooden rods and pressed to induce severe pain.</li>\n</ul>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Bkcsb5giyXiOrWmZcRs21735809192.png\" width=\"1000\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sawhorse or ‘el cabellete’</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Forced straddling on a sharp object like a saw.</li>\n<li>Perineal bruising was seen.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/wlt4YTpWyLk9DalYzQh11735809213.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Operating table or ‘el quirofano’</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Beating on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ac388c59831692777180f5a8e12913\">abdomen</span> while lying on a table with the upper half of the body unsupported.</li>\n<li>Bruise, ruptured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> viscera.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZsZhjazQ6muW9mHDuNUz1735809225.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bTsuDyCdVNvn8IGrq6Gh1737276828.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the type of torture mentioned in the image given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Telefono", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Falanga", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Passing the board", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Nail torture", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Telefono", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/BwS1LBR0xcN5jWmeV3Df1735809291.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/9QRVsvsyBQD2Brxu1ty51735809300.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/rd8gY3V7S9XgKLhhuw5r1735809377.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bTm2PtpRbnNVIue85D5y1735809437.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VPHr9iNBYKRaeOu5j3JF1735809469.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of torture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Telefono/Ear torture</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Repeated and simultaneous slapping of both the ears by open hands of the torturer.</li>\n<li>Ruptured <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"391176370016927772011d1b8315bc\">tympanic</span> membrane.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/9QRVsvsyBQD2Brxu1ty51735809300.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Falanga or Bastinado</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Most common <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> of torture.</li>\n<li>Victim is suspended upside down and then beaten on the soles by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"324b1bfa7816927771834f9e3f6704\">blunt</span> instruments such as sticks, clubs or rifle butts.</li>\n<li>Haematoma of the soles.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Julian von Bredow\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_whipping\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/rd8gY3V7S9XgKLhhuw5r1735809377.png\" width=\"2212\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Passing the board or Beating buttocks</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Victim is forced to the ground and beaten viciously with the board club or baton on the buttock.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2084\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/bTm2PtpRbnNVIue85D5y1735809437.png\" width=\"2084\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Nail torture</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Victims' nails (either fingernails or toenails) are subjected to various forms of abuse, such as being pulled out, crushed, or having sharp objects driven under them.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"© Copyright Minghui.org 1999-2015\" data-source=\"https://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2011/4/6/124252.html\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"811\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/VPHr9iNBYKRaeOu5j3JF1735809469.png\" width=\"280\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/HhJ3gtno3Y2lRkJtm4dp1745140719.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the type of torture mentioned in the image given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "La Bandera", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Parrot Perch", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Crucifixion", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Jack Knife Position", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Parrot Perch", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/wc6q7VztQeQBKpmt3xIp1735809585.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/P4uyvDd4c2lUPUNjaKnd1735809652.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GkxfoQvqqMmlnaXX0qoy1735809667.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/nY8NkcjOcyJjclhi9snc1735809806.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/VAheseE6EOk5zEAztyFI1735809868.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of torture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>La Bandera</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves hanging the victim by their wrists, often with weights attached to the feet, causing intense pain in the arms and shoulders.</li>\n<li>Nerve and muscle damage with joint injuries seen.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Johnbod\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"OPEN ACCESS\" data-source=\"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Strappado_by_Jacques_Callot_(cropped).jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/P4uyvDd4c2lUPUNjaKnd1735809652.png\" width=\"3505\"/></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Parrot Perch/Jack or ‘Pau <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"233d458dd316927771854358419c86\">de</span> arara’</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Victim is suspended head down from a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6f4a4d02ec169277718995b05c1d26\">horizontal</span> pole placed under the knees with the wrist <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d82fcb9d1f16927771836a9f6ccf14\">bound</span> to the ankles.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Antonio Cruz/ABr\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 3.0 br\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pau_de_arara\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"1373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/GkxfoQvqqMmlnaXX0qoy1735809667.png\" width=\"2365\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Crucifixion/Palestine hanging</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The victim is nailed or tied to a cross, leaving them to hang in an agonizing position, often leading to death by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c6cf9127a16927771824a1643ba99\">asphyxiation</span> or exhaustion.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Diego Velázquez \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"OPEN ACCESS\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/nY8NkcjOcyJjclhi9snc1735809806.png\" width=\"2833\"/></p>\n<br/>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Jack Knife Position </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The victim is bent forward, usually with their legs straight and their upper body folded down toward the knees, causing muscle cramps and restricted breathing.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Saltanat ebli\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jack_-_knife_position.gif\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2370\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/VAheseE6EOk5zEAztyFI1735809868.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/elGnRAhKrZ2Y6677vrum1739286675.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the type of torture mentioned in the image given below?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Wet Submarine", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Black Slave", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Iron Chair", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Judas cradle", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Wet Submarine", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/N58UYVSaDP2lTLVLm8RS1735809945.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/nJgfIhKrlMgy1bijm4Ox1735809956.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jL0xIhwTwx0cO2oxvSWN1735809975.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/LuPH2UJu3825BjuJeRIx1735809997.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/3czJ6C7BMepltWFBVqIb1735810041.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of torture</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Wet Submarine </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Involves submerging the victim's head in water or a similar liquid to create a sensation of drowning.</li>\n<li>Fecal matter and other debris in the airways.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2084\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/nJgfIhKrlMgy1bijm4Ox1735809956.png\" width=\"2084\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Black Slave </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong><strong> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hot metal skewer is inserted up the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08e2e9f18c169277718155d36ba98e\">anus</span> of the victim.</li>\n<li>Perianal and rectal burns were seen.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"2084\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/jL0xIhwTwx0cO2oxvSWN1735809975.png\" width=\"2084\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron Chair/Confession chair /Interrogation chair</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The victim is tied to an iron chair equipped with either wooden or iron spikes, which could be heated from below.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/LuPH2UJu3825BjuJeRIx1735809997.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Judas cradle</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>The victim is first stripped and then suspended over a pointed pyramid.</li>\n<li>The torture using ropes and pulleys, used to raise and lower the victim so that the point would penetrate the anus, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8537d8358c169277720162f2f6971b\">vagina</span> or scrotum.</li>\n</ul>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"\" data-source=\"\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/3czJ6C7BMepltWFBVqIb1735810041.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GojbMXm8hfXUSkTcmxTu1739286556.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 25 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A family died in a closed room that was full of smoke from a wood fire. Which of the following findings is likely to be seen on the body?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cherry red hypostasis", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cyanosis", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Blackish discoloration", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Brown colored pigmentation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Cherry red hypostasis", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table align=\"center\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:466px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">Staining</span> Characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium (Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Purple or blackish staining</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carbon <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03077f6c8716927771923763487a9e\">monoxide</span> (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cherry red discoloration (COHb &gt; 30%)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e84bc8bb5169277719934af06eb80\">sulfide</span> </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Greenish discoloration in tissues</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Asphyxial signs (no specific color)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organochlorine/Kerosene </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Asphyxial signs (no specific color)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphates, aniline, and nitrites (Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Brown-colored pigmentation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:590px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carbon Monoxide</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Odourless, colorless, non-irritating gas, lighter than air</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sources of Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incomplete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"260cad33301692777184652a5acd7d\">combustion</span> </strong>of almost of fuel (wood, charcoal, gas, kerosene)</li>\n<li>Automobile exhaust</li>\n<li>Fires: A common cause of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> resulting in mass deaths - large building (hotel, theatre, block of flats, etc.) in flames</li>\n<li>Paint remover (especially <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">methylene</span> chloride)</li>\n<li>Tobacco smoke</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> level in plasma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>1 to 5 %</li>\n<li>7 to 8 % in smokers</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>230 to 270 times greater affinity</strong> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> than oxygen</li>\n<li>Leftward shift of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fe0bb103fc1692777194ee9f85bd86\">oxyhemoglobin</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18fb34ab321692777186e9bc95a726\">dissociation</span> curve</li>\n<li>Reduced arterial oxygen content</li>\n<li>Inactivating mitochondrial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a14dfa14e1692777194882f818d87\">oxidase</span> - <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aea081ceb416927771976e2c17be74\">respiration</span> is interfered</li>\n<li>CO-induced brain injuries are common in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> ganglia, cerebral white matter, hippocampus, and cerebellum.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Depends on the concentration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> in the blood</li>\n<li>CO exposure during pregnancy is teratogenic</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Carboxyhemoglobin level (COHb) in blood</li>\n<li>Arterial blood gases</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oxygen (100%)</strong> through a tight-fitting mask or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cdccef317a1692777187a7bc217232\">endotracheal</span> tube, until COHb falls to 15 to 20%</li>\n<li><strong>Hyperbaric oxygen:</strong> Inhalation of oxygen at a pressure greater than 1 atmosphere absolute</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cherry red (pink) color</strong> of skin, inner aspects of lips, nail beds, tongue, palms and soles</li>\n<li><strong>Cutaneous bullae</strong> (skin blisters) in the calves, buttocks, wrists, and knees</li>\n<li>Cherry pink color of blood and tissues</li>\n<li>Firmer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"faffdfe705169277720242bf7ee9b5\">white matter</span> of the brain</li>\n<li>Necrosis and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e3d0adac31692777183113e8b2e05\">cavitation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> ganglia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A person died suddenly whose family is abroad. His viscera was preserved during autopsy. Which of the following can be detected in his visceral organs even on non-consumption before his death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Morphine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Aconite", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Alcohol", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Alcohol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During autopsy of fetal death case, What is the order of examination to differentiate between live birth and stillbirth?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Abdomen&amp;gt; head&amp;gt; thorax", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Thorax&amp;gt; head&amp;gt; abdomen", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Head&amp;gt; abdomen&amp;gt; thorax", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Head&amp;gt; thorax&amp;gt; abdomen", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Head&gt; abdomen&gt; thorax", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Step</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Purpose</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Head</strong></td>\n<td>Check for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cd42e0ddad1692777190d18c595ec5\">intracranial</span> injuries, maceration, skull ossification</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Thorax</strong></td>\n<td>Vital for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20b745c46c1692777189374f036950\">hydrostatic</span> lung test (float/sink test)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Abdomen</strong></td>\n<td>Check for organ development, meconium, and anomalies</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Blood during autopsy is preserved in?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "NaF", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "NaCl", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Formalin", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rectified spirit", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. NaF", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Specimen</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primary specimen; collect from femoral, iliac, or axillary veins to avoid contamination.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative: </strong>Lithium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"050e27829716927771885eddb2620c\">heparin</span> or EDTA tube, Sodium fluoride/oxalate <strong>(Option A)</strong>, if alcohol is suspected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Useful for detecting parent compounds and metabolites of poisons.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative: </strong>No preservative, sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cdfdfcdc616927772026ac0b8d995\">fluoride</span> is added, if alcohol is</p>\n<p>Suspected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastric Contents</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps identify ingested poisons and their concentrations through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58a09a3d07169277720271320338d4\">vomitus</span> and stomach contents analysis.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative:</strong> Saturated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77e95b17ce1692777198780a5d0843\">salt solution</span> if there is no chance of acid poison.<strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n<p>Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n<p>.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Analyzes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b1a045f5f169277719210c0ac7a1e\">metabolism</span> and concentration of drugs; critical when blood/urine concentrations are low. Bile can detect specific substances like <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6cef1cc8616927771849eace61464\">chlorpromazine</span> and morphine.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative:</strong> Saturated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77e95b17ce1692777198780a5d0843\">salt solution</span> if there is no chance of acid poison.</p>\n<p>Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hair and Nails</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e8ada09fa1692777189bfbace851a\">heavy metal</span> poisoning; metals accumulate in keratin. Neutron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> analysis identifies specific metals and exposure patterns.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Scene Residues</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provides clues about the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> through materials found at the scene, such as tablets or empty containers.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a police investigation, some bones are uncovered from the crime scene. Which of the following tests would aid in differentiating between human and canine bones, during the forensic analysis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Precipitin test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Acid-phosphatase", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "LDH", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Teichmann test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Precipitin test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/gFNaRXm1UZ663vMeJmm21747374880.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7p99mXgegSEqyLmvsuGz1747374893.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Takayama Test</strong></p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Vanessa Stewart, Paul Deacon, Nathalie Zahra, Mari Uchimoto, Kevin Farrugia\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY NC ND 4.0\" data-source=\"https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/15029667/Farrugia_TheEffectOfMarkEnhancementTechniquesOnThePresumptiveAndConfirmatoryTests_Author_2018.pdf\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"248\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/gFNaRXm1UZ663vMeJmm21747374880.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> by forming red, feathery crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dcccae21671692777196dc33208a39\">pyridine</span> ferroprotoporphyrin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teichmann Test </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\">\n<figure class=\"caption_element\" style=\"display:inline-block\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://elearning.raghunathpurcollege.ac.in/files/CE08FC0816227718690.pdf\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"373\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/7p99mXgegSEqyLmvsuGz1747374893.png\" width=\"500\"/>\n<figcaption>{{caption_text}}</figcaption>\n</figure>\n</div>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> to hemin, creating brownish-yellow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0115afa2131692777197b45ae0d136\">rhomboid</span> crystals, confirming blood presence.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Precipitin Test </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Identifies species origin through antibody-antigen reactions, using antisera specific to human blood.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>HemaTrace Test </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uses <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2b82438d6169277719287eb450079\">monoclonal</span> antibodies to detect human hemoglobin, showing a visible pink band for confirmation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "The graph depicting the post-mortem cooling process is typically expected to have what shape?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hyperbolic", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sigmoid", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Linear", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Parabolic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Sigmoid", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/JFJWor5CROPgKPATxBMC1699592940.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JFJWor5CROPgKPATxBMC1699592940.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Sig\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the specific name of the test performed by the doctor during the autopsy where they tied the bronchus and submerged the lung in water to determine if it floats or sinks?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Gettler's test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ploucquet's test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hydrostatic test", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Diatom's test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hydrostatic test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 17 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A registered medical practitioner is requested by a survivor of sexual violence to examine her. Within what time must the practitioner take a vaginal swab to look for the presence of spermatozoa?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Within 72 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Within 36 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Within 5 day", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Within 48 hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Within 72 hours", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What will be the gestational age of the fetus if the crown rump length is 21 cm and the length of the lower limb is 10 cm?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "6 to 7 months", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "4 to 5 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "7 to 8 months", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Term", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 6 to 7 months", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 12 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "During the visit to the outpatient department, a female patient aged 18 years was examined. The genital examination disclosed the following observations. These observations suggest: 1. Labia majora - separated 2. Labia minora - flabby 3. Fourchette tear present 4. Roomy vagina seen with intact hymen", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "True virgin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "False virgin", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Premenstrual stage", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Molestation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. False virgin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>True Virgin</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>False Virgin</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Genital Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Intact, rigid, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d1bbbd44d1692777190476c70c690\">inelastic</span> hymen; admits only a fingertip, causing pain.</li>\n<li>Thick, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"384d0cc3641692777202e927a4d222\">fleshy</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora that close the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> orifice; small, pink <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> minora covered by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora.</li>\n<li>Narrow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8537d8358c169277720162f2f6971b\">vagina</span> with prominent rugae; full finger cannot be admitted.</li>\n<li>Present <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30a1ba21881692777203de4e7b8537\">fossa</span> navicularis, intact fourchette, narrow vestibule, small clitoris, intact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> commissure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Intact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48e698ca3f16927771896b24ddaad9\">hymen</span> that may be loose, elastic, or thick; admits two fingers easily.</li>\n<li>Less <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"384d0cc3641692777202e927a4d222\">fleshy</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1aca482e7e169277719443d10dbe5f\">orifice</span> may be visible; enlarged, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"85dafbf32f1692777195b9d9f035d8\">pigmented</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> minora.</li>\n<li>Roomy <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8537d8358c169277720162f2f6971b\">vagina</span> with less prominent rugae; full finger can be admitted.</li>\n<li>Disappearance of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30a1ba21881692777203de4e7b8537\">fossa</span> navicularis; torn and healed fourchette; wider vestibule; enlarged clitoris; possibly torn <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> commissure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Extra-Genital Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, hemispherical, firm breasts; pink areola.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Larger, pendulous, flabby breasts; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"85dafbf32f1692777195b9d9f035d8\">pigmented</span> areola.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 11 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Recording of evidence of a female in sexual Assault in court is done in?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Open court proceedings", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Closed court proceedings", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hearing on different location", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hearing on camera", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Closed court proceedings", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Closed court proceeding\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Typically, what is the condition of the hymen in cases of sexual assault involving a young child?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Ruptured since it is located superficially", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ruptured since it is very thin", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Unruptured since it is deeply situated", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Unruptured since it is highly elastic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Unruptured since it is deeply situated", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "In the OPD, a 5-year-old child presenting with a past medical record of perianal pain is examined. Upon testing a sample obtained from the perianal region, it reveals the presence of yellow rhombic crystals of spermine picrate. What is the specific diagnostic procedure used to identify this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Barberio test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Florence test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Takayama test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Teichmann test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Barberio test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/q26DLvztHuaKHh1Zz5Gi1745223165.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KvC08DQHSF9Ghlr2pmMl1745223171.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Test Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Substance Detected</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Result</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Reagent Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mnemonic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Notes</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Barberio Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Spermine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Yellow needle-shaped crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d2dcd7d96c169277719967dfef3e51\">Spermine</span> Picrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Picric acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Barbar picks your hair with a needle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d2dcd7d96c169277719967dfef3e51\">Spermine</span> from the prostate; confirms the presence of seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Florence Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Dark brown rhombic crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">Choline</span> iodide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>KI (Potassium Iodide)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Florence has 'C', C for Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>It detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">choline</span> from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c78e813e3a1692777198261357cb13\">seminal vesicle</span> and is used to identify seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "As a medical officer, what actions should you take when a 14-year-old girl accompanied by her mother presents to the outpatient department (OPD) with a history of penovaginal penetration by a neighbor, with consent given by the girl? The girl expresses her refusal to undergo an examination. 1. Document informed refusal 2. Do not inform the police 3. Counsel the mother and daughter 4. Examine with necessary force 5. Inform the police", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, 3 are true", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "2, 3, 4 are true", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, 3, 5 are true", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "3, 4, 5 are true", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1, 3, 5 are true", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ul><li>↳ Initial Steps: The police should advise the survivor not to bathe or change clothes to preserve evidence. The scene of the offense may be visited if necessary. The medical officer must ensure the survivor is treated with sensitivity and in an environment of trust, particularly when the survivor is from a marginalized group.</li><li>↳ Initial Steps:</li><li>↳ The police should advise the survivor not to bathe or change clothes to preserve evidence. The scene of the offense may be visited if necessary. The medical officer must ensure the survivor is treated with sensitivity and in an environment of trust, particularly when the survivor is from a marginalized group.</li><li>↳ The police should advise the survivor not to bathe or change clothes to preserve evidence.</li><li>↳ The scene of the offense may be visited if necessary.</li><li>↳ The medical officer must ensure the survivor is treated with sensitivity and in an environment of trust, particularly when the survivor is from a marginalized group.</li><li>↳ Examination Procedure: A police requisition is required, except when the victim approaches the doctor directly. Informed consent must be obtained for the examination and evidence collection. The survivor has the right to refuse parts of the examination, but this refusal should be documented. Consent must be signed by the survivor (if ≥12 years old) or their guardian (if &lt;12 years old). The survivor can refuse to report to the police, but the doctor is still required to inform them about the incident.</li><li>↳ Examination Procedure:</li><li>↳ A police requisition is required, except when the victim approaches the doctor directly. Informed consent must be obtained for the examination and evidence collection. The survivor has the right to refuse parts of the examination, but this refusal should be documented. Consent must be signed by the survivor (if ≥12 years old) or their guardian (if &lt;12 years old). The survivor can refuse to report to the police, but the doctor is still required to inform them about the incident.</li><li>↳ A police requisition is required, except when the victim approaches the doctor directly.</li><li>↳ Informed consent must be obtained for the examination and evidence collection. The survivor has the right to refuse parts of the examination, but this refusal should be documented.</li><li>↳ Consent must be signed by the survivor (if ≥12 years old) or their guardian (if &lt;12 years old).</li><li>↳ The survivor can refuse to report to the police, but the doctor is still required to inform them about the incident.</li><li>↳ Examining Process: The victim should be identified, and a female doctor or attendant should ideally conduct the examination, or a female presence should be maintained. The examination should be carried out promptly to prevent loss of evidence. Statements from the victim and accompanying persons should be recorded separately, especially if the abuser is present. Special care should be given to transgender or intersex individuals, respecting their preferences for examination.</li><li>↳ Examining Process:</li><li>↳ The victim should be identified, and a female doctor or attendant should ideally conduct the examination, or a female presence should be maintained. The examination should be carried out promptly to prevent loss of evidence. Statements from the victim and accompanying persons should be recorded separately, especially if the abuser is present. Special care should be given to transgender or intersex individuals, respecting their preferences for examination.</li><li>↳ The victim should be identified, and a female doctor or attendant should ideally conduct the examination, or a female presence should be maintained.</li><li>↳ The examination should be carried out promptly to prevent loss of evidence.</li><li>↳ Statements from the victim and accompanying persons should be recorded separately, especially if the abuser is present.</li><li>↳ Special care should be given to transgender or intersex individuals, respecting their preferences for examination.</li><li>↳ Additional Considerations: Survivors with disabilities or from vulnerable groups (like sex workers) should be handled with particular care and their consent for examination should be respected. Past sexual encounters should not be documented unless relevant to the current incident. The Supreme Court recognizes that non-consensual intercourse with sex workers constitutes rape.</li><li>↳ Additional Considerations:</li><li>↳ Survivors with disabilities or from vulnerable groups (like sex workers) should be handled with particular care and their consent for examination should be respected. Past sexual encounters should not be documented unless relevant to the current incident. The Supreme Court recognizes that non-consensual intercourse with sex workers constitutes rape.</li><li>↳ Survivors with disabilities or from vulnerable groups (like sex workers) should be handled with particular care and their consent for examination should be respected.</li><li>↳ Past sexual encounters should not be documented unless relevant to the current incident.</li><li>↳ The Supreme Court recognizes that non-consensual intercourse with sex workers constitutes rape.</li></u\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the appropriate term to describe a person who sits naked on their balcony, deriving sexual pleasure from observing others looking at them, while overlooking a park?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Fetishism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Exhibitionism", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Masochism", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Exhibitionism", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Sadism/Algolagnia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Getting satisfaction by giving pain to a partner.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Masochism/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Passive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a300ea1811692777181d1033c8c53\">Algolagnia</span> (Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Getting satisfaction by receiving pain from a partner.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Bondage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Combination of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4db6ca817169277719840d027ecb1\">Sadism</span> and Masochism.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Lust Murder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Murder acts as a stimulus for sexual arousal.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Urolagnia/Undinism/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Urophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> smell, touch, or sight.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Uranism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Sexual gratification by fingering, fondling, licking, or sucking the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6a00bd30e169277718892b3a6076c\">genitalia</span> of the opposite sex</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Coprophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> from fecal smell and touch.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Sexual Oralism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fellatio: Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> of male genitalia.</li>\n<li>Cunnilingus: Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> of female genitalia<strong> </strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Exhibitionism (Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Showing private parts.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Streaking: Running naked in public.</li>\n<li>Mooning: Showing bare <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0af4564cf1692777183e503d226f6\">buttocks</span> (Mnemonic: Moon resembles buttocks)</li>\n<li>Flashing: Momentarily exposing body parts by quickly moving clothing (Mnemonic: like a flashlight)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Necrophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Sexual activity with a dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Necrophagia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Eating parts of a dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Fetishism(Option B</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Sexual satisfaction from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47755ae5261692777190f28393bfca\">inanimate</span> objects like bras or underpants (Common in males)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p><strong>Voyeurism/Scoptophilia/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Peeping Tom (Option A</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none\">\n<p>Watching someone undress or bathe (Specifically females)</p>\n<p>Mixoscopia: Sexual gratification from watching others engage in sex.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the appropriate IPC section for the act of inducing abortion without the consent of the woman?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "312", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "313", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "318", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "317", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 313", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer B - 313\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "All are grounds for divorce except :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Adultery", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Incurable Leprosy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Poverty", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Insanity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Poverty", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer C\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 16-year-old girl was rescued from a village in Bihar where she had been sold off by her father for Rs. 25000 to a 45-year-old man. On examination, she was found to be 12 weeks pregnant. She was granted permission to abort the pregnancy, taking into consideration the age of the girl and the circumstances of her pregnancy. A doctor who will be eligible to perform the abortion for this girl should have performed at least how many MTP prior to this?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "10", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "15", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "25", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "35", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 25", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 10-year-old male child came to the casualty with difficulty in walking and pain in the perianal region. On subjecting the specimen from the perianal region to a test, it produces yellow needle-shaped rhombic crystals with picric acid. What is the test done?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Barberio test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Florence test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Teichmann test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Acid phosphatase test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Barberio test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/pbPHRz4JlEZBgCpnNZer1745304737.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jX9sbQUWpw9kJEMyd48G1745304746.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Test Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Substance Detected</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Result</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Reagent Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Mnemonic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Notes</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Barberio Test</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Spermine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Yellow needle-shaped crystals of Spermine Picrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Picric acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Barbar picks your hair with a needle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Detects Spermine from the prostate; confirms the presence of seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Florence Test</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Dark brown rhombic crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">Choline</span> iodide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>KI (Potassium Iodide)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Florence has 'C', C for Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>It detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">choline</span> from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c78e813e3a1692777198261357cb13\">seminal vesicle</span> and is used to identify seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following procedures has been banned by the Supreme Court of India due to its association with sexual assault cases involving doctors?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Foley’s catheter insertion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Colposcopy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "PV speculum insertion", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Two-finger test", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Two-finger test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Request for Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Any police officer can request it within 24 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Consent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Must obtain consent from the woman</li>\n<li>Examination supervised by a female RMP.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Initial Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ask the victim to remove clothing.</li>\n<li>Examine and collect evidence from clothes.</li>\n<li>Look for foreign objects (hairs, seminal stains)</li>\n<li>Search for physical injuries.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Detection of Micro Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Apply toluidine-blue contrast to the anogenital area.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Swabs Collection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>4 swabs:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Smear: Prepare a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6777533153169277719804fcbbf2d1\">smear</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"79067cb33316927771926965c3c0b5\">microscopic</span> examination.</li>\n<li>Sperm: Use <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8c1db40c9169277719258df1a6b43\">motility</span> testing.</li>\n<li>DNA Profiling</li>\n<li>Chemical Tests: Acid phosphatase, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ead0fd0301692777185187bd72768\">creatinine</span> phosphokinase, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a751dc161169277719123aae1b764\">lactate</span> dehydrogenase.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Examination Position</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Examine in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f4e6b47941692777191c7f9edb1eb\">lithotomy</span> position under good lighting.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hymen Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use Glaister-Keene rods or hymenoscope</li>\n<li>Look for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> (usually <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> at 5-7 o'clock position).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Vaginal Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d681686dc1692777198955a8ffd20\">speculum</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> examination.<strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cervical Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1d1c017431692777184b3c22afce2\">colposcope</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> examination. <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Post-Examination Care</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Treat STDs, injuries, or potential pregnancy.</li>\n<li>Provide psychological support.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During the forensic examination of semen from a rape victim, the identification of distinctive yellow needle-like crystals raises attention. What is the specific test employed to ascertain the presence of sperm?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Barberio test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Acid phosphatase test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Papanicolaou smear", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Florence test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Barberio test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/WCAAAd8AXIg8M48y7hRb1747374782.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ybs833qjhbVP4Imq9Hwf1747374789.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Test Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Substance Detected</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Result</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Reagent Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Mnemonic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Notes</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Barberio Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Spermine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Yellow needle-shaped crystals of Spermine Picrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Picric acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Barbar picks your hair with a needle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Detects Spermine from the prostate; confirms the presence of seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Florence Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Dark brown rhombic crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">Choline</span> iodide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>KI (Potassium Iodide)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Florence has 'C', C for Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>It detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">choline</span> from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c78e813e3a1692777198261357cb13\">seminal vesicle</span> and is used to identify seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Declaration of Oslo by World Medical Association in 1970 deals with?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Therapeutic Abortion", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Torture, degradation or cruel treatment of prisoners", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ethical aspects for Medical Researches", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Hunger", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Therapeutic Abortion", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8dfaeedbf91692777200561b2b1d2f\"&gt;Therapeutic&lt;/span&gt; A\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Geneva</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Revision of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08412088a016927771890d0d84b810\">hippocratic</span> oath</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helsinki</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethics for medical research on human beings</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tokyo</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Guidelines for treating victims of torture, degradation, or cruel treatment of prisoners</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oslo</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Therapeutic abortion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Malta</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hunger strikes</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ottawa</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Importance of child health</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lisbon</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rights of patients</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Washington</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Biological warfare</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Venice</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Terminal illness</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Match the following sexual paraphilias:- A. Eonism B. Necrophilia C. Frotteurism D.Exhibitionism Sexual gratification by rubbing private parts against another person Exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger Sexual gratification by intercourse with dead body Sexual pleasure by wearing clothes of the opposite sex", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A4, B3, C1, D2", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "A2, B3, C4, D1", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "A4, B1, C3, D2", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A1, B4, C2, D3", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. A4, B3, C1, D2", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - A4, B3, C1, D2\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "27 weeks of gestation with congenital anomalies. whose presence is not required for authorisation of MTP?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Obstetrician", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lawyer", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Pediatrician", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sonologist", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Lawyer", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - L\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Examination of a suspicious stain shows the following finding. The test is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Barberios test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Florence test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Teichman test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Takayama test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Barberios test", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/JtageTDyIWzePdEjVEog1724827232.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - B\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A child was born after 8 months of father's death. Grandparents filed a case that the baby is not their son's. DNA is positive. The child is called ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Suppositious child", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Fabricated child", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Posthumous child", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Illegitimate child", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Posthumous child", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e8909b94a516927771964b51239053\"&gt;Posthumous&lt;/span&gt; ch\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A man wears a female dress and high heels and gets pleasure by doing so. He was not attracted to the same gender. This condition is?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Transvestic fetishism", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sexual dysphoria", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gay orientation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Transvestic fetishism", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5f6a6bae2a1692777200a3a754073a\"&gt;Transvestic&lt;/span&gt; fetish\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A registered medical practitioner is requested by a survivor of sexual violence to examine her. Within what time must the practitioner take a vaginal swab to look for the presence of spermatozoa ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Within 72 hours", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Within 36 hours", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Within 5 days", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Within 48 hours", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Within 72 hours", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Within 72 hou\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During the visit to the outpatient department, a female patient aged 18 years was examined. The genital examination disclosed the following observations. These observations suggest : Labia majora - separated Labia minora - flabby Fourchette tear present Roomy vagina seen with intact hymen", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "True virgin", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "False virgin", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Premenstrual stage", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Molestation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. False virgin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - False virg\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p> </p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>True Virgin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>False Virgin</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Definition</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Someone who has not engaged in sexual intercourse.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Someone who has an intact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48e698ca3f16927771896b24ddaad9\">hymen</span> despite having engaged in sexual activities.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hymen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intact hymen</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48e698ca3f16927771896b24ddaad9\">hymen</span> (may show some stretching or minor tears)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Genital Examination</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Normal external <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6a00bd30e169277718892b3a6076c\">genitalia</span> with no signs of previous sexual activity.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May show signs of previous sexual activity, such as separated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora, flabby <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> minora, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> in the fourchette.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sexual Experience</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No previous sexual activity.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Has engaged in sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> or other sexual activities.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Emotional/ Psychological Factors</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May have feelings of anxiety or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"79e4c1261a16927771931aaa29db93\">nervousness</span> about their first sexual encounter.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May have varying emotional responses depending on their experiences and individual circumstances.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cultural/ Social Considerations</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May hold personal, cultural, or religious beliefs regarding the importance of virginity.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May face societal pressures or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"455ce1044b1692777199ef0d3f58ec\">stigma</span> associated with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ee68cde94716927772021d543bfc9c\">virginity</span> or lack thereof.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Medical Relevance</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May have a more closed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8cbc91fb361692777190be71b24f68\">introitus</span> and a tighter hymenal ring.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May have a more relaxed <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8cbc91fb361692777190be71b24f68\">introitus</span> and a stretched hymenal ring.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which organization is related to the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Child and welfare committees", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Women and child safety department", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Children rights protection committee", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "All of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Child and welfare committees", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - Ch\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>POSCO </strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Purpose</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>To protect children from sexual abuse, exploitation, and pornography</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Definition of Child</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Any person below the age of 18 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Covered Offenses</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Penetrative assault, non-penetrative assault, sexual harassment, pornography, exploitation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Special Courts</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Established to expedite legal proceedings and protect child victims' privacy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Child-Friendly Procedures</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Child-friendly investigation, statement recording, and trial procedures</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reporting Obligations</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Duty to report suspected cases of child sexual abuse</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Punishments and Penalties</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Stringent punishments based on offense severity, including imprisonment and fines</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Child Welfare Committees</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Responsible for care, protection, and rehabilitation of child victims</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Special <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b5d5db1f591692777190869c6a7223\">Juvenile</span> Police</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Units specialized in handling cases involving child victims</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rehabilitation and Support</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provision of medical, psychological, and social support services for child victims</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Confidentiality</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ensures <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3d7249bf46169277718460cdb5ccfc\">confidentiality</span> and anonymity of child victims and witnesses</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which confirmatory test is utilized by forensic experts to establish the presence of a bloodstain at a crime scene ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Spectroscopic test", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Kastle meyer test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Benzidine test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Orthotoluidine test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Spectroscopic test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option A - S\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tests for bloodstain</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Principle/Method</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Advantages</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Disadvantages</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Kastle-Meyer Test</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Phenolphthalein test for the presence of hemoglobin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Simple and sensitive test</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can yield <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b0151941a0169277720265b58da84e\">false-positive</span> results</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Benzidine Test</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Benzidine reacts with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4fff554a316927771885dc8700abe\">heme</span> to produce a blue color</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Specific for detecting blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Benzidine is a known carcinogen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leucomalachite Green</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxidation of leucomalachite green by hemoglobin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sensitive and specific for blood</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Toxicity concerns</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Microscopic Analysis</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Examination of bloodstains under a microscope</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can provide detailed information</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Requires specialized equipment and training</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>DNA Analysis</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Identification of blood using DNA profiling</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Highly accurate and reliable identification</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Requires laboratory facilities and expertise</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Edmond Locard is most famous for?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Study of fingerprints", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Theory of exchange", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stature estimation", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Forensic ballistics", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Theory of exchange", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Theory of exchang\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Frotteurism is characterized as _____________:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Obtaining sexual pleasure by wearing clothes of opposite sex", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Desire to seek surgery to become member of opposite sex", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sexual gratification by rubbing his private parts against another person", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Sexual gratification by rubbing his private parts against another person", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Sexual gratification by &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ae59957c1692777197359406f6f4\"&gt;rubbing&lt;/span&gt; his private parts against anoth\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Medical Term</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Explanation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Transvestism or Cross-dressing</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to obtaining sexual pleasure or gratification by wearing clothes typically associated with the opposite sex.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gender <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"08289506491692777186a3dceb93ad\">dysphoria</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ef4efed5d61692777188f931d3254e\">Gender identity</span> disorder</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Describes the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afafb9026e1692777186e3dd168fa8\">distress</span> or discomfort an individual may experience due to a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59dd49e97716927771865a831bfec9\">discrepancy</span> between their assigned gender and gender identity. Surgery may be sought as part of treatment.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Frotteurism</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Involves sexual gratification derived from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ae59957c1692777197359406f6f4\">rubbing</span> one's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1588e9cd72169277718891982853b4\">genitals</span> against another person without their consent.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Exhibitionism</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Involves exposing one's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1588e9cd72169277718891982853b4\">genitals</span> to unsuspecting individuals for sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> or gratification.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the appropriate IPC section for the act of inducing abortion without the consent of the woman ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "312", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "313", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "314", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "315", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 313", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - IPC Section 313\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "All are grounds for divorce except :", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Adultery", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Incurable Leprosy", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Poverty", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Insanity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Poverty", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - Pov\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which test is employed to distinguish human blood from blood of other species among the options provided?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Teichman test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Precipitin test", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Barberio test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Takayama test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Precipitin test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/EpQZQ8qEIupZ6KhXqdKW1715323195.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - P\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the most appropriate term to describe the behavior of a man who consistently derives sexual pleasure from causing physical harm to his partner , often resulting in cuts and burns on their arms ?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Fetishism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sadism", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Masochism", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Sadism", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option C - S\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 37 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "According to the Hindu Marriage Act, of 1955, which of the following is considered a ground for a void marriage?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Impotence", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bigamy", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Unsoundness of mind", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Consent obtained by force", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Bigamy", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:621px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Void Marriage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Voidable Marriage</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Null from the time of inception.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Remains valid until annulled by the court</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Bigamy (entering into another marriage without <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1924dd4c6e169277718654d32a636f\">dissolution</span> of the first).</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Impotence (Option A ruled out)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Prohibited degree of relationship (blood relations), unless permitted by custom.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Unsoundness of mind of either party at the time of marriage (Option C ruled out)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sapinda relationship (relationship extending to 3rd generation in the line of ascent through the mother and 5th generation through the father)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Consent obtained by force, fraud, or misconception of facts (Option D ruled out)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\"> </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pregnancy of the woman by another person, unknown to the husband at the time of marriage</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dJ4AC062TS3zHld3PbBh1737100428.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not considered a ground for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, of 1955?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Change of religion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Cruelty", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Financial disputes", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Virulent leprosy", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Financial disputes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ToRsKu8PNIOqB5GjreAd1737100570.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old woman comes to the clinic with her newborn baby. She explains that her husband passed away six months ago, shortly after she became pregnant. The baby was born healthy, and she is excited to introduce him to the world. What type of child is this?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Atavism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Illegitimate child", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Supposititious child", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Posthumous child", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Posthumous child", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/nGyforBe2J9enEfT58mo1737100687.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old woman arrives at the hospital in labour. During delivery, it is noted that one of her twins is white, while the other is black whereas both the parents are of Caucasian descent. The mother recalls having had intercourse with two different partners within a short timeframe during her ovulation. What phenomenon best explains this situation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Superfetation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Superfecundation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lithopedion", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Fetus Papyraceus", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Superfecundation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ynHsCxT8gKmHpEW2P01h1736159345.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qhqhhZgu032A2oj9sMdZ1735896066.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Superfecundation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Superfetation</strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>This refers to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2a8e411e2116927772022dd4b365bc\">fertilization</span> of two <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"53c2b1ed0f1692777194d5ef066e39\">ova</span> released from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b1a7ff355169277719401475de6fb\">ovary</span> during the <strong>same <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"264a9eb50d1692777194427a13247b\">ovulation</span> cycle</strong>, occurring through two separate acts of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> at short intervals.</li>\n<li>The term also describes cases where two different males father <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5468e260411692777203f3dee63936\">fraternal</span> twins, known as <strong>heteropaternal superfecundation</strong>. This can result in twins who are half-siblings, exemplified by one baby being white and the other black.</li>\n<li>Medico-legal Aspect: Significant differences in the appearance of the two babies may lead to suspicions of adultery or infidelity.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>This occurs when two <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"53c2b1ed0f1692777194d5ef066e39\">ova</span> are fertilized at <strong>different times during the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"264a9eb50d1692777194427a13247b\">ovulation</span> cycle</strong>, specifically involving the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2a8e411e2116927772022dd4b365bc\">fertilization</span> of a second <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7c1d9800e2169277719426cf66bb68\">ovum</span> in a pregnant woman.</li>\n<li>In this case, one <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">fetus</span> tends to be more developed than the other. They may be born simultaneously, showing different levels of maturation, or at different times, which can range from 1 to 3 months apart.</li>\n<li>The likelihood of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0bed336a771692777199755f5b0b0d\">superfetation</span> is higher in women with a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55f411a4ea1692777198d8f2de73b0\">septate</span> or double uterus.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zWBN7nCvYesLMSgqR5qK1737100845.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32 y/o woman and her partner are having difficulty conceiving due to poor sperm motility. The doctor recommends artificial insemination. Which of the following methods would likely offer the highest success rate for this couple?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Intracervical insemination (ICI)", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Intrauterine insemination (IUI)", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Intratubal insemination", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination (IUTPI)", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Intrauterine insemination (IUI)", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Artificial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b1c5c7438a16927771901f358b0bfd\">Insemination</span> Methods</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Method</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Advantages</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Limitations</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sperm is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6a367ebd0c169277719091155a5b0f\">injected</span> into the uterus.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>High success, minimal pain</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>ICI (Intracervical Insemination) </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Semen is placed in the cervix, which then travels to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c847ca20416927772011b3397c2fd\">uterus</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efc83dab2c1692777202b5d1d06c4f\">fallopian</span> tubes on its own.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Low cost, suitable for various couples</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lower success rate</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p>Not available option for women with thick <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> mucous.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>IUTPI (Intrauterine <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"951388718b16927772016070ab5412\">Tuboperitoneal</span> Insemination) </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sperm <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6a367ebd0c169277719091155a5b0f\">injected</span> into <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efc83dab2c1692777202b5d1d06c4f\">Fallopian</span> tubes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bypasses <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e259c6641e1692777190c1be1c1842\">infertility</span> issues</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>-</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Intratubal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b1c5c7438a16927771901f358b0bfd\">Insemination</span> </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>In this procedure, a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e5d34563e91692777183da2015189e\">catheter</span> goes through the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4ac19545431692777184956c031e64\">cervix</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c847ca20416927772011b3397c2fd\">uterus</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8dc15ef09e1692777198320917e46b\">sperm</span> is <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6a367ebd0c169277719091155a5b0f\">injected</span> only into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"efc83dab2c1692777202b5d1d06c4f\">Fallopian</span> tubes</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Effective for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ab75ea330616927771938a64f8ebd6\">mucus</span> issues</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>More invasive</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IKSJeAnbGASTDo8wCcmV1737276513.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A couple is considering artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID). What legal issue is most likely to arise if the procedure is performed without the husband's consent?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Genetic defects in the child", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Legitimacy and paternity disputes", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Transmission of infectious diseases", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Increased risk of psychological issues in the child", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Legitimacy and paternity disputes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/9wTqTEc1dmrsnlcDKJVv1737276658.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which term refers to the inability to initiate or maintain the sexual arousal pattern in females or an incapacity to achieve orgasm?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Impotence", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Erectile Dysfunction", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Quod", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Frigidity", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Frigidity", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/qpp978yt6PkOXnUF1kvQ1737100265.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the expected result of a Lateral Traction Test in an individual who is not accustomed to anal penetration?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Relaxation and dilation of the anal sphincter up to 4-5 cm", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Reflex constriction of the anal sphincter", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "No response in the anal sphincter", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Complete prolapse of the rectum", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Reflex constriction of the anal sphincter", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/MuNxp6g752B5ABCqcpeJ1746328118.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination (rape kit) concerning victim care?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The examination focuses solely on collecting evidence and does not provide medical treatment.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The examination can help victims access immediate medical care and provide resources for their health needs.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The examination requires all victims to file a police report and then provides resources for their health needs.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The examination is primarily for legal purposes and does not address the psychological well-being of the victim.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The examination can help victims access immediate medical care and provide resources for their health needs.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7bisc9rJbnnHdlWTCzFW1739284416.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old female presents to a clinic with a sore throat and discomfort following a recent sexual encounter. During the examination, the clinician notes abrasions on her mouth and lips. Which sexual act is most likely associated with the injuries observed in this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sodomy", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sin of Gomorrah", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Tribadism", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Bestiality", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Sin of Gomorrah", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Unnatural sexual Acts</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sodomy </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Anal intercourse, historically associated with the town of Sodom.</li>\n<li><strong>Parties Involved</strong>: This can occur between males or between a male and female.</li>\n<li><strong>Legal Aspects</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"14af60d32316927771855b142ca3ca\">Consensual</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39999238f01692777198c4e086d5f3\">sodomy</span> is not punishable; non-consensual acts lead to punishment for the active agent.</li>\n<li><strong>Contexts</strong>: Common in confined environments (e.g., prisons, barracks) where individuals are isolated for long periods.</li>\n<li><strong>Evidence</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27ac5e3413169277719548c1b36288\">Physical examination</span> may show signs like abrasions or relaxed anal muscles in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"94e112a3551692777188225fb50f30\">habitual</span> cases.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sin of Gomorrah (Buccal Coitus)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Oral sexual act involving a male organ in another’s mouth.</li>\n<li><strong>Historical Context</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"047f8930dd1692777197fed61e213c\">Referred</span> to as a \"sin\" in the town of Gomorrah.</li>\n<li><strong>Legal Aspects</strong>: Punishable when performed without consent.</li>\n<li><strong>Physical Evidence</strong>: Possible abrasions or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> marks on the penis; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"613e5acf29169277719839af208a78\">semen</span> in the victim's mouth may be detected up to nine hours after the act.</li>\n<li><strong>Risks</strong>: Potential for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> death if the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"028d70d3e11692777195f204ee2764\">penis</span> blocks the airway.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bestiality </strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Sexual acts between humans and animals, typically involving smaller animals or pets.</li>\n<li><strong>Common Animals</strong>: Includes livestock (e.g., calves, sheep) and household <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"04316328241692777195a837abbae8\">pets</span> (e.g., dogs, cats).</li>\n<li><strong>Physical Evidence</strong>: Animal hair or secretions on the person, and human <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8dc15ef09e1692777198320917e46b\">sperm</span> or injuries in the animal’s <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e919a208b16927771885d9c1f6662\">genital</span> area.</li>\n<li><strong>Associated Beliefs</strong>: Sometimes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d0fca798b1692777191b6cd41880f\">linked</span> to superstitions, like the idea of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f151fbf4bb1692777185f1ccac267f\">curing</span> certain diseases through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> with animals.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tribadism (Female Homosexuality)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition</strong>: Sexual activity between women for mutual gratification, also known as lesbianism.</li>\n<li><strong>Common Acts</strong>: Includes kissing, body contact, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e919a208b16927771885d9c1f6662\">genital</span> apposition, and use of objects for stimulation.</li>\n<li><strong>Historical Context</strong>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8d0fca798b1692777191b6cd41880f\">Linked</span> to the Isle of Lesbos and sometimes called “Sapphism.”</li>\n<li><strong>Social Dynamics</strong>: This can lead to intense emotional connections, and historically noted cases include jealousy and possessiveness among partners.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/t9nvMzyga0IK4tMl96m61739284196.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 10-year-old boy exhibits extreme jealousy toward his mother’s close relationship with her new partner, showing signs of distress when she pays attention to anyone else. What psychological complex might this behaviour suggest?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pharaoh Complex", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Electra Complex", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Oedipus Complex", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Narcissistic Complex", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Oedipus Complex", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Oedipus Complex</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Electra Complex</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pharaoh Complex</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to a son’s sexual desire for his mother.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to a daughter’s sexual desire for her father. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Refers to a brother’s sexual desire for his sister. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/YvjdObiuuHUuVyGkwx0L1738983802.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following methods of violence is most likely to directly injure the uterus and cause membrane rupture?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Inserting foreign objects like knitting needles", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Strenuous activities like horse riding", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Using pastes with toxic ingredients", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Injecting fluids into the uterus with a syringe", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Inserting foreign objects like knitting needles", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methods of Violence in Criminal Abortion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>General Violence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Local Violence</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><u>Abdominal Pressure</u>: Applying force to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ac388c59831692777180f5a8e12913\">abdomen</span> (kicking, kneeling, tight bandages, etc.) aiming to cause injury.</li>\n<li><u>Strenuous Activities:</u> Engaging in extreme physical activities like horse riding, jumping, or falling to induce trauma. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><u>Cupping</u>: Using heated cups on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ac388c59831692777180f5a8e12913\">abdomen</span> to create suction, possibly separating the placenta.</li>\n<li><u>Temperature Extremes</u>: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1b5a7ceea716927771815e7283e571\">Alternating</span> between hot and cold baths, aiming to shock the system.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><u>Syringing</u>: Injecting harmful fluids (like soap or chemicals) into the uterus, risking infection and air embolism. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><u>Syringe Aspiration</u>: Inserting a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29863704261692777199d30fdfa6fa\">syringe</span> into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4ac19545431692777184956c031e64\">cervix</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a246c8382816927771821a267ea486\">aspirate</span> the gestational sac, leading to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"831d67ad8a1692777182763ca62e4b\">aspiration</span> and expulsion of contents.</li>\n<li><strong><u>Membrane Rupture</u></strong><strong>: Using sharp objects (knitting needles, pencils) to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9af4bb5919169277719688aaf3f8e7\">puncture</span> the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c0fb943ce16927771815ddeb9824d\">amniotic</span> sac,</strong><strong> risking haemorrhage and infection. </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li><u>Abortion Stick</u>: Inserting sticks soaked in irritants (like calotropis) to cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">uterine</span> contractions.</li>\n<li><u>Cervical Dilation</u>: Forcing open the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4ac19545431692777184956c031e64\">cervix</span> with objects to cause contractions.</li>\n<li><u>Air Insufflation</u>: Pumping air into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c847ca20416927772011b3397c2fd\">uterus</span> to detach the foetus, risking air embolism.</li>\n<li><u>Electric Curren</u>t: Using electrical current on the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4ac19545431692777184956c031e64\">cervix</span> to induce contractions content expulsion.</li>\n<li><u>Toxic Pastes</u>: Injecting harmful pastes into the uterus, leads to tissue damage like <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e84a7987c16927771931012aced83\">necrosis</span> and infection. <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Causes of Death in Criminal Abortion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Immediate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Delayed</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Vagal Inhibition</li>\n<li>Air Embolism</li>\n<li>Fat Embolism</li>\n<li>Haemorrhage</li>\n<li>Amniotic Fluid Embolism</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Septicaemia</li>\n<li>Generalised Peritonitis</li>\n<li>Tetanus</li>\n<li>Local infection</li>\n<li>Toxemia</li>\n<li>Pyaemia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GoIzqbEKkKES6ilbO7OU1738983624.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following drugs is known for being an emmenagogue used in criminal abortions?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Lead", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Quinine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Savin", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Cantharides", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Savin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:416px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Abortifacient Drugs</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abortifacient drugs are substances used in illegal abortions, posing severe health risks to women and potentially leading to death. Dosages and administration are often handled by unqualified individuals, increasing complications.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanisms of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ecbolics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Stimulate <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">uterine</span> contractions to expel the fetus.</p>\n<p>Examples: Ergot, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09cfb89f8b1692777189f174c5ef25\">Hydrastis</span> canadensis, quinine, lead, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b775f0c475169277719593c573f6ff\">pituitary</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"387ff6837a16927771876363756d5a\">extract</span> - oxytocin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"61fbe2173416927771998e7aa0b432\">synthetic</span> estrogens. <strong>(Option A and B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Emmenagogues</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Increase <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a03cad6c616927771925038b55989\">menstrual</span> flow</strong>, potentially causing abortion in high doses.</p>\n<p>Examples: <strong>Savin</strong>, borax, apiol, rue.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Irritants</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cause <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"20f478f55f1692777197e351415f8f\">reflex</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">uterine</span> contractions through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b3a647ce2516927771881427f56c1d\">gastrointestinal</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2fd33fb2ac16927771889901daadeb\">genitourinary</span> irritation.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>GIT Irritants: Strong laxatives like calomel, castor oil and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> cathartics.</li>\n<li>Genitourinary Irritants: Oils like pennyroyal, tansy and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> permanganate, which can cause severe damage.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Systemic Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Induces abortion through toxic effects on the body.</p>\n<p>Examples: Lead, copper, iron, and certain organic irritants like cantharides, and unripe papaya. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/JuDLHoLdFrgycmacPiND1746329089.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which section of the BNS involves life imprisonment for causing a miscarriage without the woman’s consent?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "88", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "89", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "90", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "91", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 89", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Criminal Abortion - Legal Aspects</strong></h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>BNS</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>IPC Section</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Indian Penal Code, 1860)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>88</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>312</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Voluntary criminal abortion by anyone, including the pregnant woman, can lead to up to 3 years imprisonment and/or fine.</p>\n<p>If the woman is \"quick with child\" (fetal movement felt), the punishment can extend up to 7 years and a fine.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>89</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>313</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causing a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"423516578d1692777192412d27cc61\">miscarriage</span> without the woman’s consent is punishable by life imprisonment or up to 10 years in prison, with a fine.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>90</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>314</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>If a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"423516578d1692777192412d27cc61\">miscarriage</span> attempt leads to the woman’s death, the responsible person faces up to 10 years in prison and a fine.</p>\n<p>If done without her consent, the punishment can be life imprisonment or up to 10 years.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>91</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>315</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Actions to prevent a child from being born alive or causing death after birth can result in up to 10 years imprisonment, fine, or both.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>92</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>316</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Causing the death of a \"quick unborn child\" (after <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> movement) is considered culpable homicide, punishable by up to 10 years imprisonment and a fine.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7qe08whGEPQ9bP3wqRvr1738983350.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is an indication for pregnancy termination under the eugenic grounds of the MTP Act?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cardiac disease", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Intractable hyperemesis gravidarum", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Exposure to teratogenic drugs", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rape", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Exposure to teratogenic drugs", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Indications for MTP</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Therapeutic</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Options A and B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pregnancy that endangers the woman's life or may cause severe physical/mental injury (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> disease, hypertension, epilepsy, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97bb95941c169277719084f48d2547\">intractable</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"82dc97494b1692777189e077dc94f9\">hyperemesis</span> gravidarum, breast/ <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> cancer).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Eugenic</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Risk of serious physical or mental abnormalities in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">fetus</span> (e.g., exposure to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e016cf2891692777200f428d4b4db\">teratogenic</span> drugs, infections like rubella, structural abnormalities like anencephaly).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Socio-economic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unplanned pregnancies in low socio-economic conditions or failure of contraception.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Humanitarian</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pregnancy resulting from rape.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/NlYQ903pQUQBuck7EDgp1738983221.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is classified as an induced abortion performed to protect the mother's life?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Criminal Abortion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Legal Abortion", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Spontaneous Abortion", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Septic Abortion", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Legal Abortion", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h3><strong>Abortion</strong></h3>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medical Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abortion is the expulsion of an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30bf2366951692777187735fffe4b4\">embryo</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"421fecf0e21692777202704942ac48\">fetus</span> weighing 500g or less, which is not capable of surviving independently. This typically corresponds to 22 weeks of gestation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Legal Definition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Abortion is the expulsion of the products of conception from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0c847ca20416927772011b3397c2fd\">uterus</span> at any period before full term.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Types of Abortion</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Natural/ <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f71e485d131692777199151d1076d2\">Spontaneous</span> Abortion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs without external <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f447020b9616927771904d1c923d80\">induction</span> and often coincides with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3a03cad6c616927771925038b55989\">menstrual</span> flow. <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p>It is most common in the first <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2c20f0f1dd169277720029d29458d5\">trimester</span> of pregnancy.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Artificial/Induced Abortion:</strong></p>\n<p>Willful <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a35c217ec416927772009a7f3b20f4\">termination</span> of pregnancy before <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> viability.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Legal/ Justifiable Abortion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Performed to protect the life or health of the mother and follows the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eb06d1383216927771938c9eadb451\">MTP</span> Act. <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n<p>Complications increase with gestational age, with higher rates in mid-trimester abortions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Criminal/ Illegal Abortion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Induced unlawfully, often before the third month, with a high risk of complications such as infection and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">uterine</span> injury. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p>Complications include hemorrhagic shock, septicemia, and secondary infertility.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ujCcafZjfAO0b2syhvbC1738983078.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A woman presents with amenorrhea, breast tenderness, and morning sickness. Which category of pregnancy signs do these symptoms belong to?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Presumptive", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Probable", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Positive", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Diagnostic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Presumptive", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Pregnancy Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Presumptive Signs </strong></h4>\n<h4><strong>(Option A)</strong></h4>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Probable Signs</strong></h4>\n<p><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<h4><strong>Positive Signs </strong></h4>\n<p><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Amenorrhea</li>\n<li>Breast Changes: Tenderness, enlargement, darkened nipples, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ede4ce107b16927771843dd6f48771\">colostrum</span> secretion.</li>\n<li>Morning Sickness</li>\n<li>Quickening: First <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">fetal</span> movements felt around 16-18 weeks.</li>\n<li>Pigmentation Changes</li>\n<li>Chadwick's Sign: Bluish colour of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"31ae8f4dc51692777193069d92be37\">mucosa</span> by the 8th week.</li>\n<li>Increased urination</li>\n<li>Fatigue</li>\n<li>Mood/Body Changes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal Enlargement</li>\n<li>Hegar's Sign: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f469f168b3169277719839870c0ce5\">Softening</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">uterine</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"290782db561692777190e9766fc8ae\">isthmus</span> (6-10 weeks).</li>\n<li>Goodell's Sign: Softened <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4ac19545431692777184956c031e64\">cervix</span> by 6th week.</li>\n<li>Palmer’s Sign: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">Uterine</span> contractions felt early (4-8 weeks).</li>\n<li>Piskacek's Sign: Asymmetrical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59ff8b38191692777201150e72ebc3\">uterine</span> enlargement.</li>\n<li>Ballottement: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">Fetal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a4812dcf9b169277719756aaf48b7c\">rebound</span> during an exam by 4-5 months.</li>\n<li>Immunological Pregnancy Tests: Detect <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"40c2e3a3911692777188ff9957c2ef\">hCG</span> in urine/serum.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fetal Heart Sounds: Heard via <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8bc0c717851692777199eba94745dd\">stethoscope</span> by 18-20 weeks.</li>\n<li>Fetal Movements: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bd478e4ff816927771949528846af9\">Palpable</span> by 20-22 weeks.</li>\n<li>Ultrasound: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">Fetal</span> visualisation from 4-5 weeks.</li>\n<li>Radiographic Imaging: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f375a3584316927772020efa386e3e\">Fetal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"70f596ae8f16927771983211d9e56f\">skeleton</span> visible from 16 weeks.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/mONcbNr5hs2ukA9HJo171746329522.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following features distinguishes a fimbriated hymen from a torn hymen due to trauma?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Asymmetrical notches", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Posterior location of notches", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mucous membrane covering intact notches", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Extension of notches to the vaginal wall", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Mucous membrane covering intact notches", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:NaN\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hymen Tear</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fimbriated Hymen</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Often, it results from sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> or trauma.</li>\n<li>It can be associated with injuries to surrounding areas, such as the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ea5dd28db71692777195ee64c2f690\">perineum</span> and labia.</li>\n<li>Usually occurs at the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> edges of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> and extends into the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> wall.</li>\n<li>Traumatic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> may not have <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> covering and can be located posteriorly. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Characterised by a wavy or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"863f5457381692777190f05632a8b2\">irregular</span> border with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d963da62eb16927771993737a99c7c\">symmetrical</span> notches. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Notches are typically found anteriorly and do not penetrate the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> wall. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34cd707428169277719272942b7905\">membrane</span> remains intact around natural notches.</strong></li>\n<li>It requires careful examination to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c9001edbf216927771860f3475b44c\">differentiate</span> it from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18034e0517169277720002aaa66d36\">traumatic</span> tears.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8LAfeXzuApfzNohLJU1D1738982811.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A medical student is studying the anatomical variations of the hymen. Which of the following statements regarding hymen types and their implications is true?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A single central opening characterises a septate hymen.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The cribriform hymen features multiple small openings in the membrane.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "An infantile hymen typically has multiple small openings.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The annular hymen typically have two side-by-side openings.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The cribriform hymen features multiple small openings in the membrane.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/X1GriJ2bmB4c9Km0kfZX1736159487.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/z2LI2bJFY536gbEk3Ei11735895715.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tQehNcxXQIbbwAVO0dLz1735895765.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/sF2duW12yPdUeOiVkMn21735895817.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Kgnol4SAMuCmKzpFHhJ91735895862.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/xZTy1NSzBjw8L1p5P27T1735895924.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:370px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Annular </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Hegazy, Abdelmonem &amp; Al-Rukban, Mohammed. (2012). Hymen: Facts and conceptions. heHealth. 3. 109-115. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Normal-anatomy-of-vulva-and-variations-in-the-hymenal-appearance_fig1_260578888\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/X1GriJ2bmB4c9Km0kfZX1736159487.png\" width=\"4002\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Centrally located opening <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Semilunar </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Hegazy, Abdelmonem &amp; Al-Rukban, Mohammed. (2012). Hymen: Facts and conceptions. heHealth. 3. 109-115. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Normal-anatomy-of-vulva-and-variations-in-the-hymenal-appearance_fig1_260578888\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"637\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/z2LI2bJFY536gbEk3Ei11735895715.png\" width=\"603\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Anteriorly located opening</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Infantile </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Gautam Biswas\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC-BY-SA-4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Types_of_Hymen.png\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"634\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/tQehNcxXQIbbwAVO0dLz1735895765.png\" width=\"679\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d02067c4b51692777191b8eec8b062\">linear</span> central opening <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Septate </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Hegazy, Abdelmonem &amp; Al-Rukban, Mohammed. (2012). Hymen: Facts and conceptions. heHealth. 3. 109-115. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Normal-anatomy-of-vulva-and-variations-in-the-hymenal-appearance_fig1_260578888\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"631\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/sF2duW12yPdUeOiVkMn21735895817.png\" width=\"592\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Two side-by-side openings <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cribriform </strong></p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Hegazy, Abdelmonem &amp; Al-Rukban, Mohammed. (2012). Hymen: Facts and conceptions. heHealth. 3. 109-115. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Normal-anatomy-of-vulva-and-variations-in-the-hymenal-appearance_fig1_260578888\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"637\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/Kgnol4SAMuCmKzpFHhJ91735895862.png\" width=\"657\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Multiple openings <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Vertical</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Vertical orientation of the opening</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Imperforate </strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Budinurdjaja, Pribakti &amp; Nizomy, Ihya &amp; Lahdimawan, Inas. (2021). Spontaneous Pregnancy in Postoperative Microperforated Hymen: A Case Report. Berkala Kedokteran. 17. 79. 10.20527/jbk.v17i1.10270. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Normal-anatomical-variation-of-the-hymen-A-Normal-B-Imperforate-C_fig2_357334183\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"633\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/xZTy1NSzBjw8L1p5P27T1735895924.png\" width=\"345\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No opening present</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:525px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Sexual Intercourse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The most common cause of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48e698ca3f16927771896b24ddaad9\">hymen</span> rupture.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Masturbation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>The use of large objects can cause a rupture.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Accidents</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Falls onto sharp objects may lead to a rupture.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Medical Procedures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gynaecological exams or surgeries can cause a rupture.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Foreign Body Insertion</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Possible in cases of abuse or forced sexual activity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Use of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"601fb1538a16927771987048f6e712\">Sanitary</span> Tampons</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tampon usage may contribute to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48e698ca3f16927771896b24ddaad9\">hymen</span> rupture.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/40CjjC1x1ngQ64Ov2YI81746329653.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 24 y/o woman is anxious about societal perceptions of her virginity after her first sexual experience. Which of the following statements is true regarding virginity and defloration?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Virginity can be medically assessed by examining the hymen.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Defloration is solely marked by the hymen's rupture during first intercourse.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Virginity is a social construct that varies across cultures.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "False virgins always present with small and firm breasts.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Virginity is a social construct that varies across cultures.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>True Virgin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>False Virgin</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Genital Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Intact, rigid, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4d1bbbd44d1692777190476c70c690\">inelastic</span> hymen; admits only a fingertip, causing pain.</li>\n<li>Thick, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"384d0cc3641692777202e927a4d222\">fleshy</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora that close the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> orifice; small, pink <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> minora covered by <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora.</li>\n<li>Narrow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8537d8358c169277720162f2f6971b\">vagina</span> with prominent rugae; full finger cannot be admitted.</li>\n<li>Present <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30a1ba21881692777203de4e7b8537\">fossa</span> navicularis, intact fourchette, narrow vestibule, small clitoris, intact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> commissure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Intact <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"48e698ca3f16927771896b24ddaad9\">hymen</span> that may be loose, elastic, or thick; admits two fingers easily.</li>\n<li>Less <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"384d0cc3641692777202e927a4d222\">fleshy</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> majora; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1aca482e7e169277719443d10dbe5f\">orifice</span> may be visible; enlarged, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"85dafbf32f1692777195b9d9f035d8\">pigmented</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"99041e636a169277719121835ed133\">labia</span> minora.</li>\n<li>Roomy <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8537d8358c169277720162f2f6971b\">vagina</span> with less prominent rugae; full finger can be admitted.</li>\n<li>Disappearance of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30a1ba21881692777203de4e7b8537\">fossa</span> navicularis; torn and healed fourchette; wider vestibule; enlarged clitoris; possibly torn <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> commissure. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Extra-Genital Signs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small, hemispherical, firm breasts; pink areola.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Larger, pendulous, flabby breasts; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"85dafbf32f1692777195b9d9f035d8\">pigmented</span> areola.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/kCxUXrxCsKYaa8DDS8qY1738982255.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not a feature of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines on surrogacy?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The surrogate mother must be under 45 years of age.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The ART clinic is allowed to advertise for surrogate mothers.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Surrogacy should only be considered for those physically or medically unable to carry a child.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A woman can be a surrogate mother up to three times in her lifetime.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The ART clinic is allowed to advertise for surrogate mothers.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZVkoLRmz690e9AbSD4Cm1738982156.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 31 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A 30-year-old military officer suffered a burn to his back from the mishandling of hand grenades. He presents to the emergency department with severe pain, blistering, and a garlicky odor coming from the burn site as shown below. which of the following is inconsistent with it?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Phosphorescent vomit", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Kidney failure", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hypertrophy of the liver", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Full-thickness burn", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hypertrophy of the liver", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/kZ1pG2ucyKDpbel3NjVy1735873754.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Stage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>First Stage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Burning pain in throat, stomach, and abdomen</li>\n<li>Nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea</li>\n<li>Onset: 1-2 days post-poisoning</li>\n<li>Fatty changes or liver failure</li>\n<li>Yellow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"97ff5253fb169277718224c7b0faf8\">atrophy</span> of the liver</li>\n<li>Painful <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55b31d659b16927771958a15837b10\">penetrating</span> burns (2nd and 3rd degree)\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>painful, necrotic, and yellowish with a characteristic smell of garlic</li>\n<li>Commonly full-thickness burns, result from chemical and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e316517c941692777200eb2671128d\">thermal</span> insults. <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Garlicky <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad1552dd561692777194d3a54eede2\">odor</span> in breath and excreta</li>\n<li><strong>Luminous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f789a76331692777202a90df3adb4\">feces</span> (diagnostic) </strong><strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Smoking <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44335bb8bf1692777199a956cb31bf\">stool</span> syndrome (white faint fumes from stool).</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Second Stage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Asymptomatic period</li>\n<li>Duration: 3-4 days.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Third Stage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Multi-organ failure</li>\n<li>Liver and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8790b4667016927771979066e8958c\">RBC</span> involvement</li>\n<li>Flapping <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bb6d2476421692777200c2af1ac0c8\">tremor</span> (Asterixis)</li>\n<li>Kidney failure <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Jaundice</li>\n<li>Encephalopathy</li>\n<li>Systemic involvement.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/iI4OpEuVk9ReclIm8dL41740763636.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A police officer is accused of sexually assaulting a child under the age of 12. The case is prosecuted under the POCSO Act. According to POCSO 2019, what is the potential punishment for the officer if convicted?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "20 years to the death penalty", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "10 years to life imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "5 years to 10 years imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Life imprisonment without parole", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. 20 years to the death penalty", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>1. Number of Offenders</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Two or more offenders</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>2. Relationship to Victim</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Relatives of the child</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>3. Age of Child</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Child aged &lt; 12 years</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>4. Authority Figures</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Armed forces personnel</li>\n<li>Insane/institutionalized children</li>\n<li>Trusted individuals or those in authority</li>\n<li>Police officers</li>\n<li>Public servants</li>\n<li>Jail/remand home/protection home staff</li>\n<li>Hospital staff</li>\n<li>The staff of educational or religious institutions</li>\n<li>Gang members</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>5. Use of Weapons or Violence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Using deadly weapons</li>\n<li>Causing grievous hurt</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>6. Impact on Victim</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Making the child mentally ill, pregnant, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fa9d83d3d41692777189a8b393dd60\">HIV</span> positive</li>\n<li>Acts against disabled or pregnant children</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>7. Additional Circumstances</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>With intent to murder</li>\n<li>During communal violence</li>\n<li>Repeated acts by a guardian on the same child</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Legislation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Punishment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Additional Grounds for Aggravation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>POCSO 2012</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>10 years to life imprisonment</li>\n<li>Plus a fine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>N/A</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>POCSO 2019</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>20 years to the death penalty</li>\n<li>Plus a fine</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Assault resulting in the death of a child</li>\n<li>During a natural calamity</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/KLVd6aMpseHaLGH76IcT1746886514.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "When a patient is already dead upon arrival at the hospital, which of the following actions is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Only Death Report Form 2 is sent", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "A post-mortem is necessary in this case", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The doctor informs the police", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The doctor fills out MCCD Form 4A", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. The doctor fills out MCCD Form 4A", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Process</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Forms Involved</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>1. MCCD (Form 4A)</p>\n<p>2. Death Report (Form 2)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Recipient</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Registrar or Sub-Registrar of the state government</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Timeframe for Issuance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>A death certificate must be issued within 21 days</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>If the patient is already dead upon arrival at a hospital</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Only <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">Form</span> 2 is sent <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Form 4A is not used.</li>\n<li>The doctor informs the police <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li>A post-mortem is conducted to determine the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>This is classified as a medico-legal case.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cq9QRz001CeTjRWGSdbe1746886420.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Under the Registration of Birth and Death Act, 10(3), who is obligated to certify the cause of death when a patient passes away after being attended by a medical practitioner?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Any licensed healthcare provider who saw the patient", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "RMP who attended the patient’s last illness", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "A medical officer appointed by the government", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A registered nurse who provided care", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. RMP who attended the patient’s last illness", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Aspect</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>RBD ACT-10(3)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Section 174(3) CrPC</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Scope</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Registration of Birth and Death Act</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Police Inquest</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Applicability</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Obligatory for Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP) who attended the patient's last illness</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Applicable when the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"254dc5106d1692777183ba9ab1b3e5\">cause of death</span> is unclear</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Fee for Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>No fee charged</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>N/A</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Certification</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Cause of death provided instantly by RMP</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Police refer to a doctor for postmortem</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Certified by RMP</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Identified through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> if needed</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Nt4oTAVWvvqv8r8l8ZpA1740764991.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 70-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus develops a foot ulcer that becomes infected. Despite treatment, the infection worsens, leading to gangrene of the affected foot. He is later admitted to the hospital with septicemia and unfortunately succumbs to the illness. What is the antecedent cause of death in this scenario?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Diabetes mellitus", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Gangrene", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Septicemia", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Foot ulcer", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Gangrene", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Details/Examples</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Doctor's Duty</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>To diagnose the person as dead, declare death, conclude and certify cause of death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Underlying/Primary Cause:</strong> Disease or injury that initiated events (e.g., Diabetes mellitus)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Antecedent/Intermediate Cause: </strong>Occurs between primary and immediate causes (e.g., Gangrene)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Immediate Cause: </strong>Final <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8a6b09beac1692777184b08a2b5766\">complication</span> due to disease or injury (e.g., Septicemia)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Example Pathway</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Diabetes mellitus (Primary cause) → <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"741c89cb18169277718889cfaafa53\">Gangrene</span> (Intermediate cause) → <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"afd363657e16927771982285d861d6\">Septicemia</span> (Immediate cause)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Mortality Statistics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Underlying/Primary cause written in mortality statistics (e.g., Diabetes mellitus)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Contributory Conditions (Part II)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Conditions not related to the disease but contributed to death (e.g., Smoking, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cc2003e35d1692777184a26dae1a68\">Chronic obstructive <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> disease</span> (COPD), Diabetes mellitus)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Example <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3aa5abc2fa169277719488e088076d\">Pathway</span> (Part I)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>I<strong>mmediate Cause:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e73553a3a5169277719787fd5f4680\">Rupture</span> of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c64e23ddb8169277719344010b3fc0\">myocardium</span> →<strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"401e45366416927771815b9706c778\">Antecedent</span> Cause:</strong> Myocardial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77aed446d2169277719007f42bf052\">infarction</span> →<strong> Underlying Cause: </strong>Coronary <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a66cd3adaa1692777182e77cb23021\">artery</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e745919391692777200fae21b7251\">thrombosis</span> → Atherosclerosis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZeuZvIgrz0pasC1RSZIP1740764855.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements regarding the Human Organ Transplantation Act (HOTA) is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Authorized by any donor above 18 years of sound mind", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The most common donated organ is kidney", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The most common donated tissue is skin", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Commercial dealing in organs can result in imprisonment for up to 5 years.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The most common donated tissue is skin", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Removal, storage, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ee9f07b0a81692777200e416e4e5d7\">transplantation</span> of human organs and tissues</li>\n<li>Prevention of commercial dealing.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Definition of Human Organ</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Any part of the human body that cannot be replicated if removed</li>\n<li>Requires declaration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4004f1f7241692777183d200f866da\">brainstem</span> death by authorized doctors.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Declaration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2fd6b3cdf516927771836603ca8c63\">Brain stem</span> death by</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Treating doctor,</li>\n<li>In-charge doctor,</li>\n<li>Neurologist or neurosurgeon,</li>\n<li>Intensivist, anesthetist, physician,</li>\n<li>Independent specialist authorized by the government.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Types of Donation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Living Donation:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Near relatives (parents, children, siblings, grandparents, grandchildren)</li>\n<li>Non-relatives (requires prior approval)</li>\n<li>Swap transplantation.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Cadaveric Donation:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Authorized by any donor above 18 years of sound mind <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Will must be written before death in the presence of two witnesses</li>\n<li>If no will is written then the consent is given by the one who has the legal possession of the body.</li>\n<li>Unknown/Unclaimed dead body for more than 48 hours, consent is given by a doctor or in-charge doctor of the hospital.</li>\n<li>Medicolegal cases need <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f0b5c46ede1692777182013e65115b\">autopsy</span> surgeon approval.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Most Commonly Donated Organs</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Kidney &gt; Liver &gt; Heart <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Other organs are the liver, thymus, intestine, lungs, and pancreas.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Most Commonly Donated Tissues</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Cornea &gt; Bone &gt; Tendon</li>\n<li>Other tissues are the cartilage, middle ear, veins, heart valves, skin, tendons, and ligaments.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Solution name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Key components</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Preservation duration</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Primary uses</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>University of Wisconsin (UW)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(</strong>Most common<strong>)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Raffinose, lactobionate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Up to 48 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Abdominal organs</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Collins Solution </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>High-potassium or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a621be29da16927771901bc91014d1\">intracellular</span> solution</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Less than 6 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Kidneys, heart, liver, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> patches</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>HTK Solution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Histidine hydrochloride, low potassium</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>12 to 18 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Hepatic grafts</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Celsior Solution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lactobionate, mannitol, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> glutathione</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>4 to 5 hours</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Clinical heart preservation</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ygW5TtXzVDsRrl7k5KSv1740764716.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "In the case of children in conflict with the law, the Juvenile Justice Board consists of three members. Which of the following statements about the Board’s composition is correct?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "All members must be magistrates", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The Board must include a female social worker", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The Board must include a judge from the Supreme Court", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Only two members are necessary to form the Board", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The Board must include a female social worker", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/SFUU4vSyJHY6ad78DQi51740764610.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A sewer worker is brought to the emergency department after collapsing inside a sewage tank. He has respiratory failure, mydriasis, confusion, and a characteristic rotten egg odor. Which of the following is not useful in treating this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sodium thiosulfate", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sodium nitrite", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Amyl nitrite", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "High-flow oxygen", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Sodium thiosulfate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hydrogen sulphide</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Colorless gas, <strong>“rotten egg” odor</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sources</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Decay of organic sulfur-containing products</strong> such as fish, manure, sewage, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39f67d7dde16927771985d3952058d\">septic</span> tank contents</li>\n<li>Exposure while cleaning out sewers</li>\n<li>Industrial sources- paper mills, leather industry, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"784bd236b21692777195bf9eb52a33\">petroleum</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fbcb9cf2be16927771862c3ab87da2\">distillation</span> and refining</li>\n<li>Natural sources—volcanoes, caves, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"978b9c4c1a1692777199fc90ace6a5\">sulfur</span> springs</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> oxidase- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a249eeb5551692777189661d39c1b2\">hypoxia</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4880fc99551692777181e25a64560f\">anaerobic</span> metabolism</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Respiratory arrest</li>\n<li>Mydriasis, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b72f5e96b16927772018dec8a87e2\">urinary</span> retention, seizures, tremor, hallucinations, confusion, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1fb96fd2416927771830dfed40e14\">cardiac</span> arrhythmias</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>High-flow oxygen </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Antidote:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Amyl nitrite<strong> (Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8866b36aa016927771938ffb10b429\">nitrite</span> <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7e95d7fc4169277720098ae4b326f\">thiosulfate</span> is not useful <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Greenish discoloration of grey matter of the brain, viscera, and bronchial secretions</li>\n<li><strong>Characteristic rotten egg smell</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ALSKwExLkJs9TydwFCDm1740765434.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 38-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after collapsing in a closed warehouse where he was working with industrial chemicals. Upon arrival, the patient is unconscious with a blood pressure of 80/40 mmHg, rapid breathing, and oxygen saturation of 95% on room air. His skin is noted to have a flushed, \"brick-red\" discoloration. ABG analysis shows severe metabolic acidosis with a pH of 7.05 and elevated lactate levels. The patient's coworkers reported a strong odor of burning plastic in the warehouse at the time of the incident. Lee-Jones test confirms the diagnosis. The medical team prepares to administer the antidote. Which of the following treatments is incorrect for this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Inhalation of Amyl nitrite", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hyperbaric oxygen", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Intravenous Methylene blue", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Intravenous Methylene blue", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gaseous state- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"11f7bcb8da16927771898e93932195\">Hydrogen</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> (HCN)</li>\n<li>Liquid form- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ed92a2be6e1692777189f821a720bd\">Hydrocyanic acid</span> or Prussic acid</li>\n<li>Solid state- salt forms</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sources of poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electroplating</strong>, <strong>photographic</strong> processes, rubber, and plastic manufacturing industries</li>\n<li>Insecticide and rodenticide</li>\n<li>Drug toxicity: Sodium nitroprusside</li>\n<li>Military chemical warfare agents</li>\n<li><strong>Burning of plastic furniture, silk, or wool</strong></li>\n<li>Cigarette smoking</li>\n<li><strong>Bitter almonds, peach, apricot, plum, apple, pear, cassava</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Rapid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5fcb9396d1169277718069dd7fa788\">absorption</span> across both skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membrane</li>\n<li>Cyanide salts combine with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6cd3307e0169277718936624365e5\">hydrochloric acid</span> in the stomach to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> HCN that is absorbed</li>\n<li><strong>Inhibition of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a14dfa14e1692777194882f818d87\">oxidase</span> </strong>causes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c1068c4ed16927771892ed05b11d6\">histotoxic</span> anoxia</li>\n<li><strong>Neurotoxicity</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Inhalation: Dizziness, vertigo, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4880e9b3761692777185e64eba797c\">constriction</span> of the throat</li>\n<li>Ingestion: Nausea, headache, loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> power, hypotension, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e2b5f013011692777183ea1b11ed9c\">cardiovascular</span> failure, and convulsion</li>\n<li><strong>Skin: Brick-red color of skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membranes</strong></li>\n<li>Anion gap <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6caf3a39f416927771807e122b9032\">acidosis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b82539c9ae1692777191a3f7ddd7bb\">lactic</span> acidosis</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Lee-Jones test</li>\n<li>Serum <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> level</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Severe <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6caf3a39f416927771807e122b9032\">acidosis</span> (pH &lt; 7.1): Administer sodium bicarbonate</li>\n<li>Antidotal therapy<strong> (Eli Lilly <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> kit approach)</strong>\n<ul>\n<li>First step: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">Inhalation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5406cdc5f9169277718107b60b7619\">Amyl</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8866b36aa016927771938ffb10b429\">nitrite</span> <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Second step: Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8866b36aa016927771938ffb10b429\">nitrite</span> (3% solution) IV</li>\n<li>Third step: Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7e95d7fc4169277720098ae4b326f\">thiosulfate</span> (25% solution) IV</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Other Antidotes\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>4-dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP)</li>\n<li>Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12): Combines with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a1b06f401f1692777203a53393ba98\">form</span> cyanocobalamin, which is excreted in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li>Hyperbaric oxygen <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Note: <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> blue is NOT an <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> and must NOT be used <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bitter almond’s odour</strong><strong> </strong></li>\n<li><strong>Brick-red color of skin and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"26080f047a169277719334625cadef\">mucous</span> membranes </strong><strong> </strong></li>\n<li><strong>Cyanosis of extremities </strong><strong> </strong></li>\n<li>Hemorrhagic gastritis</li>\n<li>Disseminated <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> in brain, meninges, pleura, lungs, and pericardium</li>\n<li>Pulmonary and cerebral edema</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 50-year-old woman is found dead in her apartment after a fire broke out in her house building. At autopsy, her skin and mucosal membranes are noted to have a cherry red discoloration, and there are cutaneous bullae on her wrists and calves. What is the most likely cause of these findings?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cyanide poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Thermal burns from the fire", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Severe dehydration", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Carbon monoxide poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carbon Monoxide</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Odourless, colorless, non-irritating gas, lighter than air</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sources of Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incomplete <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"260cad33301692777184652a5acd7d\">combustion</span> </strong>of almost of fuel (wood, charcoal, gas, kerosene)</li>\n<li>Automobile exhaust</li>\n<li>Fires: A common cause of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fb7ff97e071692777180252299cf10\">accidental</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> resulting in mass deaths - large building (hotel, theatre, block of flats, etc.) in flames</li>\n<li>Paint remover (especially <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">methylene</span> chloride)</li>\n<li>Tobacco smoke</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> level in plasma</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>1 to 5 %</li>\n<li>7 to 8 % in smokers</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>230 to 270 times greater affinity</strong> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> than oxygen</li>\n<li>Leftward shift of the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fe0bb103fc1692777194ee9f85bd86\">oxyhemoglobin</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"18fb34ab321692777186e9bc95a726\">dissociation</span> curve</li>\n<li>Reduced arterial oxygen content</li>\n<li>Inactivating mitochondrial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29e8e2a5dd16927771855db589c581\">cytochrome</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a14dfa14e1692777194882f818d87\">oxidase</span> - <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12a6f23332169277718402ca6703e2\">cellular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"aea081ceb416927771976e2c17be74\">respiration</span> is interfered</li>\n<li>CO-induced brain injuries are common in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> ganglia, cerebral white matter, hippocampus, and cerebellum.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Depends on the concentration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"44758fcec31692777184e24fa84582\">CO</span> in the blood</li>\n<li>CO exposure during pregnancy is teratogenic</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Carboxyhemoglobin level (COHb) in blood</li>\n<li>Arterial blood gases</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oxygen (100%)</strong> through a tight-fitting mask or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cdccef317a1692777187a7bc217232\">endotracheal</span> tube, until COHb falls to 15 to 20%</li>\n<li><strong>Hyperbaric oxygen:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">Inhalation</span> of oxygen at a pressure greater than 1 atmosphere absolute</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Autopsy Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cherry red (pink) color</strong> of skin, inner aspects of lips, nail beds, tongue, palms and soles</li>\n<li><strong>Cutaneous bullae</strong> (skin blisters) in the calves, buttocks, wrists, and knees</li>\n<li>Cherry pink color of blood and tissues</li>\n<li>Firmer <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"faffdfe705169277720242bf7ee9b5\">white matter</span> of the brain</li>\n<li>Necrosis and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e3d0adac31692777183113e8b2e05\">cavitation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> ganglia</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CO Concentration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical manifestations</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mild</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(COHb &lt; 30%)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, exertional dyspnoea</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Moderate</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(COHb 30 to 40%)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chest pain, blurred vision, confusion, weakness, increasing dyspnoea, tachycardia, tachypnoea, ataxia, severe headache, syncope, flushing, cyanosis, perspiration, decreased vigilance, diminished manual dexterity, impaired <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"068d6642471692777198d89a1be687\">sensorimotor</span> task performance, prolonged reaction time, difficulty thinking, impaired judgment, loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9e2d8a3f5a16927771932c2348ec52\">muscular</span> control, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1e668dc8ba1692777200622a8a97f3\">tinnitus</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2499b2018a16927771978059423918\">roaring</span> in the ears, drowsiness, hallucinations and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e2b5f013011692777183ea1b11ed9c\">cardiovascular</span> toxicity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Severe</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(COHb &gt; 40%)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Trismus, muscle spasms, convulsions, palpitations, disorientation, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc8cac43cc16927772015049bb5ab8\">ventricular</span> dysrhythmias, hypotension, myocardial ischemia, skin blisters, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> edema, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cfad80a0f716927771979aae100f95\">respiratory</span> failure, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"42b110efe11692777190ea5720c867\">involuntary</span> evacuations, coma, collapse, death</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>COHb &gt; 50 - 60 %</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potentially lethal</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GpPwf2xMewAOqO7SNOlD1740764390.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 9-year-old child is found dead after being intentionally neglected by caregivers, showing signs of severe malnutrition and wasting. Autopsy reveals a distended gallbladder and a complete absence of subcutaneous fat. What postmortem finding is least likely to be present in this case of starvation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Brown atrophy of the heart", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Ankle edema", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Enlarged liver", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tissue-paper-like intestinal wall", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Enlarged liver", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/B7Cubbb5tbhDVobLGDKS1740764274.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 55-year-old male worker in the battery industry presents with muscle cramps, Parkinson-like tremors, yellow teeth, and bronchitis. Blood tests show elevated levels of both cadmium and manganese. Urine analysis shows hematuria and proteinuria. Despite removal from exposure, his neurological symptoms worsen. Which treatment option would be particular for neurological symptoms?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Dimercaprol (BAL)", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "CaNa2 EDTA", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "DMSA", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sodium para-aminosalicylic acid", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Sodium para-aminosalicylic acid", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cadmium Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source of poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Battery, welding industries</li>\n<li>Contaminated soil, water, and food</li>\n<li>Smoking</li>\n<li>Most cases of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> result from occupational or industrial exposure</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of Action</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Displacement or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"23707918f51692777199fa1595935e\">substitution</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d87690f321692777183bd9aced605\">cadmium</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"39ecb6e07416927772029550b7e74a\">zinc</span> in critical <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d92cbff33316927771927b4de10a5b\">metabolic</span> processes</li>\n<li>Apoptosis</li>\n<li><strong>Nephrotoxicity</strong>- <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> cortex</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nausea, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"84433cae211692777192a484f539bc\">metallic</span> taste, salivation, vomiting, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> pain, diarrhea, and myalgia</li>\n<li>Sudden muscle cramps- cries out in pain<strong> (Itai-Itai disease, or Ouch-Ouch disease)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p><img alt=\"\" custommeta\"=\"\" data-author=\"Dökmeci, Ayşe &amp; Ongen, Atakan &amp; Dagdeviren,. (2009). Environmental Toxicity of &lt;span class=\" data-dictid=\"0d87690f321692777183bd9aced605\"/>Cadmium and Health Effect. Journal of environmental protection and ecology. 10. 84-93. \" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"https://www.researchgate.net/figure/tai-itai-disease-and-bone-structure_fig3_273123192\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"276\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/QBMRYYvha90kUOj6yHna1735874280.png\" width=\"500\" /&gt;</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bone <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0fb515adbf16927771853319e670ae\">demineralization</span> </strong>with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc9f873eb21692777194d3feb4e68d\">osteomalacia</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c0c247b89916927771948bc5e6d39c\">pathological</span> fractures</li>\n<li><strong>Yellow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">staining</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> (yellow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"17dfb015d2169277720023db8fe9e5\">teeth</span> line)</strong></li>\n<li>Rhinitis and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cc8a35010816927771819ba9cf19d8\">anosmia</span> (due to damage to the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"30cac2b1a216927771941c69ff66a3\">olfactory</span> nerve)</li>\n<li>Renal damage- microhaematuria, <strong>proteinuria</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Acute poisoning\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Chelation with CaNa2 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1c8a257e8316927771860345f762d8\">DMSA</span> </strong><strong>(Options B &amp; C ruled out)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>BAL is contraindicated </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Chronic poisoning\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>No chelating agents</li>\n<li>Removal from exposure and supportive treatment</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Manganese Poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Source of poisoning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Steel, batteries, and firework manufacturing industries</li>\n<li>Fertilisers and pesticides</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mode of Action </strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Neurotoxicity- selective <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5744dac7511692777186db6f8e0c28\">disruption</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9194a239ed1692777186bfe41c0e87\">dopamine</span> neurons and production of the neurotoxins</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dust or fumes exposure</li>\n<li>Bronchitis, pneumonia</li>\n<li><strong>Parkinson-like syndrome (manganism)</strong></li>\n<li><strong>Manganese <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2272a5f87e1692777191166649d581\">madness</span> (Locura manganica)</strong>- insomnia, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior</li>\n<li>Angurugu syndrome or Groote Eylandt syndrome- upper motor neuron, cerebellar, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ae7e8fa7d31692777194e3d4325f6b\">oculomotor</span> symptoms and sings</li>\n<li><strong>Metal fume fever </strong>due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4903b2c802169277719110203f4af5\">manganese</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e08c004e8f1692777194c9d37e17ad\">oxide</span> fumes</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>MRI shows <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4903b2c802169277719110203f4af5\">manganese</span> in the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"923af580cf16927771829606bce2a7\">basal</span> ganglia.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>To help with neurological symptoms- Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8a246ecf06169277719418fafdcd84\">para-aminosalicylic acid</span> is used <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>Chelation therapy with CaNa2 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> is useful in some patients</li>\n<li><strong>Mostly supportive measures</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/PsrWRmzakXecBIBFxLyU1740764168.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Hatter’s shake is seen in which of the following?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Mercury poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Iron poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Lead poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Arsenic poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Mercury poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Acrid <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"84433cae211692777192a484f539bc\">metallic</span> taste, the feeling of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4880e9b3761692777185e64eba797c\">constriction</span> in the throat, difficulty in breathing</li>\n<li>Corrosive lesions in mouth (grayish-white coating), glossitis, and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b118cf61a016927772018a179057ef\">ulcerative</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f4aa5543e616927771889b286331d4\">gingivitis</span> (1-3 days later if survives)</li>\n<li>Renal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"98d387b7bd1692777201278b27be72\">tubular</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e84a7987c16927771931012aced83\">necrosis</span> (PCT)</li>\n<li>Membranous <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e6955110f21692777184d2090a400c\">colitis</span> (diphtheric colitis)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with 5% Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">Formaldehyde</span> Sulfoxylate and Sodium bicarbonate</li>\n<li>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">formaldehyde</span> sulfoxylate is an antidote</li>\n<li>Chelating agent of choice: <strong>BAL</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Specific features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Minamata Disease</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Organic (Methyl) <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">Mercury</span> exposure from shellfish in Japan</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Erethism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Shyness, depression, anxiety, loss of confidence, suicidal thoughts</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Danberry Tremor</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Coarse tremors in hands, lips, tongue; slurred speech; early symptom is worsening handwriting</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hatter’s Shake</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Affects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"650eb29fb9169277719270ea0fbea5\">mobility</span> (walking, dressing)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Glass-Blower Shake</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Similar to Hatter’s Shake; it appears later</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Concussio Mercurialis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Most severe form; bed-ridden with no activity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Mercurialentis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Brown discoloration of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1ba6a9cfe11692777181950edd7a6d\">anterior</span> lens capsule; seen via <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7fbb9ec5b716927771981c011f4299\">slit</span> lamp; Visual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"80d33aa6081692777180a22947db2c\">Acuity</span> is Intact</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Acrodynia (Pink Disease)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Puffy, painful hands/feet; pinkish color; pruritus, perspiration; skin peeling similar to Kawasaki disease</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8hjKwVxNnaJir3ZvRXuq1740764023.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 43-year-old man presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and progressive numbness in his limbs after consuming food at a barbecue. Over the next few weeks, he develops hair loss and severe neurological deficits, including confusion and muscle weakness. He is non-hypertensive and diabetic. What is the most likely diagnosis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Acute gastroenteritis", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Guillain-Barré Syndrome", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Thallium poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Diabetic neuropathy", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Thallium poisoning", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Characteristic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Alopecia</strong> (1-2 weeks)</li>\n<li>Painful <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"04863b50b516927771967b59757561\">polyneuropathy</span> (GBS-like)</li>\n<li>Butterfly-pattern <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a4fdae630a16927771918eaa32d28b\">maculopapular</span> rash</li>\n<li>Loss of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> 2/3 of eyebrows (Sign <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"233d458dd316927771854358419c86\">de</span> Sourcil)</li>\n<li>Mee's lines on nails (Other causes: Arsenic poisoning, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e379f984b316927771986bb72f5402\">selenium</span> poisoning, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> failure and chemotherapy)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Prussian Blue (Berlin Blue; <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a046503cb169277720259dec3f2be\">ferric</span> hexacyanoferrate) which sequesters <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"482583c9b71692777200e3f13d54bb\">thallium</span> ions in the intestine, preventing their absorption</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/E9QX73LVxCIqmKDUBv3C1740763926.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old male vineyard worker presents with abdominal pain, increased salivation, and bluish-green vomiting. His laboratory tests indicate hemolysis. Which of the following statements regarding the poisoning is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Shows ptyalism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis may occur", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "D-penicillamine is the chelating agent", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Never affects the eyes", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Never affects the eyes", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/M925EMihHybYmEBsAO0B1735873960.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cfpdOwqOAvcg1VQMQOxy1735874028.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Pain in throat and abdomen</li>\n<li>increased <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f3c45b71f616927771983a1da80a25\">salivation</span> (ptyalism)</li>\n<li>Bluish-green vomiting</li>\n<li>Hemolysis in RBC, liver, and kidney</li>\n<li>Copper depositions in tissues (chalcosis)</li>\n<li>Copper deposition in the eye (chalcosis oculi)</li>\n<li>Wilson disease (sunflower cataract, Kayser-Fleischer ring)</li>\n</ul>\n<p> </p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Imrankabirhossain\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY-SA 4.0\" data-source=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sunflower_cataract.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"424\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/M925EMihHybYmEBsAO0B1735873960.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Fig: Sunflower cataract</strong></p>\n<p> </p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"Herbert L. Fred, MD, Hendrik A. van Dijk - http://cnx.org/content/m15007/latest/\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"CC BY 3.0\" data-source=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayser%E2%80%93Fleischer_ring#/media/File:Kayser-Fleischer_ring.jpg\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"331\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/cfpdOwqOAvcg1VQMQOxy1735874028.png\" width=\"500\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Fig: KF ring</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Green lines in gums (Clapton lines)</li>\n<li>Hair turning green</li>\n<li>Interstitial <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10e2dee19e1692777196673db90c23\">pulmonary</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"21e2d5a70616927772021fcdec0ca9\">fibrosis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2334b7498b1692777188fa8b2eee36\">granuloma</span> in<strong> vineyard sprayer's lung disease</strong> due to CuSO₄ exposure.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Toxic Compounds</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Copper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"535af9a2181692777199309af44d24\">Sulfate</span> (CuSO₄): Blue vitriol; fatal dose: 30g</li>\n<li>Copper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"89cc67728b169277719983328bdb82\">Subacetate</span> (Verdigris): Fatal dose: 15g</li>\n<li>Copper <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f785d09fd11692777182345b48de7a\">Arsenite</span> (Scheele's Green)</li>\n<li>Copper Aceto-Arsenite (Paris Green)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with 1% <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">Potassium</span> ferrocyanide</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f4305306cd16927771847a63caf4c7\">chelating agent</span> of choice is D-penicillamine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/H6yrbdEGgKjpjChXEfrP1740763782.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal homicidal poison?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Highly toxic", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Has an antidote", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Causes no noticeable postmortem changes", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Dissolves in food or drink without altering its appearance", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Has an antidote", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cost</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Irrelevant</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Availability</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Easily accessible</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Physical Characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Colorless, odorless, tasteless</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Highly toxic <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>No available <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5e612ce1381692777181adc76f11e6\">antidote</span> <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Solubility</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dissolves in food or drink without noticeable change <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Signs and Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Resemble natural disease or delayed onset to avoid suspicion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Metabolism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rapidly destroyed or undetectable in bodily fluids</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Detection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Undetectable by chemical or other tests</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Changes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Does not cause visible <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"88bcb684bf169277719687b1e4d84b\">postmortem</span> changes <strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Examples</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arsenic, aconite, thallium, oleander, insulin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Intent</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Medicine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Given with intent to save life</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Given with intent to cause bodily harm</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Symptom</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sudden <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1665a40f1016927771801899eaed5d\">abdominal</span> pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, collapse</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sudden onset of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e39842f67b1692777184171cd1852a\">coma</span> with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e419fd4e241692777196d038d1b71a\">pupil</span> constriction</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Unexplained coma, especially in children</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/iaVCPNkivhKhShF6Ulma1746417427.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A body is brought for autopsy. On postmortem examination, a garlic odor was detected in the stomach. Which of the following findings is inconsistent with this observation?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Luminous in dark", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Opaque appearance", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Inflammable", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Highly toxic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Opaque appearance", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Feature</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>White Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Red Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>1. Color</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>White or yellow</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Reddish-brown</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>2. Appearance</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Crystalline, waxy, translucent</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Amorphous or crystalline, opaque</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>3. Solubility</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Organic solvents: Yes</p>\n<p>Water: Very low (~ 3 mg/l)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Organic solvents: No</p>\n<p>Water: Insoluble</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>4. Odor</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Characteristic garlicky odor</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Odorless</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>5. Taste</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Garlicky</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Tasteless</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>6. Chemiluminescence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Luminous in dark <strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Non-luminous</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>7. Ignitability</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Inflammable, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f71e485d131692777199151d1076d2\">spontaneous</span> ignition in air at room temp (emits white fumes) and in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3c268a141b1692777184336bc40100\">chlorine</span> <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Non-inflammable, ignites only at &gt; 260°C; heat necessary for ignition in chlorine</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>8. Reaction with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f0067663b16927771818fe253b3b9\">Aqueous</span> Alkali</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Produces phosphine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>None</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>9. Toxicity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Highly toxic <strong>(Option D)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Low toxicity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>10. Uses</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Fertilizers, insecticides, rodenticides, incendiary bombs, smoke screens, fireworks</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>On the sides of the box</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/2SwYCd9yNCJ0IHFUEx6t1746419119.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male presents with respiratory distress, excessive salivation, and miosis after working on a farm. On arrival, his vital signs show a heart rate of 50 bpm and blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg. What is the next best step in management?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Administer atropine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Start intravenous fluids", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Perform decontamination", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Intubate immediately", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Perform decontamination", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/lXhITPWVALwFmEhHUekL1735873655.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Muscarinic: </strong>Lethargy, Salivation, Diarrhea, Lacrimation, Urination, Miosis, Muscle weakness, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7f955e4b0169277718686e55870bc\">Emesis</span> (Mnemonic: DUMBBELLS)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Nicotinic: </strong>Muscle weakness, Fasciculation, Areflexia, Muscle paralysis</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>CNS: </strong>Headache, Tremor, Confusion, Slurred speech, Coma, Convulsion</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Laboratory Diagnosis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>RBC/True Cholinesterase</strong> (specific)</li>\n<li><strong>Plasma/Pseudocholinesterase</strong> (Most common)\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Falls rapidly with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8e1f460230169277719463930573a7\">organophosphorus</span> poisoning</li>\n<li>Inexpensive, sensitive)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Atropine test</strong>: If 2 mg of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">Atropine</span> relieves symptoms, it confirms OP poisoning</li>\n<li><strong>P-nitro <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> test</strong> for confirmation.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Management</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Resuscitative measures (Airway-Breathing-Circulation)</li>\n<li>Decontamination</li>\n<li>Gastric <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b625b3e881169277719169ef4e1af3\">lavage</span> with 1:5000 KMnO4</li>\n<li>Activated charcoal</li>\n<li><strong>Atropine sulfate</strong> (2-4 mg IV every 10-15 minutes until atropinization)</li>\n<li><strong>Signs of atropinization:</strong> Heart rate&gt;80 beats/min, pupils no longer pinpoint, clear chest on <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2f0dbabe516927771821b0ec5ba85\">auscultation</span> with no wheeze, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf69f5256416927771991c21f264ae\">systolic</span> BP&gt;80mmHg, Dry axillae</li>\n<li>Oximes (Pralidoxime) to decrease <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e1a4a12fb416927771841c46faf6fb\">CNS</span> symptoms\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>removes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"189b6fc834169277719580eb39bb4c\">phosphate</span> group</li>\n<li>reduces <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"90b10f842b1692777182e4a9268284\">atropine</span> requirement</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cause of Death</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Respiratory Muscle <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"72fa9105b916927771945aef35e8ed\">Paralysis</span> (RMP)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zgj6thCtqIBm8YsaZ0I51740763351.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal pain, irritability, and developmental delays. On examination, the child shows a wrist drop. Which of the following chelating agents is the most appropriate first-line treatment for this condition?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Dimercaprol (BAL)", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Succimer (meso-DMSA)", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "D-penicillamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Calcium disodium EDTA (Ca Na₂ EDTA)", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Succimer (meso-DMSA)", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Chelating Agent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Indication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Administration Route</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dimercaprol (BAL) </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Arsenic and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Intramuscular (IM)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Succimer (meso-DMSA) </strong><strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lead <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> (especially in children)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Unithiol (DMPS)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Mercury and lead toxicity</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral or Intravenous (IV)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>D-penicillamine </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Copper and lead poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral (but with side effects)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>CaNa₂EDTA </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Lead poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Deferoxamine (DFO)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Iron <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9d02a99d051692777194aa3375023b\">overload</span> (e.g., in thalassemia)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV or IM</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Prussian Blue</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Thallium and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d7746097771692777184cc0ab5acdf\">cesium</span> poisoning</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/pPiADlIjCks31WUvTlrl1740763204.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department after ingesting ethylene glycol. His symptoms include confusion, metabolic acidosis, and renal impairment. What is the most appropriate antidote for this patient?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sodium Thiosulfate", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Prussian Blue", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Fomepizole", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Naloxone", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Fomepizole", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoning Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Succimer (DMSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>DMPS</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Copper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Ferrocyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> complexes, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Penicillamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates copper.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Nitrite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b68d201f1169277719205f9339df9\">methemoglobin</span> to bind cyanide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7e95d7fc4169277720098ae4b326f\">Thiosulfate</span> <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aa5b842b01692777200b64c672a29\">thiocyanate</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydroxocobalamin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dicobalt Edetate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alternative antidotes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ethylene Glycol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4c1279cdf1169277718118b18c10ab\">alcohol dehydrogenase</span> to prevent toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desferrioxamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates iron for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate</p>\n<p><strong>Note:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eff14f005f16927771826bf88cb6c5\">BAL</span> should not be used in iron, cadmium, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e379f984b316927771986bb72f5402\">selenium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> due to formation of toxic complexes.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> lead sulfate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Promotes bone deposition of lead.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>CaNa2EDTA + BAL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">Formaldehyde</span> Sulfoxylate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reduces toxic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> ions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> receptors, reversing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors to manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8656dac49a16927771846b41f8cf19\">cholinergic</span> symptoms.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pralidoxime (2-PAM)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absorbs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> in the stomach.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Permanganate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxidizes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfea0730ac16927771959eb551740f\">phosphorus</span> into harmless phosphates.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Barbiturates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thallium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prussian Blue <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"482583c9b71692777200e3f13d54bb\">thallium</span> in the intestine, preventing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/g1GyC48L3WL3SjucMjFR1746418702.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 55-year-old male presents to the emergency department with altered mental status. The medical team is considering administering the \"coma cocktail.\" Which of the following is not a component of the traditional coma cocktail?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Dextrose", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Naloxone", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Flumazenil", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Midazolam", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Midazolam", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Treatment</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dextrose </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Treats hypoglycemia</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Naloxone </strong><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>For suspected <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> overdose</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thiamine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prevents Wernicke's encephalopathy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Flumazenil </strong><strong>(Option C ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Used for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"020ca042e51692777182e5ffb60944\">benzodiazepine</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3f4eecb1c6169277719459c801fb19\">overdose</span> (not routine)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/c4u7IJNuEpizbJOdyrcO1740762981.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male presents with suspected poisoning from an unknown substance. Which statement about the universal antidote is true?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It consists of only activated charcoal.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Tannic acid is safe for all types of poisoning.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Its use has declined due to ineffectiveness and hepatotoxicity.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Gastric lavage is recommended for all poisonings.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Its use has declined due to ineffectiveness and hepatotoxicity.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Component</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Purpose</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Powdered Charcoal</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Adsorbs alkaloids</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Oxide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Neutralizes acids</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tannic Acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Precipitates alkaloids, glycosides, and metals</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/8gGJqdIjsmkS7npO2eV51746418137.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements about gastric lavage is false?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Gastric lavage is most effective if performed within 1 hour of poison ingestion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It is contraindicated in patients with esophageal varices", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Tap water should never be used for gastric lavage in adults", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lavage can cause complications such as aspiration", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Tap water should never be used for gastric lavage in adults", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/YFepCV0w5PPDwg4BZprT1735873533.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Patient Positioning</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Trendelenburg: Head down to prevent aspiration</p>\n<p>Left <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fc380e21321692777191739bd99191\">lateral</span> decubitus: Reduces chance of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> entering the duodenum</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tube Placement Confirmation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inject air and listen for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"12347b15191692777188bc86d226e1\">gastric</span> bubbling sounds</p>\n<p>Watch for coughing or bubbles (indicates misplacement in trachea)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid Administration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fluid is administered and aspirated using a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"29863704261692777199d30fdfa6fa\">syringe</span> attached to the tube</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid Selection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tap water for most cases <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n<p>Normal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> for infants</p>\n<p>Specific solutions (e.g., <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> permanganate) may be used for certain poisons</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Residual Fluid</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Leave a small amount of fluid to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9c60f7b6b81692777193976e7f1d8e\">neutralize</span> remaining poison</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Complication</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Aspiration </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Occurs in ~10% of cases. Risk of lung injury</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Esophageal/Gastric Perforation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can be life-threatening</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Tube Misplacement</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Misplaced into trachea, causing complications</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bleeding</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can occur with improper technique or pathology</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alternative</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Emetics</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Induce <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"998fb41ebc1692777202e46891c4a7\">vomiting</span> in conscious patients</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dilution</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Large water <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6cdcd39cf2169277719068e247e38d\">intake</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e63a499e5716927771860681cef17d\">dilute</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"16a98a214c16927771852d7f6c344e\">corrosive</span> substances</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Endoscopic/Surgical Removal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Used for toxic foreign bodies or drug packets</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ImKtcSs1hHNpvUgUpTWN1746417941.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old man is found dead at home. On examination, his postmortem staining is as shown in the image. Which of the following is the most likely cause of death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Opium poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hydrogen sulfide poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Organochlorine poisoning", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Carbon monoxide poisoning", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/cIS4O0LUF5cCQYqxYRxQ1735873396.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:466px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3b007026bd16927771997ae809b603\">Staining</span> Characteristics</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Purple or blackish staining</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Carbon <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"03077f6c8716927771923763487a9e\">monoxide</span> </strong><strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cherry red discoloration (COHb &gt; 30%)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e84bc8bb5169277719934af06eb80\">sulfide</span> </strong><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Greenish discoloration in tissues</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Datura</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Asphyxial signs (no specific color)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organochlorine/Kerosene </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Asphyxial signs (no specific color)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/auT5HisQ01uFVPq0KNEW1745219382.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic pathologist is examining a deceased individual and notes a garlic-like odor around the mouth. Which of the following poisons is most likely associated with this characteristic smell?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Zinc Phosphide", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Phosphorus", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Methyl salicylates", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Phosphorus", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Odor</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Phosphorus, heavy metals (arsenic, selenium, thallium), parathion, malathion, alphos <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Garlic-like</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol, methyl/propyl alcohol, chloroform, nitrites, acetone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sweet and fruity</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Paraldehyde, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"89cf71b4fd1692777184e5dc9a8295\">chloral</span> hydrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Acrid</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0e84bc8bb5169277719934af06eb80\">sulfide</span> (H2S), mercaptans, disulfiram</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rotten eggs</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> (HCN) <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Bitter almond</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Carbolic acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Phenolic</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Organophosphates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Kerosene-like</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Zinc <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7ee01df1b169277719539ad796de7\">phosphide</span> <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Fishy</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Methyl salicylates <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oil of wintergreen</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Marijuana</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Burnt rope, hemp</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/oOa0dM7b4G76Bd7wqL5q1740762477.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old male is brought to the emergency department with suspected poisoning after ingesting an unknown substance. A toxicological analysis is performed, and the following specimens are collected: blood, urine, gastric contents, and liver tissue. Which of the following specimens is most crucial for detecting heavy metal poisoning analysis?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Blood", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Urine", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Hair", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Liver", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Hair", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Specimen</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Importance</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Blood</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Primary specimen; collect from femoral, iliac, or axillary veins to avoid contamination. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Preservative: </strong>Lithium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"050e27829716927771885eddb2620c\">heparin</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"27f36f7d7a1692777186e23b7805a1\">EDTA</span> tube, fluoride/oxalate, if alcohol is</p>\n<p>suspected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Urine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Useful for detecting parent compounds and metabolites of poisons. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Preservative: </strong>No preservative, sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cdfdfcdc616927772026ac0b8d995\">fluoride</span> is added, if alcohol is</p>\n<p>suspected</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Gastric Contents</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Helps identify ingested poisons and their concentrations through <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58a09a3d07169277720271320338d4\">vomitus</span> and stomach contents analysis.</p>\n<p><strong>Preservative:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bd2ac838bb16927771983dd9afc74c\">Saturated</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77e95b17ce1692777198780a5d0843\">salt solution</span> if there is no chance of acid poison.</p>\n<p>Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Liver</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Analyzes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5b1a045f5f169277719210c0ac7a1e\">metabolism</span> and concentration of drugs; critical when blood/urine concentrations are low. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"cf978047b61692777183c0569f21f2\">Bile</span> can detect specific substances like <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c6cef1cc8616927771849eace61464\">chlorpromazine</span> and morphine. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Preservative:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bd2ac838bb16927771983dd9afc74c\">Saturated</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"77e95b17ce1692777198780a5d0843\">salt solution</span> if there is no chance of acid poison.</p>\n<p>Rectified spirit if poisoned by acid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hair and Nails</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6e8ada09fa1692777189bfbace851a\">heavy metal</span> poisoning; metals accumulate in keratin. <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"34142a12311692777193fb4f4cb9ba\">Neutron</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ba6b77f29316927771807350f86ce2\">activation</span> analysis identifies specific metals and exposure patterns. <strong>(Option C)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Scene Residues</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provides clues about the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b437be3f051692777196d06a1fa93d\">poison</span> through materials found at the scene, such as tablets or empty containers.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Qualitative Tests</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Determine presence/absence of specific drugs or toxins; positive indicates presence, negative suggests absence or low concentration.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Quantitative Tests</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Measure specific concentration of drugs or toxins; crucial for assessing severity of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d3323d4b271692777200122ea879e5\">toxicity</span> for substances like acetaminophen, alcohols, barbiturates, and heavy metals.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/29PNE4ldlDVqAujFlrss1746417703.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for acute intoxication after using an illegal narcotic drug. Upon examination, he is found to be in possession of 300 mg of heroin. According to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, what is the most appropriate legal consequence he would face for this offense?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Rigorous imprisonment for up to 5 years and a fine of ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rigorous imprisonment for 10 to 20 years and a fine of ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Rigorous imprisonment for 15 to 25 years and a fine of ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Rigorous imprisonment for 20 to 30 years and a fine of ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Rigorous imprisonment for 10 to 20 years and a fine of ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Offense</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Punishment</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Production, possession, transportation, import, sale, purchase, or use of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"172b474c791692777193a54fab4553\">narcotic</span> drugs/psychotropic substances (excluding \"ganja\")</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rigorous imprisonment: 10-20 years <strong>(Options A, C, &amp; D ruled out)</strong>; Fine: ₹1 lakh - ₹2 lakh</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Repeat offenses</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Rigorous imprisonment: 15-30 years; Fine: ₹1.5 lakh - ₹3 lakh</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Handling \"ganja\"</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imprisonment: 5 years; Fine: ₹50,000</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Repeat offenses of handling \"ganja\"</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imprisonment: up to 10 years; Fine: ₹1 lakh</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Possession of small quantities (e.g., 250 mg heroin, 5 g charas, 5 g opium, 125 mg cocaine)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Simple imprisonment: up to 1 year; Fine: unspecified amount</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Possession of less than 500 g \"ganja\"</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Imprisonment: up to 6 months</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Trafficking (e.g., &gt;1 kg pure <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"94ad3b8b511692777188ae2fd60d16\">heroin</span> after previous convictions)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Maximum punishment: Death penalty</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/IkdU8ePc7IR3dl8FTcPY1740762269.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 45-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency room after ingesting an unknown substance. The doctor provides immediate supportive care and stabilizes her condition. Upon suspicion of homicidal poisoning, what is the next legal duty of the doctor?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Notify the patient’s family before taking any further action", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Inform the police after receiving forensic lab results", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Preserve evidence such as food, vomitus, and stomach wash samples", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Administer activated charcoal as the first step in treatment", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Preserve evidence such as food, vomitus, and stomach wash samples", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Duty</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Documentation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Record patient's details (name, age, sex, address, arrival time, etc.) and medical history.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Suspicion Confirmation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Collect samples (vomitus, urine), observe symptoms, and consult with senior practitioners.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hospitalization</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Request hospital transfer after confirming homicidal poisoning, with patient consent if possible.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Preserve Evidence</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Keep samples of food, drink, excreta, and stomach wash; failure to do so can lead to legal action.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Report to Authorities</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Govt. Medical Officers must report all cases to police; private practitioners must report homicidal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> under Section 39 of the CrPC.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Dying Declaration</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ensure a dying declaration is recorded if the patient’s condition is critical.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Death Certificate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Do not issue a death certificate in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> cases; inform the police.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opinion on Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provide an opinion only after receiving <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d505e5aff31692777203af0565576c\">forensic</span> science lab reports.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Information to Police</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Provide all case details to the investigating officer when requested under Section 175 of CrPC.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/bLAp7PU2VhXmtO1yEtMK1746417596.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements about an ideal suicidal poison is false?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It should have no known antidote.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It should be easily accessible.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "It should be highly palatable and sweet-tasting.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "It should be highly toxic.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. It should be highly palatable and sweet-tasting.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poison</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">Cyanide</span> (KCN)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cyanide compound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydrogen <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">Cyanide</span> (HCN)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Cyanide gas</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Opium</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Narcotic</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Barbiturates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sedative</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Aluminum <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c7ee01df1b169277719539ad796de7\">Phosphide</span> (Alphos)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Phosphide compound</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Organophosphates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pesticides</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/cIbQdBGGJxDepyuzcBLJ1740205273.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 39 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "The compound shown in the image can be used in the treatment of which of the following poisonings?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Aluminum Phosphide B) Mercury C) Phosphorus D) Arsenic", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Mercury", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Phosphorus", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Arsenic", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Phosphorus", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/mh2bSbhBWjyrfoAjP2Ow1741789308.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoning Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Succimer (DMSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>DMPS</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Copper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Ferrocyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> complexes, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Penicillamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates copper.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Nitrite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b68d201f1169277719205f9339df9\">methemoglobin</span> to bind cyanide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Thiosulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aa5b842b01692777200b64c672a29\">thiocyanate</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydroxocobalamin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dicobalt Edetate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alternative antidotes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ethylene Glycol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4c1279cdf1169277718118b18c10ab\">alcohol dehydrogenase</span> to prevent toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desferrioxamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates iron for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Note:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eff14f005f16927771826bf88cb6c5\">BAL</span> should not be used in iron, cadmium, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e379f984b316927771986bb72f5402\">selenium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> due to formation of toxic complexes.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> lead sulfate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Promotes bone deposition of lead.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>CaNa2EDTA + BAL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">Formaldehyde</span> Sulfoxylate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reduces toxic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> ions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> receptors, reversing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors to manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8656dac49a16927771846b41f8cf19\">cholinergic</span> symptoms.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pralidoxime (2-PAM)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absorbs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> in the stomach.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Permanganate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxidizes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfea0730ac16927771959eb551740f\">phosphorus</span> into harmless phosphates.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Barbiturates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thallium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prussian Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"482583c9b71692777200e3f13d54bb\">thallium</span> in the intestine, preventing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A student presents with shock, pulmonary edema, and a positive silver nitrate breath test after consuming an unknown substance. What is the antidote?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BAL", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Pralidoxime", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "MgSO₄", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Atropine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. MgSO₄", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Poisoning Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Antidote</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mechanism</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Arsenic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol) <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IM, chelates arsenic for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Succimer (DMSA)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>DMPS</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>IV, transitioned to oral chelation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Copper</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Ferrocyanide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7b5fb2b56416927771858f02fd5508\">copper</span> complexes, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Penicillamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates copper.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cyanide</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Nitrite</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4b68d201f1169277719205f9339df9\">methemoglobin</span> to bind cyanide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium Thiosulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2cf30efe831692777185e200487656\">cyanide</span> to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5aa5b842b01692777200b64c672a29\">thiocyanate</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b9356afdba16927771979d068c6587\">renal</span> excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hydroxocobalamin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds cyanide, forming cyanocobalamin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dicobalt Edetate, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1f83adcbd1692777192944952fb13\">Methylene</span> Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Alternative antidotes.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Ethylene Glycol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Inhibits <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4c1279cdf1169277718118b18c10ab\">alcohol dehydrogenase</span> to prevent toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Iron</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Desferrioxamine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelates iron for excretion.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Hydroxide/Sodium Bicarbonate</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p><strong>Note:</strong> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"eff14f005f16927771826bf88cb6c5\">BAL</span> should not be used in iron, cadmium, or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e379f984b316927771986bb72f5402\">selenium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"072b8af16e1692777196f21b086f92\">poisoning</span> due to formation of toxic complexes.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Precipitate iron, reducing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Lead</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium/Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Forms <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5d21b8a47c16927771906f7f0e2590\">insoluble</span> lead sulfate.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Calcium Chloride/Gluconate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Promotes bone deposition of lead.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>CaNa2EDTA + BAL</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chelation therapy for lead elimination.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Mercury</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"59e3af5975169277720384661ff5bf\">Formaldehyde</span> Sulfoxylate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reduces toxic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b59bbde2f816927771924bb2b17b64\">mercury</span> ions.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>BAL (Dimercaprol)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Traditional chelator; oral agents preferred.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Methanol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Ethanol/Fomepizole</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Compete for alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing toxic metabolites.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Opium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Naloxone</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> receptors, reversing <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e22dbf6c52169277719441ac94a69e\">opioid</span> effects.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Organophosphate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Atropine <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Blocks <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0ad3c97c2916927771938768dcf298\">muscarinic</span> receptors to manage <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8656dac49a16927771846b41f8cf19\">cholinergic</span> symptoms.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Pralidoxime (2-PAM) <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reactivates acetylcholinesterase.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phenol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Magnesium Sulfate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absorbs <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0d5565e4a1169277719596227ebffd\">phenol</span> in the stomach.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Phosphorus</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Potassium Permanganate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Oxidizes <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bfea0730ac16927771959eb551740f\">phosphorus</span> into harmless phosphates.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Strychnine</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Barbiturates</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Depress CNS, preventing seizures.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Thallium</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prussian Blue</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Binds <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"482583c9b71692777200e3f13d54bb\">thallium</span> in the intestine, preventing absorption.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 10-year-old child was brought to the emergency department after consuming a significant quantity of iron tablets at home. The child is presenting with severe abdominal pain, profuse gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, and lethargy. What is the preferred treatment for this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pencillamine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BAL", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Activated charcoal", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Deferoxamine Mesylate", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Deferoxamine Mesylate", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option D\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Identify the method of substance abuse as shown in the image below.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Snorting", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Bagging", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sniffing", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Huffing", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Bagging", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/BBax4yDfsO11SB1w3Uj11747983808.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Methods of substance abuse</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Explanation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Bagging</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(</strong><strong>Option B</strong><strong>)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Bagging refers to a method of inhaling substances by placing them inside a bag and then inhaling or breathing in the vapors.</li>\n<li>The bag is typically held over the nose and mouth, allowing the person to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"fa8e7de4491692777190b78c13e43a\">inhale</span> the substance contained within the bag.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Snorting</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(</strong><strong>Option A</strong><strong>)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Snorting involves the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> of powdered substances, typically drugs, through the nose.</li>\n<li>The substance is crushed into a fine powder and then snorted through the nostrils using a straw, rolled-up paper, or other devices.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sniffing</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(</strong><strong>Option C</strong><strong>)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sniffing refers to the act of inhaling or smelling substances, often <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"656e217bb81692777202d82810ba2a\">volatile</span> or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5bdef37bf01692777182f5780db753\">aromatic</span> substances.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Huffing</strong></p>\n<p><strong>(</strong><strong>Option D</strong><strong>)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Huffing involves the deliberate <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0b1500fcd816927771900b59d16bde\">inhalation</span> of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"656e217bb81692777202d82810ba2a\">volatile</span> substances or inhalants directly from their container or source.</li>\n<li>This method is associated with the misuse of chemicals, solvents, or other <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"656e217bb81692777202d82810ba2a\">volatile</span> substances for recreational purposes.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A man was found to be lying dead on the ground. His friend saw a snake passing in the area and took a picture of it and showed it to the doctor (image below). What is the most probable cause of death of this man?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Shock", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Respiratory failure", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Coagulopathy", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Renal failure", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Respiratory failure", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/NtMrwE5ioZ5lqKc7dWSE1747983890.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/NtMrwE5ioZ5lqKc7dWSE1747983890.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Gastric lavage, commonly known as stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is a procedure performed to remove the contents of the stomach. It has been widely used since the early 19th century as a standard method to eliminate toxins from the stomach. This procedure is typically employed for individuals who have consumed poison or overdosed on substances like ethanol. Additionally, it may be performed prior to surgery to empty the digestive tract. In which of the following situations is gastric lavage not recommended?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Organo-Phosphosphate poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hydrocarbons", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Ethanol poisoning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "PCM toxicity", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Hydrocarbons", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p>Correct option B - &lt;span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"55164fe9f9169277718979ac034040\"&gt;Hydrocarbon&lt;/span&gt; poisoning\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 16 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "Which among the following is not seen in heat exhaustion?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Loss of thermoregulatory mechanism B) Altered sensorium C) Orthostatic hypotension D) Core body temperature below 105 °F", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Altered sensorium", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Orthostatic hypotension", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Core body temperature below 105 °F", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Loss of thermoregulatory mechanism B) Altered sensorium C) Orthostatic hypotension D) Core body temperature below 105 °F", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZUm68U7rLdZgqrS8U3xw1741789413.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:640px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cause</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Clinical Features</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Postmortem Findings</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Exhaustion</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Prolonged strenuous activity with inadequate water/salt <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6cdcd39cf2169277719068e247e38d\">intake</span> in a hot environment.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nausea, vomiting, malaise, myalgia</li>\n<li>CNS symptoms:<strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong> dizziness, fatigue, impaired judgment, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1cb2d1482916927771964c2890313e\">psychosis</span> (severe water depletion)</li>\n<li>Moist skin, increased pulse, rectal temperature &gt; 37.8°C</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Non-specific</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Cramps (Miner’s/Stoker’s/Fireman’s Cramps)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Fluid and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2e0552462e16927771871413861fb7\">electrolyte</span> depletion</strong> (dilutional hyponatremia), following vigorous activity and profuse sweating.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sudden severe muscle cramps (arms, legs, abdomen)</li>\n<li>Tender, hard, lumpy muscles</li>\n<li>Flushed face, dilated pupils, dizziness, vomiting</li>\n<li>Moist, cool skin, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"4a7581c8b01692777183819f38c633\">body temperature</span> normal/slightly elevated</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Non-specific</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heat Stroke</p>\n<br/>\n\t\t\t </td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Failure of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f36a7c49d116927772002856c83dc1\">thermoregulation</span> in extreme heat exposure</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sudden collapse-loss of consciousness</li>\n<li>Skin hot, initially wet, then dry</li>\n<li>Hyperventilation- tachycardia</li>\n<li>Core temp &gt; 40.5°C</li>\n<li>Pupils contracted</li>\n<li>Convulsions</li>\n<li>Unconsciousness</li>\n<li>Cerebral dysfunction</li>\n<li>High fever</li>\n<li>Absence of sweating</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Congested lungs, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"09d1aa62351692777190c98d0dbb12\">intrathoracic</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> (children)</li>\n<li>Subendocardial hemorrhages</li>\n<li>Brain congestion, flattened convolutions, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"8fad605541169277719552afc9ebac\">petechiae</span> in the 3rd/4th <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"707de303e516927772011cb80f4028\">ventricle</span> walls</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZUm68U7rLdZgqrS8U3xw1741789413.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Two handkerchiefs with blood stains are found at a crime scene. What is the most appropriate procedure for handling these items?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Place them in same plastic bag and seal it for preservation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Rinse the bloodstains with water to prevent contamination", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Preserve in an envelope/paper bag", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Place them in different plastic bags and seal it for preservation", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Preserve in an envelope/paper bag", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is correct regarding sample collection in a case of alcohol intoxication?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Sample area cleaned with spirit", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Sample area cleaned with soap and water", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Sample should be preserved without preservative", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Only one urine sample is required", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Sample area cleaned with soap and water", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:651px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alcohol sample collection</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Cleaning the Skin</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Avoid using spirit or alcohol on skin or syringe.</li>\n<li>Use 1:1000 <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e20a4eadb169277719290474ef049\">mercuric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> solution or soap and water.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Preservation of Blood</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Add 100 mg sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7cdfdfcdc616927772026ac0b8d995\">fluoride</span> and 30 mg <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"28ddbfbaa51692777194aa6875fac4\">oxalate</span> to 10 mL blood.</li>\n<li>Shake thoroughly to prevent alcohol loss due to <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"185a500ee91692777188b3044db06d\">glycolysis</span> and bacterial activity.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Alternate Preservatives</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use 50 mg <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7148abd748169277719552f904bca5\">phenyl</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"3e20a4eadb169277719290474ef049\">mercuric</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad09a76257169277719349e2735418\">nitrate</span> or sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"446c28d35b16927771825037f783c6\">azide</span> for 10 mL blood or urine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Storage Containers</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use screw-capped glass bottles to minimize alcohol evaporation.</li>\n<li>Avoid rubber stoppers to prevent <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"22b9188ade169277718581ce9dc589\">contamination</span> from oxidizable substances.</li>\n<li>Label containers with name, date, and time of collection.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Storage Guidelines</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<ul>\n<li>Refrigerate if not sent to the lab immediately; avoid freezing (prevents cell lysis).</li>\n<li>Samples maintain alcohol concentration for weeks at room temperature.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "During the examination of injury, hair bulbs are noted to be crushed. The probable type of wound is:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Abrasion", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Laceration", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Stab injury", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "None", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Laceration", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/l1mgThTkJ0FW57EH9xyG1746094319.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Answer B - L\n<table align=\"left\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Stellate</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Round objects (e.g., hammer).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Crescentic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Objects with edges.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Linear</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Long, thin objects (e.g., pipes)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Irregular/Y-shaped</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Flat-surfaced objects</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table align=\"left\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Accidental</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:1px solid black; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Found on exposed body parts.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Homicidal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Found on non-accessible areas, typically the head.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:1px solid black; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><strong>Suicidal</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left:none; border-right:1px solid black; border-top:none; vertical-align:top\">\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">Rare, usually on exposed parts, on the same side of the body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "All of the following statements are true about the given condition except:", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Swabs should be taken immediately after moistening with sterile water", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "It is most commonly caused by incisors and canines", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "There are fewer chances of bacterial infections", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Tetanus vaccination should be given", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. There are fewer chances of bacterial infections", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/notes/00Sy7q8IPzDsVtx9klVw1747054774.png"], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}, {"text": "A woman gave birth to twins. The father who believed that they did not belong to him requested DNA testing. After testing, it was found that one child did not belong to him. This case would be best described as?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Superfetation", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Superfecundation", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Suppositious child", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Atavism", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Superfecundation", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/4lAlShUr8YagcbPjDjRH1745480785.png"], "explanation": "<p>Correct Option B - Superfecu\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 16 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A 28-year-old male presents to the emergency department following an alleged sexual assault by a man. The victim recalls that the assault occurred approximately 4 hours ago. Which of the following examination findings would least likely support evidence of the current sodomy assault?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Linear abrasions or contusions in the perianal region", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Dried semen around the anus", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Paradoxical dilatation of anus during bimanual traction of buttocks", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Prolapse of rectal mucosa", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Paradoxical dilatation of anus during bimanual traction of buttocks", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Feature</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Habitual Passive Agent</strong></th>\n<th><strong>Non-Habitual Passive Agent</strong></th>\n</tr>\n</thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Anal <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1a73a42f071692777199a59120f494\">sphincter</span> tone</strong></td>\n<td>Decreased or lax</td>\n<td>Normal or tight</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Paradoxical anal dilatation</strong></td>\n<td>Common <strong>(Option C)</strong></td>\n<td>May be absent or mild</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Perianal scars</strong></td>\n<td>Frequently present (due to repeated trauma)</td>\n<td>Absent or rare</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Radial mucosal folds</strong></td>\n<td>Effaced or obliterated due to repeated stretching</td>\n<td>Usually well preserved</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Rectal mucosa </strong></td>\n<td>May show signs of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c49cc1bac4169277719692da7af2cc\">prolapse</span> or eversion</td>\n<td>Normal unless recent severe trauma <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Local injury (abrasion/laceration) </strong></td>\n<td>Usually absent (tissues adapted over time)</td>\n<td>Common after recent assault <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pain/tenderness</strong></td>\n<td>Often absent</td>\n<td>Typically present post-assault</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sphincter <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ca2289e348169277718516017eb2ba\">contraction</span> on touch</strong></td>\n<td>May be absent or weak</td>\n<td>Present (normal reflex)</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Medical history</strong></td>\n<td>May include chronic <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"281b8ef3701692777185aa34365916\">constipation</span> or previous assaults</td>\n<td>Often no relevant history</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/M8lX8XfrB8MyEwPKhhxY1739697194.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 40-year-old male is arrested after being caught secretly watching women undress in a public locker room. He admits that he derives sexual pleasure from watching others undress and sometimes engaging in sexual acts. What is the likely paraphilic disorder?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Frotteurism", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Voyeurism", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Fetishism", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Eonism", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Voyeurism", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:582px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Transvestism/Eonism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Wearing clothes of the opposite sex (Common in males) <strong>(Option D</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Fetishism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual satisfaction from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"47755ae5261692777190f28393bfca\">inanimate</span> objects like bras or underpants (Common in males) <strong>(Option C</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Voyeurism/Scoptophilia/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Peeping Tom</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Watching someone undress or bathe (Specifically females)</p>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<p>Mixoscopia: Sexual gratification from watching others engage in sex.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Frotteurism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Rubbing private parts against a female’s <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0af4564cf1692777183e503d226f6\">buttocks</span> or thighs <strong>(Option A</strong>)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Masturbation/Onanism/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Ipsation</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Self-stimulation of genitalia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Coprolalia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Obscene language.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Scatalogia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Obscene telephone calls.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Partialism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual interest focused on a specific body part other than the genitalia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Klismaphilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual gratification from enemas.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Ecouterism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> from hearing sounds associated with sexual activity.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Nymphomania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Excessive sexual desire in females.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Satyriasis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Excessive sexual desire in males.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Dippoldism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Teacher beating a student for sexual satisfaction (Named after German schoolmaster Dippold).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Gerontophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual attraction to elderly individuals.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Pedophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual attraction to children.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Narratophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> by reading <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"524baaa60716927771879e2208670f\">erotic</span> material.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Somnophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> from a stranger who is asleep.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Pyromania</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual satisfaction from setting fires.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Playing the Bagpipes</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Intercourse under the armpits.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Troilism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual activity involving three people.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/5cUr5EofFres6mrClGAV1739695165.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 32-year-old male presents to the psychiatrist with complaints of unusual sexual desires. He reports feeling intense sexual gratification when inflicting pain on his partner during consensual intimate encounters. He denies any interest in other forms of sexual activity and mentions that causing pain is the primary source of his sexual arousal. What is the most likely paraphilic disorder?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Algolagnia", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "Uranism", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Mooning", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Cunnilingus", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. Algolagnia", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:611px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Category</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Sadism/Algolagnia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Getting satisfaction by giving pain to a partner.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Masochism/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Passive Algolagnia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Getting satisfaction by receiving pain from a partner.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bondage</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Combination of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d4db6ca817169277719840d027ecb1\">Sadism</span> and Masochism.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Lust Murder</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Murder acts as a stimulus for sexual arousal.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Urolagnia/Undinism/</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Urophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> from <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0096f2a7631692777201eb9f21d5a7\">urine</span> smell, touch, or sight.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Uranism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual gratification by fingering, fondling, licking, or sucking the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a6a00bd30e169277718892b3a6076c\">genitalia</span> of the opposite sex <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Coprophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"bf639c9a2316927771825e1632d9fb\">arousal</span> from fecal smell and touch.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Sexual Oralism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Fellatio: Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> of male genitalia.</li>\n<li>Cunnilingus: Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> of female genitalia<strong> (Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Exhibitionism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Showing private parts.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Streaking: Running naked in public.</li>\n</ul>\n\t\t\t \n\n\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Mooning: Showing bare <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a0af4564cf1692777183e503d226f6\">buttocks</span> (Mnemonic: Moon resembles buttocks) <strong>(Option C)</strong></li>\n<li>Flashing: Momentarily exposing body parts by quickly moving clothing (Mnemonic: like a flashlight)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Necrophilia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual activity with a dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Necrophagia</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Eating parts of a dead body.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/QroJydkY1VGzBf7XIce41746420630.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is a part of the SAFE kit? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1, 2, 3", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "2, 3, 4, 5", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "1, 2, 3, 5", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/cXDqR42yws3wZUk8swfJ1736409655.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/Yel26Uzo6RtsveZFiM151736409759.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7LTGN9Y8EHif1CeNnDCW1736409841.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/AFHegx6DYRmGsWRzwQkc1736409897.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/zdiRnWYAXduBnnQbBnjj1736409973.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/ejsXOliiKDwfzQwaCwiX1736231452.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dPu2sJm4reKWwzOf9u5x1746421004.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 20-year-old male was brought for medicolegal examination after being accused of raping a girl 2 hours back. The examining physician noted the cheesy secretion around the corona glandis and conducted a thorough assessment of the genital organs, including a penile swab. Which of the following is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Cheesy material is inconsistent with his recent sexual intercourse", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Lugol’s iodine test turns brown if vaginal cells are present", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "His consent for examination is needed", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Lugol's iodine can be done till 4 days after rape", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. His consent for examination is needed", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Legal Basis</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Examination under S.51 BNSS</li>\n<li>Conducted with reasonable force</li>\n<li>No consent needed</li>\n<li>Request by SI</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Burden of Proof</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>In cases of rape, the burden of proof is on males.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>General Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Assess behavior, mental status, clothes for stains/tears,</li>\n<li>Presence of female hair.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Genital Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Check for semen/sperm</li>\n<li>Smegma (cheesy-like secretions) at <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f2f39af5b7169277718598133664e4\">corona</span> glandis\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Presence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6fd43718cb169277719860cc46a061\">smegma</span> on an accused can be a useful clue and help refute a false rape charge.</li>\n<li>if present, it is inconsistent with recent sexual intercourse.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>However, the absence of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6fd43718cb169277719860cc46a061\">smegma</span> does not prove that rape did not occur (Can be rubbed off and show -ve results)</li>\n<li>The <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6fd43718cb169277719860cc46a061\">smegma</span> is rubbed off during <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad25936d1916927771900a1de2dd77\">intercourse</span> which takes about 24 hours for re-deposition.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Vaginal Cell Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Examine the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"028d70d3e11692777195f204ee2764\">penis</span> and <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"e62ab50e7a16927771882c6a886b18\">glans</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> cells using Papanicolaou <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b29a1a16ab1692777199ede1c6e28b\">stain</span> and Lugol's iodine.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Penile <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b76c34e672169277719964ab6c1b56\">Swab</span> Procedure</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain a swab, allow it to dry, and expose it to Lugol's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c4fcb71116927771901e83ac026f\">iodine</span> vapors</li>\n<li>Brown indicates <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> cells (glycogen present) <strong>(Option B)</strong></li>\n<li>Lugol's <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c4fcb71116927771901e83ac026f\">iodine</span> can be done till 4 days after rape <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/GHZLVYL7aQE9K3KqGE1q1746421384.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "What is the primary purpose of applying toluidine blue to the anogenital area during the examination of rape victim?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "To enhance the visibility of foreign objects", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "To identify areas of micro-injury", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "To check for signs of infection", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "To prepare for DNA collection", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. To identify areas of micro-injury", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Details</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Request for Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Any police officer can request it within 24 hours.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Consent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Must obtain consent from the woman</li>\n<li>Examination supervised by a female RMP.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Initial Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Ask the victim to remove clothing.</li>\n<li>Examine and collect evidence from clothes.</li>\n<li>Look for foreign objects (hairs, seminal stains) <strong>(Option A)</strong></li>\n<li>Search for physical injuries.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Detection of Micro Injuries</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Apply toluidine-blue contrast to the anogenital area.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Swabs Collection</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>4 swabs:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Smear: Prepare a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6777533153169277719804fcbbf2d1\">smear</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"79067cb33316927771926965c3c0b5\">microscopic</span> examination.</li>\n<li>Sperm: Use <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"894da1dfe6169277719871d7210619\">saline</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c8c1db40c9169277719258df1a6b43\">motility</span> testing.</li>\n<li>DNA Profiling <strong>(Option D)</strong></li>\n<li>Chemical Tests: Acid phosphatase, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"2ead0fd0301692777185187bd72768\">creatinine</span> phosphokinase, <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"5a751dc161169277719123aae1b764\">lactate</span> dehydrogenase.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Examination Position</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Examine in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0f4e6b47941692777191c7f9edb1eb\">lithotomy</span> position under good lighting.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hymen Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use Glaister-Keene rods or hymenoscope</li>\n<li>Look for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"1717bdb5d21692777200d45e31ceed\">tears</span> (usually <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a5c6cb079d16927771967e62ffee72\">posterior</span> at 5-7 o'clock position).</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Vaginal Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7d681686dc1692777198955a8ffd20\">speculum</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"9a1e50b8221692777201b95b66c9de\">vaginal</span> examination.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cervical Examination</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Use a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f1d1c017431692777184b3c22afce2\">colposcope</span> for <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"25c6ce766c1692777184ab9a40305c\">cervical</span> examination.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Post-Examination Care</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Treat STDs, injuries, or potential pregnancy.</li>\n<li>Provide psychological support.</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/dAG3KpUfjBN5nrNBfNRF1739696038.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old woman testified in court that she did not give consent during an alleged sexual assault. The case involves an offense under Section 63 of the BNS. During cross-examination, the defense lawyer attempts to question her about her past sexual relationships. The court intervenes and prevents this line of questioning. Which of the following provisions are relevant to this case?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BSA Section 48", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS Section 48", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNSS Section 48", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "None of the above", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. BSA Section 48", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/OQxiQDLq1NYAArNVN5DS1746420317.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a news report, a journalist accidentally reveals the name of a woman who has accused her neighbor of rape under BNS Section 63. The report goes viral, causing distress to the victim. If the journalist is charged under BNS section 72, what is the maximum punishment they could face?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "1 year of imprisonment plus fine", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "2 years of imprisonment plus a fine", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "5 years of imprisonment without fine", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A warning from the court with fine", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. 2 years of imprisonment plus a fine", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/k3VmW04q2Wrf3PKveA991746420219.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 26-year-old man is proven guilty of committing an offense of rape that resulted in the victim being in a persistent vegetative state. He is sentenced to 20 years of imprisonment. Under which BNS section is he most likely convicted?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "BNS Section 65", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "BNS Section 66", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "BNS Section 67", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "BNS Section 68", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. BNS Section 66", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/lpLLVr8KGGcGNJb9fHJk1739696469.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During a forensic examination, a 25-year-old woman reports that she was raped by a colleague at a workplace event. The medical examination reveals no physical injuries but confirms non-consensual sexual intercourse. According to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, what is the minimum punishment the accused would face?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "5 years of rigorous imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "7 years of rigorous imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "10 years of rigorous imprisonment", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Life imprisonment", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. 10 years of rigorous imprisonment", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/K9zSVh5VOOaVKjP7Rpo61739696673.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following is NOT true regarding the POCSO Act?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It is designed to protect female children under the age of 18 from sexual abuse", "correct": true}, {"label": "B", "text": "It also includes protection against digital sexual crimes and exploitation against children.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The Act was amended in 2019, making punishments stricter.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Special courts have been established to ensure the swift disposal of POCSO cases", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "A. It is designed to protect female children under the age of 18 from sexual abuse", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/jFY0j6FTS8O1HSby9IGm1746420035.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Under Section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), which of the following scenarios does NOT constitute rape?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "A man engages in sexual intercourse with a woman by falsely promising marriage, knowing he does not intend to marry her.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "A husband forces his wife, who is above 18 years of age, into sexual intercourse without her consent.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "A man engages in consensual sexual intercourse with a woman who is 17 years old.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "A man has consensual sexual intercourse with a woman who is mentally incapacitated and unable to provide informed consent.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. A husband forces his wife, who is above 18 years of age, into sexual intercourse without her consent.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/RzGEve8Yf9Y3iDGgz8iS1746419953.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following best represents an application of Locard's Exchange Principle in forensic investigations?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The use of DNA analysis to determine genetic relationships", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The transfer of sweat and residue forming latent fingerprints on surfaces", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The identification of drug metabolites in urine samples", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The analysis of blood pressure to assess cause of death", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The transfer of sweat and residue forming latent fingerprints on surfaces", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/EyXnUnP8NcfYzanToOih1736346140.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WryfrGjiTMvAXN7EGkda1737275936.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements regarding IPC 377 is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Pederasty involves an adult engaging in sexual activity with a child", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Butch is typically the active agent", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Minimum punishment for offenses is 10 years of imprisonment", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Sapphism involves sexual relationships with a catamite", "correct": true}], "correct_answer": "D. Sapphism involves sexual relationships with a catamite", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:624px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Type of Offense</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Active Agent</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Passive Agent</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Anal Offenses (Anal/ Greek love/ Sodomy/ Buggery)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Pederasty:</strong> Adult-child sexual relationship.</p>\n<p><strong>(Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pedarast (Adult)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Catamite (child)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Gerontophilia</strong>: Attraction to the elderly.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Gerontophile (Adult)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Old person</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Oral Sex (Coitus per os,Sin of Gomorrah)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Fellatio:</strong> Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> of male genitalia.</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Varies</p>\n</td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Varies</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Cunnilingus:</strong> Oral <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"7f3792072b1692777199fd8e2c4f59\">stimulation</span> of female genitalia.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Bestiality</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual acts involving animals.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Humans</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Lower animals</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Lesbianism/Sapphism/Tribadism</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Sexual relationships between females.</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Butch/Dyke <strong>(Option B)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Femme</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1GnONwDuQm3MN2odIk441746327014.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 30-year-old man approaches a lawyer seeking advice after discovering that his wife has been having an extramarital affair. He expresses anger and frustration, wanting to understand his legal options regarding this situation. Which of the following statements correctly reflects the legal status of adultery in India?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It’s a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment under IPC", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The man can file a criminal case against his wife’s lover", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The man can pursue a civil case for divorce", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "A serious offense that can lead to both criminal and civil liabilities", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The man can pursue a civil case for divorce", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:573px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Type of Offense</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Legal Status in India</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Rape</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Forceful sexual intercourse</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Criminal offense</li>\n<li>Defined under IPC Sec 375</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Incest</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Sexual relationship between blood relations</li>\n<li>Complexes:\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Electra complex (Daughter-Father)</li>\n<li>Oedipus complex (Son-Mother)</li>\n<li>Pharaon (Brother-Sister)</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Not a crime (no IPC provision)</li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Adultery</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Extramarital affairs</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<ul>\n<li>Decriminalized</li>\n<li>Civil case; grounds for divorce<strong> (Option C)</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/uKjJ89bfEfJdwOsdHHwA1746326803.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Forensic analysts find hair samples at a crime scene and need to determine the origin of hair. They note the following characteristics: the medulla is thick, and the scale pattern shows coronal scales. What type of hair are they most likely examining?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Human hair", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Animal hair", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Synthetic hair", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Insect hair", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Animal hair", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/rQcc0HwjZ8osc0WIaqPp1736231222.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:527px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Characteristic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Animal Hair</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Human Hair</strong><strong> (Option A)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medulla</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Thick</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Narrow</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Cortex</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Thin</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Thick</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Scale Pattern</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Coronal scales (C for Cattle)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Imbricate scales (I for Insaan)</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Texture</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Coarse and thick</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Fine and thin</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medullary Structure</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Continuous medulla</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Discontinuous or absent medulla</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pigmentation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pigment is at the center</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Pigment is at the periphery</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Medullary Index (MI)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>More than 0.5</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>0.33 or less</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/WEDVSSEYcY9SRK3Erkg51746419861.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "During an autopsy, forensic experts find hair strands embedded in the victim's scalp with a swollen bulb and ruptured sheath. What does this evidence suggest about the circumstances of the victim's death?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The hair fell out naturally.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The victim was forcibly restrained.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "The hair was dyed before death.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "The victim had a medical condition.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The victim was forcibly restrained.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/L3LEDBLmDRja6SZXnRiA1736231111.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ZHM7W4ApgfQqLpUNeYLK1746326696.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following statements regarding semen analysis tests is incorrect?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The fluorescence test results are bluish-white.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The Acid phosphatase test is positive in aspermia", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The CPK test detects fresh seminal stains", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Light microscopy is confirmatory", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The CPK test detects fresh seminal stains", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/TwPoInzM3EKJa9sOXaoU1736231012.png"], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/7xT0mBjbJgQ3RhiSEsHq1739283699.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A 28-year-old woman presents with allegations of sexual assault. A P/V swab was taken, and a test as shown below was performed. Which of the following tests was likely done?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Teichmann test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Barberio test", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Takayama test", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Florence test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Barberio test", "question_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/MmC6QpBiPCQZyHOtG38W1736230744.png"], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/aQ2bFHBByZVYNHnfOKWa1736230852.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/XZURzToMjPxOfW3mL7Vz1736230896.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:625px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Test Name</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Substance Detected</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Result</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Reagent Used</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Mnemonic</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Notes</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Barberio Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Spermine</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Yellow needle-shaped crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d2dcd7d96c169277719967dfef3e51\">Spermine</span> Picrate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Picric acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Barbar picks your hair with a needle</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"d2dcd7d96c169277719967dfef3e51\">Spermine</span> from the prostate; confirms the presence of seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Florence Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Dark brown rhombic crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">Choline</span> iodide</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>KI (Potassium Iodide)</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>Florence has 'C', C for Choline</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p>It detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad6984dc581692777184936c84dd97\">choline</span> from the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"c78e813e3a1692777198261357cb13\">seminal vesicle</span> and is used to identify seminal fluid.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/k45SCOMNVyhFDde3CSHD1739283575.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic laboratory conducts a Florence Test on a suspected semen stain. The test yields dark brown rhombic crystals that resemble hemin crystals, indicating a positive result. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Florence Test?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It is a confirmatory test for the presence of semen.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The formation of rhombic crystals is solely due to the presence of spermatozoa.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "False positives can occur if other substances containing choline are present.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "The test does not require follow-up confirmatory tests.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. False positives can occur if other substances containing choline are present.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/FsLXJQFFgIbZrAylkBvg1736230579.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Extraction</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Extract the suspected <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"613e5acf29169277719839af208a78\">semen</span> stain.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Drying</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Dry the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"387ff6837a16927771876363756d5a\">extract</span> on a glass slide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reagent Application</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Place a <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"6126826adf1692777185925c438ef6\">coverslip</span> over the dried <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"387ff6837a16927771876363756d5a\">extract</span> and add Florence solution (8% <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"58c4fcb71116927771901e83ac026f\">iodine</span> in water with 5% <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"a995a613a016927771969d4395dc80\">potassium</span> iodide).</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Result Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Observation</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Positive Result</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Formation of <strong>dark brown rhombic crystals</strong> (choline periodide) in clusters or rosettes, indicating the presence of semen. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Negative Result</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Absence of characteristic crystals, suggesting no <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"613e5acf29169277719839af208a78\">semen</span> is present.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/1XdMByztsTSVVSmbzBB51746326372.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic scientist is analyzing a suspected bloodstain and decides to perform the Takayama test for confirmation. Which of the following statements about the Takayama test is correct?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "It can only be performed on fresh blood samples.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The presence of pink, feathery crystals indicates a positive result for blood.", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "It provides information about the species of origin of the blood sample.", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "It is less sensitive than the Teichmann test.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. The presence of pink, feathery crystals indicates a positive result for blood.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sample Preparation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Place a small bloodstain sample on a glass slide and cover with a coverslip.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reagent Introduction</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Introduce Takayama <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"23e62c2aef16927771971f5c6bc3c6\">reagent</span> (sodium hydroxide, pyridine, glucose) under the coverslip.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heating</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Briefly heat the slide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Crystal Formation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Observe for pink, feathery crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"10c83adb331692777197f775bec1aa\">reduced</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b95c7f7b821692777181df660ee7ff\">alkaline</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"af2803293d1692777188a7a3d94cc5\">hematin</span> (hemochromogen) under a microscope.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/ySMINlCHc4wdNiJ2tBzP1746419780.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic laboratory is using the Teichmann test to confirm the presence of blood in a suspected bloodstain. Which of the following statements regarding this test is not true?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "The test requires the addition of sodium chloride and glacial acetic acid to the blood sample.", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "The presence of brownish rhombic-shaped crystals indicates a positive result for blood.", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "The test can reliably identify the species of origin of the blood sample.", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "False negatives may occur due to the age of the bloodstain or excessive heating.", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. The test can reliably identify the species of origin of the blood sample.", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Step</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Sample Preparation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Small sample of suspected bloodstain on a glass slide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reagents Added</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Add a few crystals of sodium <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"f7dbd0ab551692777184f9b1a73c6d\">chloride</span> and drops of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"947ebe954d1692777188281348fb94\">glacial</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0dd11cf9621692777180830d7825b2\">acetic</span> acid. <strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Heating</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Gently heat the slide.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Crystal Formation</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Formation of brownish rhombic-shaped crystals (hemin or <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"af2803293d1692777188a7a3d94cc5\">hematin</span> chloride) if blood is present. <strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:448px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Condition</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Effect on Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Age of the Stain</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reliability decreases with age. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Washing or Chemical Treatment</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>May prevent positive results.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Excess Sodium Chloride</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Interferes with crystal formation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Moisture in <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"947ebe954d1692777188281348fb94\">Glacial</span> <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0dd11cf9621692777180830d7825b2\">Acetic</span> Acid</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Can lead to negative results.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Overheating</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Degrades blood components. <strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/AH2imYSb2OlMdFts0odF1739283122.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "Which of the following tests is used to confirm the presence of blood by detecting red, feathery crystals of pyridine ferroprotoporphyrin?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Teichmann Test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "HemaTrace Test", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Takayama Test", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Precipitin Test", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Takayama Test", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/jk75P1xXBv4bP7vXn6Th1736231669.png", "https://image.prepladder.com/content/aDyliso5Jk92a8WrD15H1736231747.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Takayama Test</strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"3130\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/jk75P1xXBv4bP7vXn6Th1736231669.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> by forming red, feathery crystals of <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"dcccae21671692777196dc33208a39\">pyridine</span> ferroprotoporphyrin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Teichmann Test </strong><strong>(Option A ruled out)</strong></p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" data-author=\"NA\" data-hash=\"\" data-license=\"NA\" data-source=\"NA\" data-tags=\"\" height=\"4167\" src=\"https://image.prepladder.com/content/aDyliso5Jk92a8WrD15H1736231747.png\" width=\"4167\"/></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Converts <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> to hemin, creating brownish-yellow <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"0115afa2131692777197b45ae0d136\">rhomboid</span> crystals, confirming blood presence.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Description</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Precipitin Test </strong><strong>(Option D ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Identifies species origin through antibody-antigen reactions, using antisera specific to human blood.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>HemaTrace Test </strong><strong>(Option B ruled out)</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Uses <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b2b82438d6169277719287eb450079\">monoclonal</span> antibodies to detect human hemoglobin, showing a visible pink band for confirmation.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/nhJRBY9lyF91bIohK0n01737276328.mp3", "video": ""}, {"text": "A forensic investigator is analyzing a crime scene for potential blood stains. They decide to use a presumptive test that can detect trace amounts of blood but may also give false positives with other substances like bleach or rust. Which of the following is the most appropriate test for this scenario?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Kastle Meyer Test", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Hemastix", "correct": false}, {"label": "C", "text": "Luminol", "correct": true}, {"label": "D", "text": "Forensic Bluestar®", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "C. Luminol", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": ["https://image.prepladder.com/content/zxnGis99QtNsPU29zNnI1736229696.png"], "explanation": "<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:614px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Test</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Working Principle</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Kastle-Meyer</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Hemoglobin catalyzes the <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"224ea8a9e41692777194e81be113d8\">oxidation</span> of phenolphthalein, resulting in a pink color.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Hemastix</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Reagent reacts with hemoglobin, causing a color change based on the concentration of hemoglobin.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Luminol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Chemiluminescent reaction occurs when luminol reacts with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> under <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"b95c7f7b821692777181df660ee7ff\">alkaline</span> conditions, producing a blue glow.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:middle\">\n<p><strong>Forensic Bluestar®</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Similar to luminol, but with enhanced sensitivity; it reacts with <span class=\"customMeta\" data-dictid=\"ad2073fe6716927771885f3c1ec652\">hemoglobin</span> to produce a bright blue luminescence.</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse; width:623px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Method</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Type</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Sensitivity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Specificity</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>False Positives</strong></p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Luminol</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Presumptive</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Detects trace amounts</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Moderate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Metals, bleach, and other substances</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Forensic Bluestar®</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Presumptive</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Similar to Luminol</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Moderate</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Same as Luminol</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Kastle Meyer</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Presumptive</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1:16,384 dilution</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>High</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Minimal</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p><strong>Hemastix</strong></p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Presumptive</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>1:64 dilution</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Low</p>\n</td>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #000000; border-left:1px solid #000000; border-right:1px solid #000000; border-top:1px solid #000000; vertical-align:top\">\n<p>Tomatoes, rust, and other substances</p>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "https://image.prepladder.com/content/tQ29b6U3Ot23S50xw66f1737276165.mp3", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 34 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Instructions</h2> <h4 class="text-gray-800 text-lg font-semibold mt-6 mb-4">Test Features:</h4> <ul class="space-y-3"> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Multiple choice questions with single correct answers </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Timer-based testing for realistic exam conditions </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mark questions for review functionality </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Comprehensive results and performance analysis </li> <li class="flex items-center gap-3"> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check text-green-500"></i> Mobile-optimized interface for learning on-the-go </li> </ul> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="start-test">Start Test</button> </div> <div class="error-message hidden" id="error-message"></div> </div> </section> <!-- Quiz Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="quiz"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <!-- Progress Bar --> <div class="w-full bg-gray-200 rounded-full h-3 mb-4"> <div class="progress-bar h-3 rounded-full" id="progress-bar" style="width: 0%"></div> </div> <!-- Question Header --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center mb-4"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold" id="question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h2> <p class="text-lg font-semibold mt-2 md:mt-0" id="timer">Time Remaining: <span>00:00</span></p> </div> <!-- Question Content --> <div class="mb-6" id="question-content"> <p class="text-gray-800 mb-4" id="question-text"></p> <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4 mb-4" id="question-images"></div> <div class="space-y-3" id="options"></div> </div> <!-- Navigation Buttons --> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-center gap-2 md:gap-4"> <div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto"> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="previous-btn">Previous</button> <button class="bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-3 w-full md:w-32 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-btn">Next</button> </div> <div class="flex items-center gap-2"> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="mark-review"> Review <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-5 w-5" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M10 2a1 1 0 00-1 1v14l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L17 17V3a1 1 0 00-1-1H10z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="bg-transparent text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition flex items-center gap-1" id="nav-toggle"> Question 🧭 </button> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-3 w-44 h-14 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition w-full md:w-auto" id="submit-test">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Results Section --> <section class="container mx-auto px-4 md:px-6 pt-4 md:pt-6 pb-1 hidden section-transition" id="results"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-4 md:p-6"> <h2 class="text-2xl font-semibold mb-4">Anaesthesia Machine - Results</h2> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6"> <p><strong>Correct:</strong> <span id="correct-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Wrong:</strong> <span id="wrong-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> <p><strong>Unanswered:</strong> <span id="unanswered-count" class="text-[#000000]-500">0</span></p> <p><strong>Marked for Review:</strong> <span id="marked-count" class="text-[#000000]">0</span></p> </div> <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4" id="result-question-number">Question <span>1</span> of 4</h3> <div class="space-y-6" id="results-content"></div> <div class="result-nav"> <button aria-label="Previous question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" disabled="" id="prev-result">Previous</button> <button aria-label="Toggle results navigation panel" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="results-nav-toggle">Result 🧭</button> <button aria-label="Next question result" class="result-nav-btn bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#2c5281] transition" id="next-result">Next</button> </div> <div class="mt-6 flex space-x-4 button-group md:flex-row flex-col"> <button class="bg-green-500 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-green-600 transition" id="take-again">Take Again</button> </div> </div> </section> <!-- Exit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="exit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Leave Test?</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4">Your progress will be lost if you leave this page. Are you sure you want to exit?</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="continue-test">No, Continue</button> <button class="bg-red-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-red-600 transition" id="exit-test">Yes, Exit</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Submit Confirmation Modal --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 hidden" id="submit-modal" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white rounded-lg p-6 max-w-sm w-full"> <h2 class="text-xl font-semibold mb-4">Confirm Submission</h2> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-2">You have attempted <span id="attempted-count">0</span> of 4 questions.</p> <p class="text-gray-700 mb-4"><span id="unattempted-count">0</span> questions are unattempted.</p> <div class="flex justify-end space-x-4"> <button class="bg-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-400 transition" id="cancel-submit">Cancel</button> <button class="text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[#1a365d] transition" style="background-color: #2c5281;" id="confirm-submit">Submit Test</button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Quiz Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Questions Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <!-- Results Navigation Panel --> <div class="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-start justify-center p-4 z-50 results-nav-panel hidden overflow-y-auto" id="results-nav-panel" style="align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 33vh;"> <div class="bg-white shadow-lg p-4 rounded-lg w-full max-w-2xl max-h-[80vh] overflow-y-auto"> <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Results Navigation</h2> <div class="mb-4"> <select class="w-full p-2 border rounded-lg text-gray-700" id="results-nav-filter"> <option value="all">All Questions</option> <option value="answered">Answered</option> <option value="unanswered">Unanswered</option> <option value="marked">Marked for Review</option> </select> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-cols-5 gap-2 md:gap-3" id="results-nav-grid"></div> <button class="mt-4 bg-gray-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-600 transition w-full" id="close-results-nav">Close</button> </div> <!-- JavaScript Logic --> <script> // Enable debug mode for detailed logging const DEBUG_MODE = true; // Log debug messages function debugLog(message) { if (DEBUG_MODE) { console.log(`[DEBUG] ${message}`); } } // Initialize questions with error handling let questions = []; let currentResultQuestion = 0; // State for current question in results try { debugLog("Attempting to parse questions_json"); questions = [{"text": "A person was found dead in the bushes with his hands tied. On examination of the body, there was cyanosis petechial hemorrhages, abrasions, and bruises around the mouth and lips.There was associated facial congestion and edema. What is the least likely cause of death here?", "options": [{"label": "A", "text": "Asphyxia", "correct": false}, {"label": "B", "text": "Suicide", "correct": true}, {"label": "C", "text": "Smothering", "correct": false}, {"label": "D", "text": "Homicide", "correct": false}], "correct_answer": "B. Suicide", "question_images": [], "explanation_images": [], "explanation": "\n\n<p style='font-size: 10px; color: #808080; font-style: italic;'>@dams_new_robot</p>", "bot": "@dams_new_robot", "audio": "", "video": ""}]; if (!Array.isArray(questions) || questions.length === 0) { throw new Error("Questions data is empty or invalid"); } debugLog(`Successfully parsed ${questions.length} questions`); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to parse questions_json:", e); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error loading quiz data. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; // Fallback to sample questions for testing questions = [ { text: "What is 2 + 2?", options: [ { label: "A", text: "3", correct: false }, { label: "B", text: "4", correct: true }, { label: "C", text: "5", correct: false }, { label: "D", text: "6", correct: false } ], correct_answer: "B. 4", question_images: [], explanation_images: [], explanation: "<p>2 + 2 = 4</p><p>@dams_new_robot</p>", bot: "@dams_new_robot", audio: "", video: "" } ]; debugLog("Loaded fallback questions"); } // Quiz state let currentQuestion = 0; let answers = new Array(questions.length).fill(null); let markedForReview = new Array(questions.length).fill(false); let timeRemaining = 11 * 60; // Duration in seconds let timerInterval = null; const quizId = `{title.replace(/\s+/g, '_').toLowerCase()}`; // Unique ID for local storage // Load saved progress function loadProgress() { try { debugLog("Loading progress from localStorage"); const saved = localStorage.getItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); if (saved) { const { savedAnswers, savedMarked, savedTime } = JSON.parse(saved); answers = savedAnswers || answers; markedForReview = savedMarked || markedForReview; timeRemaining = savedTime !== undefined ? savedTime : timeRemaining; debugLog("Progress loaded successfully"); } else { debugLog("No saved progress found"); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to load progress: " + e.message); } } // Save progress function saveProgress() { try { debugLog("Saving progress to localStorage"); localStorage.setItem(`quiz_${quizId}`, JSON.stringify({ savedAnswers: answers, savedMarked: markedForReview, savedTime: timeRemaining })); debugLog("Progress saved successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error saving progress:", e); debugLog("Failed to save progress: " + e.message); } } // Initialize quiz function initQuiz() { try { debugLog("Initializing quiz"); loadProgress(); const startButton = document.getElementById('start-test'); if (!startButton) { throw new Error("Start test button not found"); } startButton.addEventListener('click', startQuiz); debugLog("Start test button listener attached"); document.getElementById('previous-btn').addEventListener('click', showPreviousQuestion); document.getElementById('next-btn').addEventListener('click', showNextQuestion); document.getElementById('mark-review').addEventListener('click', toggleMarkForReview); document.getElementById('nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('submit-test').addEventListener('click', showSubmitModal); document.getElementById('continue-test').addEventListener('click', closeExitModal); document.getElementById('exit-test').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Exiting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('cancel-submit').addEventListener('click', closeSubmitModal); document.getElementById('confirm-submit').addEventListener('click', submitTest); document.getElementById('take-again').addEventListener('click', () => { debugLog("Restarting test"); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); window.location.reload(); }); document.getElementById('close-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleNavPanel); document.getElementById('nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateNavPanel); document.getElementById('prev-result').addEventListener('click', showPreviousResult); document.getElementById('next-result').addEventListener('click', showNextResult); document.getElementById('results-nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('close-results-nav').addEventListener('click', toggleResultsNavPanel); document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').addEventListener('change', updateResultsNavPanel); debugLog("Quiz initialized successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Failed to initialize quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('start-test').disabled = true; } } // Start quiz function startQuiz() { try { debugLog("Starting quiz"); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.remove('hidden'); showQuestion(currentQuestion); startTimer(); updateNavPanel(); debugLog("Quiz started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting quiz:", e); debugLog("Failed to start quiz: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error starting quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('instructions').classList.remove('hidden'); } } // Show question function showQuestion(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing question ${index + 1}`); currentQuestion = index; const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } document.getElementById('question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('question-text').innerHTML = q.text || "No question text available"; const imagesDiv = document.getElementById('question-images'); imagesDiv.innerHTML = q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg">`).join('') : ''; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); optionsDiv.innerHTML = q.options && q.options.length > 0 ? q.options.map(opt => ` <button class="option-btn w-full text-left p-3 border rounded-lg ${answers[index] === opt.label ? 'selected' : ''}" onclick="selectOption(${index}, '${opt.label}')" aria-label="Option ${opt.label}: ${opt.text}"> ${opt.label}. ${opt.text} </button> `).join('') : '<p class="text-red-500">No options available</p>'; document.getElementById('previous-btn').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-btn').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[index]); updateProgressBar(); saveProgress(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying question:", e); debugLog("Failed to display question: " + e.message); } } // Select option function selectOption(index, label) { try { debugLog(`Selecting option ${label} for question ${index + 1}`); answers[index] = label; const optionsDiv = document.getElementById('options'); const optionButtons = optionsDiv.querySelectorAll('.option-btn'); optionButtons.forEach(btn => { const btnLabel = btn.textContent.trim().split('.')[0]; btn.classList.toggle('selected', btnLabel === label); }); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Option ${label} selected for question ${index + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error selecting option:", e); debugLog("Failed to select option: " + e.message); } } // Toggle mark for review function toggleMarkForReview() { try { debugLog(`Toggling mark for review on question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); markedForReview[currentQuestion] = !markedForReview[currentQuestion]; document.getElementById('mark-review').classList.toggle('marked', markedForReview[currentQuestion]); updateNavPanel(); saveProgress(); debugLog(`Mark for review toggled for question ${currentQuestion + 1}`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error marking for review:", e); debugLog("Failed to mark for review: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous question function showPreviousQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion > 0) { currentQuestion--; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous question: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next question function showNextQuestion() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next question from ${currentQuestion + 1}`); if (currentQuestion < questions.length - 1) { currentQuestion++; showQuestion(currentQuestion); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next question:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next question: " + e.message); } } // Handle question navigation click function handleQuestionNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showQuestion(index); toggleNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate via nav panel: " + e.message); } } // Start timer function startTimer() { try { debugLog("Starting timer"); timerInterval = setInterval(() => { if (timeRemaining <= 0) { debugLog("Timer expired, submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); submitTest(); } else { timeRemaining--; const minutes = Math.floor(timeRemaining / 60); const seconds = timeRemaining % 60; document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = `Time Remaining: <span>${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}</span>`; saveProgress(); } }, 1000); debugLog("Timer started successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error starting timer:", e); debugLog("Failed to start timer: " + e.message); } } // Update progress bar function updateProgressBar() { try { debugLog("Updating progress bar"); const progress = ((currentQuestion + 1) / questions.length) * 100; document.getElementById('progress-bar').style.width = `${progress}%`; debugLog("Progress bar updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating progress bar:", e); debugLog("Failed to update progress bar: " + e.message); } } // Update quiz navigation panel function updateNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating quiz navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="question-nav-btn ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleQuestionNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Update results navigation panel function updateResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Updating results navigation panel"); const filter = document.getElementById('results-nav-filter').value; const navGrid = document.getElementById('results-nav-grid'); navGrid.innerHTML = questions.map((_, i) => { if (filter === 'answered' && !answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'unanswered' && answers[i]) return ''; if (filter === 'marked' && !markedForReview[i]) return ''; return ` <button class="result-nav-btn-grid ${answers[i] ? 'answered' : 'unanswered'} ${markedForReview[i] ? 'marked-nav' : ''}" onclick="handleResultNavClick(${i})" aria-label="Go to Result for Question ${i + 1}"> ${i + 1} </button> `; }).join(''); debugLog("Results navigation panel updated"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error updating results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to update results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle quiz navigation panel function toggleNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling quiz navigation panel"); const navPanel = document.getElementById('nav-panel'); navPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); debugLog("Quiz navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling quiz navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle quiz navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Toggle results navigation panel function toggleResultsNavPanel() { try { debugLog("Toggling results navigation panel"); const resultsNavPanel = document.getElementById('results-nav-panel'); resultsNavPanel.classList.toggle('hidden'); if (!resultsNavPanel.classList.contains('hidden')) { updateResultsNavPanel(); } debugLog("Results navigation panel toggled"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling results navigation panel:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle results navigation panel: " + e.message); } } // Handle result navigation click function handleResultNavClick(index) { try { debugLog(`Navigating to result for question ${index + 1} via nav panel`); showResults(index); toggleResultsNavPanel(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error handling result navigation click:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to result: " + e.message); } } // Show submit modal function showSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Showing submit modal"); const attempted = answers.filter(a => a !== null).length; document.getElementById('attempted-count').textContent = attempted; document.getElementById('unattempted-count').textContent = questions.length - attempted; document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.remove('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal displayed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error showing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to show submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close submit modal function closeSubmitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing submit modal"); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Submit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing submit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close submit modal: " + e.message); } } // Close exit modal function closeExitModal() { try { debugLog("Closing exit modal"); document.getElementById('exit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); debugLog("Exit modal closed"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error closing exit modal:", e); debugLog("Failed to close exit modal: " + e.message); } } // Submit test function submitTest() { try { debugLog("Submitting test"); clearInterval(timerInterval); document.getElementById('quiz').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('submit-modal').classList.add('hidden'); document.getElementById('results').classList.remove('hidden'); showResults(0); // Start with first question // Trigger confetti animation confetti({ particleCount: 100, spread: 70, origin: { y: 0.6 } }); localStorage.removeItem(`quiz_${quizId}`); debugLog("Test submitted successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error submitting test:", e); debugLog("Failed to submit test: " + e.message); } } function showResults(index) { try { debugLog(`Showing result for question ${index + 1}`); currentResultQuestion = index; let correct = 0, wrong = 0, unanswered = 0, marked = 0; answers.forEach((answer, i) => { const isCorrect = answer && questions[i].options.find(opt => opt.label === answer)?.correct; if (answer === null) unanswered++; else if (isCorrect) correct++; else wrong++; if (markedForReview[i]) marked++; }); const q = questions[index]; if (!q) { throw new Error(`Question ${index} is undefined`); } const userAnswer = answers[index]; const isCorrect = userAnswer && q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.correct; const resultsContent = document.getElementById('results-content'); // Create scrollable container for explanation content resultsContent.innerHTML = ` <div class="border-4 ${isCorrect ? 'border-green-600 bg-green-100' : userAnswer ? 'border-red-600 bg-red-100' : 'border-gray-400 bg-gray-50'} p-4 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> <p class="font-semibold">Question ${index + 1}: ${q.text || 'No question text'}</p> ${q.question_images && q.question_images.length > 0 ? q.question_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Question Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} <p><strong>Your Answer:</strong> ${userAnswer ? `${userAnswer}. ${q.options.find(opt => opt.label === userAnswer)?.text || 'Invalid option'}` : 'Unanswered'}</p> <p><strong>Correct Answer:</strong> ${q.correct_answer || 'Unknown'}</p> <!-- Scrollable container for explanation --> <div class="mt-2 overflow-x-auto"> ${q.explanation || 'No explanation available'} </div> ${q.explanation_images && q.explanation_images.length > 0 ? q.explanation_images.map(url => `<img src="${url}" alt="Explanation Image" class="max-w-full h-auto rounded-lg my-2">`).join('') : ''} ${q.video ? ` <button class="play-video bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadVideo(this, '${q.video}', 'video-${index}')" aria-label="Play explanation video for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Video Explanation </button> <div id="video-${index}" class="video-container mt-2"></div> ` : '<p class="text-gray-500 mt-2">No video available</p>'} ${q.audio ? ` <button class="play-audio bg-[#2c5281] text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg mt-2" onclick="loadAudio(this, '${q.audio}', 'audio-${index}')" aria-label="Play audio explanation for Question ${index + 1}"> Play Audio Explanation </button> <div id="audio-${index}" class="audio-container mt-2"></div> ` : ''} </div> `; document.getElementById('correct-count').textContent = correct; document.getElementById('wrong-count').textContent = wrong; document.getElementById('unanswered-count').textContent = unanswered; document.getElementById('marked-count').textContent = marked; document.getElementById('result-question-number').innerHTML = `Question <span>${index + 1}</span> of ${questions.length}`; document.getElementById('prev-result').disabled = index === 0; document.getElementById('next-result').disabled = index === questions.length - 1; updateResultsNavPanel(); window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' }); debugLog(`Result for question ${index + 1} displayed successfully`); } catch (e) { console.error("Error displaying result:", e); debugLog("Failed to display result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to previous result function showPreviousResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to previous result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion > 0) { showResults(currentResultQuestion - 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to previous result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to previous result: " + e.message); } } // Navigate to next result function showNextResult() { try { debugLog(`Navigating to next result from question ${currentResultQuestion + 1}`); if (currentResultQuestion < questions.length - 1) { showResults(currentResultQuestion + 1); } } catch (e) { console.error("Error navigating to next result:", e); debugLog("Failed to navigate to next result: " + e.message); } } // Lazy-load video function loadVideo(button, videoUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading video for ${containerId}: ${videoUrl}`); if (!videoUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No video available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No video URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <div class="video-loading"></div> <video controls class="w-full max-w-[600px] rounded-lg" preload="metadata" aria-label="Video explanation"> <source src="${videoUrl}" type="${videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') ? 'application/x-mpegURL' : 'video/mp4'}"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Initialize HLS.js for .m3u8 videos const video = container.querySelector('video'); if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && Hls.isSupported()) { const hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(videoUrl); hls.attachMedia(video); hls.on(Hls.Events.ERROR, (event, data) => { console.error("HLS.js error:", data); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("HLS.js error: " + JSON.stringify(data)); }); } else if (videoUrl.endsWith('.m3u8') && video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) { video.src = videoUrl; } // Handle video load errors video.onerror = () => { console.error("Video load error for URL:", videoUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; debugLog("Video load error for URL: " + videoUrl); }; // Remove loading spinner when video is ready video.onloadedmetadata = () => { container.querySelector('.video-loading').remove(); debugLog("Video loaded successfully"); }; } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading video:", e); debugLog("Failed to load video: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading video. <a href="${videoUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open video in new tab">Open video</a></p>`; } } // Lazy-load audio function loadAudio(button, audioUrl, containerId) { try { debugLog(`Loading audio for ${containerId}: ${audioUrl}`); if (!audioUrl) { const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-gray-500">No audio available</p>`; button.remove(); debugLog("No audio URL provided"); return; } const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = ` <audio controls class="w-full max-w-[600px]" preload="metadata" aria-label="Audio explanation"> <source src="${audioUrl}" type="audio/mpeg"> Your browser does not support the audio tag. </audio> `; container.classList.add('active'); button.remove(); // Handle audio load errors const audio = container.querySelector('audio'); audio.onerror = () => { console.error("Audio load error for URL:", audioUrl); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; debugLog("Audio load error for URL: " + audioUrl); }; debugLog("Audio loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading audio:", e); debugLog("Failed to load audio: " + e.message); const container = document.getElementById(containerId); container.innerHTML = `<p class="text-red-500">Error loading audio. <a href="${audioUrl}" target="_blank" aria-label="Open audio in new tab">Open audio</a></p>`; } } // Toggle dark mode function toggleTheme() { try { debugLog("Toggling theme"); document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark'); localStorage.setItem('theme', document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark') ? 'dark' : 'light'); debugLog("Theme toggled successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error toggling theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to toggle theme: " + e.message); } } // Load theme preference function loadTheme() { try { debugLog("Loading theme preference"); const theme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); if (theme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); } debugLog("Theme loaded successfully"); } catch (e) { console.error("Error loading theme:", e); debugLog("Failed to load theme: " + e.message); } } // Initialize on DOM content loaded window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { try { debugLog("DOM content loaded, initializing quiz"); loadTheme(); initQuiz(); } catch (e) { console.error("Error during DOMContentLoaded:", e); debugLog("Failed to initialize on DOMContentLoaded: " + e.message); document.getElementById('error-message').innerHTML = "Error initializing quiz. Please check the console for details or contact support."; document.getElementById('error-message').classList.remove('hidden'); } }); </script> </body> </html>" frameborder="0" width="100%" height="2000px">